In Vitro Rumen Fermentation and Anti Mastitis Bacterial Activity of Diet Containing Betel Leaf Meal (Piper Betle L.)

The aims of this experiment was to study the inhibition effect of betel leaf meal (BLM) addition into concentrate diet on mastitis causing bacteria and on rumen fermentation condition. The study consisted of five dietary treatments of BLM level in concentrate feed, i.e., 0%, 2%, 4%, 6%, and 8% and four replicates of each treatment. The treatment diets together with napier grass in ratio of 40 : 60 were fermented using rumen liquor. All treatments were examined their antibacterial activity before and after fermentation. After four hours fermentation, supernatant of each samples were analyzed for VFA, NH3, number of bacteria and protozoa. Dry matter (DM) and organic matter (OM) digestibility were analyzed after 48 h fermentation. The results showed that before fermentation, 8% BLM addition caused the bigest (P<0.05) inhibition diameter of Staphylococcus spp. growth compared to other lower levels. However after fermentation there were no significant differences among the addition levels of BLM. Two per cent of BLM addition produced higher VFA (P<0.05) than the other addition levels. Ammoniaconcentration, dry matter (DM) and organic matter (OM) digestibility were not different among the treatments. Addition of BLM significantly (P<0.01) decreased protozoa number, but did not affect bacterial count. It is concluded that the addition of 2% BLM in concentrate feed can be used effectively to inhibit the growth of mastitis causing bacteria (Staphylococcus spp.) and does not disturb rumen fermentation condition

An Empirical Biomarker-based Calculator for Autosomal Recessive Polycystic Kidney Disease - The Nieto-Narayan Formula

Autosomal polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD) is associated with progressive enlargement of the kidneys fuelled by the formation and expansion of fluid-filled cysts. The disease is congenital and children that do not succumb to it during the neonatal period will, by age 10 years, more often than not, require nephrectomy+renal replacement therapy for management of both pain and renal insufficiency. Since increasing cystic index (CI; percent of kidney occupied by cysts) drives both renal expansion and organ dysfunction, management of these patients, including decisions such as elective nephrectomy and prioritization on the transplant waitlist, could clearly benefit from serial determination of CI. So also, clinical trials in ARPKD evaluating the efficacy of novel drug candidates could benefit from serial determination of CI. Although ultrasound is currently the imaging modality of choice for diagnosis of ARPKD, its utilization for assessing disease progression is highly limited. Magnetic resonance imaging or computed tomography, although more reliable for determination of CI, are expensive, time-consuming and somewhat impractical in the pediatric population. Using a well-established mammalian model of ARPKD, we undertook a big data-like analysis of minimally- or non-invasive serum and urine biomarkers of renal injury/dysfunction to derive a family of equations for estimating CI. We then applied a signal averaging protocol to distill these equations to a single empirical formula for calculation of CI. Such a formula will eventually find use in identifying and monitoring patients at high risk for progressing to end-stage renal disease and aid in the conduct of clinical trials.Comment: 3 tables and 8 figure

PROFIL KOMPETENSI SOSIAL MAHASISWA CALON GURU UNIVERSITAS NEGERI YOGYAKARTA

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui gambaran kompetensi sosial mahasiswa calon guru Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta (UNY) secara umum dan secara terperinci yang mencakup setiap: indikator, kelompok keilmuan, tahun masuk, lingkungan sosial di kampus dan di masyarakat, keaktifan kegiatan di kampus dan di masysrakat, pekerjaan orangtua, dan pendidikan orangtua. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode survey dengan tingkat eksplanasi deskriptif dan dengan data kuantitatif. Populasi penelitian adalah mahasiswa UNY program S1 kependidikan jumlahnya sekitar 15000. Jumlah sampel ditentukan dengan tabel Krejcie-Morgan, diperoleh 378 sampel. Sedang teknik pengambilam sampel dilakukan dengan cara multi stage. Langkah pertama adalah mengambil sampel 2 program studi kependidikan secara purposive. Jumlah sampel setiap program studi dan setiap angkatan masuk diambil secara quota, dan selanjutnya sampel diambil secara random. Sesuai dengan tujuan penelitian ini, teknik analisis datanya adalah secara deskriptif dengan teknik Count-If dan Mean. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa: (1) Secara keseluruhan kompetensi sosial mahasiswa UNY kategori baik (skor rerata 74,63, dalam skala 100). (2) Berdasarkan indikatornya, kompetensi sosial mahasiswa UNY dari yang tertinggi adalah rasa hormat/penghargaan, kategori baik (79,70), dan kerjasama dengan masyarakat dalam kategori cukup baik (62,38). (3) Menurut bidang keilmuan, mahasiswa kelompok ilmu pengetahuan sosial (IPS) skor rerata kompetensi sosialnya 75,60, kategori baik, dan mahasiswa kelompok ilmu eksakta (IPA) skor rerata kompetensi sosialnya 73,34. (4) Kompetensi sosial mahasiswa angkatan 2011 skor 73,60 (baik), angkatan 2012 skor 75,99 (baik), dan angkatan 2013 skor 74,30 (baik). (5) Mahasiswa dengan lingkungan sosial di kampus dan di masyarakat yang inspiratif cenderung memiliki kompetensi sosial lebih tinggi daripada lingkungan yang tidak inspiratif. (6) Mahasiswa yang aktif di kampus dan di masyarakat cenderung memiliki kompetensi sosial lebih tinggi daripada yang tidak aktif. (7) Status pekerjaan orangtua mahasiswa tidak memiliki kaitan yang jelas dengan kompetensi sosial anaknya. (8) Tingkat pendidikan orangtua mahasiswa juga tidak memiliki kaitan yang jelas dengan kompetensi sosial anaknya

Konsepsi Muhammad Rasyid Ridha Tentang Syura sebagai Azas Pemerintahan Islam

In the discourse of Islamic political thoughts, both of pre and modern era, the term "syura" (deliberation) is one of the great issues in the Muslim scholars especially for Islamic political thinkers. One of the great Muslim thinkers in this modern era who countributes significantly in this field is Sayyid Muhammad Rasyid Ridha. His political thoughts are available in his Magna Opus "Khilafat aw al-Imamat al-Uzma". His Ideas are considered brilliant and still in line with the contemporary political discourse. Ridha is in the opinion that the "syura" shoul become the foundations in the "Islamic governement syistem"

3-Methyl-2-propionamido­butanoic acid

The reaction of propionyl isothio­cyanate with valine was found to give the title compound, C8H15NO3, instead of the expected thio­urea product. The whole mol­ecule is non-planar and the carbonyl group is cis to the methyl­butanoic acid group across the C—N bond. Inter­molecular O—H⋯O and N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds build up a two-dimensional network developing parallel to (100)

In Vitro Rumen Fermentation and Anti Mastitis Bacterial Activity of Diet Containing Betel Leaf Meal (Piper betle L.)

The aims of this experiment was to study the inhibition effect of betel leaf meal (BLM) addition into concentrate diet on mastitis causing bacteria and on rumen fermentation condition. The study consisted of five dietary treatments of BLM level in concentrate feed, i.e., 0%, 2%, 4%, 6%, and 8% and four replicates of each treatment. The treatment diets together with napier grass in ratio of 40 : 60 were fermented using rumen liquor.  All treatments were examined their antibacterial activity before and after fermentation. After four hours fermentation, supernatant of each samples were analyzed for VFA, NH3, number of bacteria and protozoa. Dry matter (DM) and organic matter (OM) digestibility were analyzed after 48 h fermentation. The results showed that before fermentation, 8% BLM addition caused the bigest (P<0.05) inhibition diameter of Staphylococcus spp. growth compared to other lower levels. However after fermentation there were no significant differences among the addition levels of BLM.  Two per cent of BLM addition produced higher VFA (P<0.05) than the other addition levels. Ammoniaconcentration, dry matter (DM) and organic matter (OM) digestibility were not different among the treatments. Addition of BLM significantly (P<0.01) decreased protozoa number, but did not affect bacterial count. It is concluded that the addition of 2% BLM in concentrate feed can be used effectively to inhibit the growth of mastitis causing bacteria (Staphylococcus spp.) and does not disturb rumen fermentation condition

Meneropong Istana Tua (Dalam Loka) Warisan Arsitektur Tradisional Sumbawa (Inheritance on Traditional Architecture of Sumbawa )

To look through traditional architecture inheritance of old traditional house Sumbawa palace (Dalam Loka), the former palace of the king of Sumbawa empire. The traditional house is located in Sumbawa City, wester southeast Sumbawa Regency. The architectural shape of old palace as a house on stilts reflects a cultural form in the past. The objective of this paper is to reveal space form, space function, structure and the elements of the house, decoration, and the old palace architecture cosmology. Research method used is descriptive with qualitative approach. Data collection techniques are in the forms of observation, interview, and literature studies. The result shows that the form and function of the old palace building consist of three parts, namely the top, the middle and the bottom. The architecture of that old palace has a philosophy namely Salimpat which describes that all human life aspects would be perfect only if in the form of rectangular. That rectangular philosophy is reflected in the form of land area, the columns, the windows and the room space Warisan arsitektur tradisional Sumbawa rumah adat Istana Tua (Dalam Loka), yang dahulu digunakan sebagai istana Raja Kesultanan Sumbawa. Rumah adat itu berlokasi di Kota Sumbawa, Kabupaten Sumbawa, Nusa Tenggara Barat. Arsitektur rumah adat Istana Tua (Dalam Loka) yang berupa rumah panggung, mencerminkan bentuk kebudayaan masa lampau. Tujuan penulisan ini adalah, mengungkapkan bentuk dan fungsi ruang, struktur dan elemen bangunan, ragam hias, serta kosmologi dalam arsitektur Istana Tua (Dalam Loka). Metode penelitian yang digunakan bersifat deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data berupa wawancara, pengamatan, dan studi pustaka. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa bentuk dan fungsi bangunan Istana Tua (Dalam Loka), terdiri dari tiga bagian, yaitu bagian atas disebut loteng atau Alang, bagian tengah merupakan badan rumah disebut ruang Dalam Loka (Istana Tua), dan bagian bawah atau kolong yang disebut Tabongan. Arsitektur Dalam Loka menganut falsafah Salimpat yang menggambarkan bahwa segala aspek kehidupan manusia barulah sempurna jika berbentuk segi empat. Falsafah tersebut direfleksikan pada bentuk areal tanah, tiang rumah, jendela dan ruangan

UPAYA MEMPERTAHANKAN KUALITAS DEDAK PADI SEBAGAI BAHAN PAKAN DENGAN PENAMBAHAN BUTYLATED HYDROXYTOLUENE DAN KALSIUM PROPIONAT SELAMA PENYIMPANAN ENAM MINGGU

Dedak padi merupakan salah satu bahan pakan ternak yang umum digunakan sebagai sumber energi dan serat bagi ternak. Selain itu dedak padi juga mengandung asam lemak tak jenuh sehingga sangat bermanfaat bagi ternak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat pengaruh penambahan Butylated Hydroxytoluene (BHT) dan Kalsium Propionat sebagai upaya mempertahankan kualitas dedak padi. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Teknologi dan Industri Pakan Fakultas Peternakan Universitas Hasanuddin. Penelitian  disusun berdasarkan rancangan acak lengkap pola faktorial  2x4, dengan faktor pertama adalah waktu penyimpanan yaitu W1 = 0 minggu, W2 = 6 minggu, faktor kedua adalah  jenis pengawet yaitu P1 = tanpa pengawet, P2 = BHT 0,01 %, P3 = kalsium propionat 0,3 %, dan P4 = kombinasi BHT 0,01 % + kalsium propionat 0,3 %, dengan dua ulangan. Penggunaan BHT 0,01% (P2) sebagai antioksidan dalam pakan berpengaruh nyata terhadap penurunan kandungan bilangan peroksida dan asam lemak bebas sedangkan penggunaan kalsium propionat 0,3 % (P3) berpengaruh nyata terhadap pertumbuhan koloni jamur. Hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa penggunaan BHT dan kalsium propionat sebagai aditif dalam pakan maupun bahan pakan dapat digunakan untuk mencegah ketengikan hidrolisis dan menghambat pertumbuhan jamur selama penyimpanan

A review of effectiveness of Saudi E-government data security management

Security of data has always been a contested issue since the internet became the way of life. The internet and Web 2.0 followed by Web 3.0 have enabled many applications for the use of the citizens. E-government is one of them. Questions have always been raised about the security of data in E-government applications and services. Saudi Arabia is one of the developing countries when it comes to the internet-based services. This paper attempts to review the effectiveness of security policies when dealing with threats and vulnerabilities. We shall study these aspects in the context of Saudi Arabian E-government. E-government, anywhere in the world is a very sensitive area when it comes to ensuring security of the users as well as the corporate data. Breach in security of user data may have catastrophic implications in some cases