Occupational therapy\u27s link to vocational reeducation, 1910-1925.

The development of occupational therapy is rooted in early 20th century medical reform. During the early 1910s, several members of the medical profession, human service workers, and the larger American society were increasingly disturbed by medical practices that did not consider the individual\u27s personal experience of disability. Occupational therapy was developed, in part, out of this desire to provide persons with treatment that helped them to function in their communities despite their disability. Early occupational therapy leaders envisioned the fledgling profession as a societal service capable of assisting persons with disabilities to return to both work and community life. Vocational reeducation was initially considered to be an integral component of occupational therapy in the years from 1910 to 1920. However, the profession\u27s early link to vocational reduction was challenged by vocational technical trainers during World War I. To prevent occupational therapy from being subsumed by vocational technical training, the early occupational therapy leaders implemented several strategies: adoption of physician prescription for all occupational therapy services, delivery of occupational therapy services primarily within hospital settings, and dissociation from vocational reeducation services. Reasons accounting for why the early occupational therapy leaders abandoned their initial commitment to vocational reeducation are explored. Suggestions about how this decision has affected present-day practice are also offered

The Essential Governmental Function After National League of Cities: Impact of an Essentiality Test on Commuter Rail Transportation

The Supreme Court of the United States held in National League of Cities v. Usery that Congress had exceeded its powers under the commerce clause by enacting the 1974 amendment to the Fair Labor Standards Act. The reasoning behind the decision was that Congress was prohibited from using the commerce clause in areas which states were considered to be performing an essential government function. Because the Supreme Court did not explain precisely what is considered an essential government function, courts have been forced to make case-by-case determinations in deciding these types of cases. One area were these issues are brought to the fore is railroad employee regulation because of the essential nature of commuter rail transportation. This Note provides an examination of the National League case. It then attempts to analyze the essential government function language of the decision and formulate a coherent definition of the term. Finally, it examines the impact of the clear definition on some local regulations of commuter rail transportation

Employee satisfaction and its affects (sic) on customer service in a healthcare facility

Includes bibliographical references

The Distribution of Kemp's Ridley Sea Turtles (Lepidochelys kempi) Along the Texas Coast: An Atlas

Eight hundred sixty-five records of Kemp's ridley sea turtles (Lepidochelys kempi) reported from Texas between the late 1940's to April 1990 were compiled from six data bases and the literature, then plotted on a series of Texas maps. Four categories of Kemp's ridleys are identified throughout the atlas: head-started (turtles that are raised in captivity their first year of life), wild, historical (pre-1980), and nesters. Geographic, seasonal, and size distributions of the turtle categories are plotted by regions. Most Kemp's ridleys were reported from the northeast and central Texas coast. They were reported from both inshore (landward of barrier islands) and offshore (seaward of barrier islands). Scattered nestings occurred in the central to southern regions. Kemp's ridleys were found more often during the spring and summer. A total of 546 turtle records contained measurements; most were 20-59.9 cm curved carapace length and considered sub-adults. Comparison of distributions of head-started and wild Kemp's ridleys suggests head-started Kemp's ridleys inhabit the same areas as wild Kemp's ridleys. (PDF file contains 56 pages.

Northeast Community Survey 2008: Final Report

East Anchorage is currently the only site in Alaska under the nationwide Weed and Seed initiative, which is intended to “weed out” criminals who undermine quality of life for community residents in high-crime neighborhoods and to “seed in” positive practices, programs and institutions that contribute to a better quality of life for neighborhoods. The East Anchorage Weed and Seed site, located in a racially and ethnically diverse neighborhood in the northeast part of Anchorage, had an estimated population in 2005 of more than 37,000 people living in about 14,000 households. On behalf of East Anchorage Weed and Seed, the Justice Center conducted a community survey designed to evaluate Northeast community residents’ level of satisfaction with their neighborhood as a place to live, specifically with regards to residents' feelings about neighborhood safety, neighborhood crime levels, criminal victimization, police activity in the neighborhood, and the availability of social services. This report presents results of the survey, to which a total of 209 respondents in the Northeast community responded, and compares its results to those of an identical mailed community survey conducted in the same area in 2002.Executive Summary / Introduction / Method / The Study Sample / Perceptions of Public Safety / Perceived Problems in the Northeast Community / Criminal Victimization / Neighborhood Satisfaction / Evaluation/Perception of Local Police Activity / Resident Participation in the Northeast Community / Conclusion / Endnotes / Appendix A: Survey Instrumen

Permanent and transitory policy shocks in an empirical macro model with asymmetric information

Despite a large literature documenting that the efficacy of monetary policy depends on how inflation expectations are anchored, many monetary policy models assume: (1) the inflation target of monetary policy is constant; and, (2) the inflation target is known by all economic agents. This paper proposes an empirical specification with two policy shocks: permanent changes to the inflation target and transitory perturbations of the short-term real rate. The public sector cannot correctly distinguish between these two shocks and, under incomplete learning, private perceptions of the inflation target will not equal the true target. The paper shows how imperfect policy credibility can affect economic responses to structural shocks, including transition to a new inflation target - a question that cannot be addressed by many commonly used empirical and theoretical models. In contrast to models where all monetary policy actions are transient, the proposed specification implies that sizable movements in historical bond yields and inflation are attributable to perceptions of permanent shocks in target inflation

Ion beam sputter etching

An ion beam etching process which forms extremely high aspect ratio surface microstructures using thin sputter masks is utilized in the fabrication of integrated circuits. A carbon rich sputter mask together with unmasked portions of a substrate is bombarded with inert gas ions while simultaneous carbon deposition occurs. The arrival of the carbon deposit is adjusted to enable the sputter mask to have a near zero or even slightly positive increase in thickness with time while the unmasked portions have a high net sputter etch rate

Future work selves : how salient hoped-for identities motivate proactive career behaviors

The term future work self refers to an individual's representation of himself or herself in the future that reflects his or her hopes and aspirations in relation to work. The clearer and more accessible this representation, the more salient the future work self. An initial study with 2 samples (N = 397; N = 103) showed that future work self salience was distinct from established career concepts and positively related to individuals' proactive career behavior. A follow-up longitudinal analysis, Study 2 (N = 53), demonstrated that future work self salience had a lagged effect on proactive career behavior. In Study 3 (N = 233), we considered the role of elaboration, a further attribute of a future work self, and showed that elaboration motivated proactive career behavior only when future work self salience was also high. Together the studies suggest the power of future work selves as a motivational resource for proactive career behavior. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved

Investigating the role of the land surface in explaining the interannual variation of the net radiation balance over the Western Sahara and sub-Sahara

The status of the data sets is discussed. Progress was made in both data analysis and modeling areas. The atmospheric and land surface contributions to the net radiation budget over the Sahara-Sahel region is being decoupled. The interannual variability of these two processes was investigated and this variability related to seasonal rainfall fluctuations. A modified Barnes objective analysis scheme was developed which uses an eliptic scan pattern and a 3-pass iteration of the difference fields