746 research outputs found
An interface for a real-time storage oscilloscope display
Digital computer hardware and software interface for real time storage oscilloscope displa
On the boundary of the dispersion-managed soliton existence
A breathing soliton-like structure in dispersion-managed (DM) optical fiber
system is studied. It is proven that for negative average dispersion the
breathing soliton is forbidden provided that a modulus of average dispersion
exceed a threshold which depends on the soliton amplitude.Comment: LaTeX, 8 pages, to appear in JETP Lett. 72, #3 (2000
Competing PT potentials and re-entrant PT symmetric phase for a particle in a box
We investigate the effects of competition between two complex,
-symmetric potentials on the -symmetric phase of a
"particle in a box". These potentials, given by and
, represent long-range and localized
gain/loss regions respectively. We obtain the -symmetric phase in
the plane, and find that for locations near the edge of the
box, the -symmetric phase is strengthened by additional losses to
the loss region. We also predict that a broken -symmetry will be
restored by increasing the strength of the localized potential. By
comparing the results for this problem and its lattice counterpart, we show
that a robust -symmetric phase in the continuum is consistent
with the fragile phase on the lattice. Our results demonstrate that systems
with multiple, -symmetric potentials show unique, unexpected
properties.Comment: 7 pages, 3 figure
Indicating Acts During Counting by a Chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes)
A chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) experienced in counting arrays of 0-7 items and trained for comprehension of number symbols, spontaneously displayed a variety of indicating acts (e.g., pointing, touching, and rearranging items) during counting. Twenty-five sessions were videotaped, and all trials were evaluated for the relations among number of items presented, number of indicating acts displayed, and the Arabic number selected to represent the array. Significant correlations included the relations between number of items and the cardinal number selected by the animal, between the number of items and indicating acts displayed by the chimpanzee, and between the number of indicating acts and the numeral selected. These data suggest that the use of indicating acts by this animal may have functional significance and serves as an organizing schema, comparable to similar behaviors observed in children in the early stages of learning to count
Antisymmetric solitons and their interactions in strongly dispersion-managed fiber-optic systems
By means of the variational approximation (VA), a system of ordinary
differential equations (ODEs) is derived to describe the propagation of
antisymmetric solitons in a multi-channel (WDM) optical fiber link subject to
strong dispersion management. Results are reported for a prototypical model
including two channels. Using the VA technique, conditions for stable
propagation of the antisymmetric dispersion-managed (ASDM) solitons in one
channel are found, and complete and incomplete collisions between the solitons
belonging to the different channels are investigated. In particular, it is
shown that formation of a bound inter-channel state of two ASDM solitons is
possible under certain conditions (but may be easily avoided). The VA
predictions for the single- and two-channel systems are compared with direct
simulations of the underlying partial differential equations. In most cases,
the agreement is very good, but in some cases (very closely spaced channels)
the collision may destroy the ASDM solitons. The timing-jitter suppression
factor (JSF) for the ASDM soliton in one channel, and the crosstalk timing
jitter induced by collision between the solitons belonging to the different
channels are also estimated analytically. In particular, the JSF for the ASDM
soliton may be much larger than for its fundamental-soliton counterpart in the
same system.Comment: 15 pages, 10 figures, accepted for publication in Optics
Communication
Families of Bragg-grating solitons in a cubic-quintic medium
We investigate the existence and stability of solitons in an optical
waveguide equipped with a Bragg grating (BG) in which nonlinearity contains
both cubic and quintic terms. The model has straightforward realizations in
both temporal and spatial domains, the latter being most realistic. Two
different families of zero-velocity solitons, which are separated by a border
at which solitons do not exist, are found in an exact analytical form. One
family may be regarded as a generalization of the usual BG solitons supported
by the cubic nonlinearity, while the other family, dominated by the quintic
nonlinearity, includes novel ``two-tier'' solitons with a sharp (but
nonsingular) peak. These soliton families also differ in the parities of their
real and imaginary parts. A stability region is identified within each family
by means of direct numerical simulations. The addition of the quintic term to
the model makes the solitons very robust: simulating evolution of a strongly
deformed pulse, we find that a larger part of its energy is \emph{retained} in
the process of its evolution into a soliton shape, only a small share of the
energy being lost into radiation, which is opposite to what occurs in the usual
BG model with cubic nonlinearity.Comment: 15 pages, 4 figures, Physics Letters A (in press
Spatial solitons in a medium composed of self-focusing and self-defocusing layers
We introduce a model combining Kerr nonlinearity with a periodically changing
sign ("nonlinearity management") and a Bragg grating (BG). The main result,
obtained by means of systematic simulations, is presented in the form of a
soliton's stability diagram on the parameter plane of the model; the diagram
turns out to be a universal one, as it practically does not depend on the
soliton's power. Moreover, simulations of the nonlinear Schroedinger (NLS)
model subjected to the same "nonlinearity management" demonstrate that the same
diagram determines the stability of the NLS solitons, unless they are very
narrow. The stability region of very narrow NLS solitons is much smaller, and
soliton splitting is readily observed in that case. The universal diagram shows
that a minimum non-zero average value of the Kerr coefficient is necessary for
the existence of stable solitons. Interactions between identical solitons with
an initial phase difference between them are simulated too in the BG model,
resulting in generation of stable moving solitons. A strong spontaneous
symmetry breaking is observed in the case when in-phase solitons pass through
each other due to attraction between them.Comment: a latex text file and 9 eps files with figures. Physics Letters A, in
pres
Instabilities of dispersion-managed solitons in the normal dispersion regime
Dispersion-managed solitons are reviewed within a Gaussian variational
approximation and an integral evolution model. In the normal regime of the
dispersion map (when the averaged path dispersion is negative), there are two
solitons of different pulse duration and energy at a fixed propagation
constant. We show that the short soliton with a larger energy is linearly
(exponentially) unstable. The other (long) soliton with a smaller energy is
linearly stable but hits a resonance with excitations of the dispersion map.
The results are compared with the results from the recent publicationsComment: 20 figures, 20 pages. submitted to Phys. Rev.
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