Coronavirus pandemic: yesterday, today, tomorrow of the Russian economy

The article analyzes the economic results of the crisis year 2020, identifies the factors that had a negative impact on the results of the year, examines the dynamics of macroeconomic indicators, determines the impact of various industries on GDP. The results of the analysis of citizens’ incomes for 2020, the dynamics of changes in the number of unemployed and the number of Russian citizens with incomes below the established subsistence level are presented. Restrictive measures related to the pandemic and the results of their effect on the socio-economic development of Russia and some foreign countries are considered, the main anti-crisis measures are listed. The content and objectives of the “National Action Plan”, which is aimed at restoring the Russian economy, are briefly formulated. In conclusion, the main challenges and risks in the implementation of the “National Action Plan” are formulated, which provides both an increase in employment, an increase in citizens’ incomes, the restoration of economic growth and a fundamental changes in the structure of the economy

Excluded volume effects in macromolecular forces and ion-interface interactions

A charged Yukawa liquid confined in a slit nanopore is studied in order to understand excluded volume effects in the interaction force between the pore walls. A previously developed self-consistent scheme (S. Buyukdagli el al., J. Stat. Mech. P05033 (2011)) and a new simpler variational procedure that self-consistently couple image forces, surface charge induced electric field and pore modified core interactions are used to this aim. For neutral pores, it is shown that with increasing pore size, the theory predicts a transition of the interplate pressure from an attractive to a strongly repulsive regime associated with an ionic packing state, an effect observed in previous Monte Carlo simulations for hard core charges. The role of the range of core interactions in the ionic rejection and interplate pressure is thoroughly analyzed. We show that the physics of the system can be split into two screening regimes. The ionic packing effect takes place in the regime of moderately screened core interactions characterized with the bare screening parameter of the Yukawa potential b<3/lB, where lB is the Bjerrum length. In the second regime of strongly screened core interactions b>3/lB, solvation forces associated with these interactions positively contribute to the ionic rejection driven by electrostatic forces and enhance the magnitude of the attractive pressure. The pronounced dependence of the interplate pressure and ionic partition coefficients on the magnitude and the range of core interactions indicates excluded volume effects as an important ion specificity and a non-negligible ingredient for the stability of macromolecules in electrolyte solutions.Comment: Accepted for publication in J. Chem. Phy