Sphere rolling on the surface of a cone

We analyse the motion of a sphere that rolls without slipping on a conical surface having its axis in the direction of the constant gravitational field of the Earth. This nonholonomic system admits a solution in terms of quadratures. We exhibit that the only circular of the system orbit is stable and furthermore show that all its solutions can be found using an analogy with central force problems. We also discuss the case of motion with no gravitational field, that is, of motion on a freely falling cone.Comment: 12 pages, 2 figures, to be published in Eur J Phy

Adherence to the Mediterranean Lifestyle and Desired Body Weight Loss in a Mediterranean Adult Population with Overweight: A PREDIMED-Plus Study

Background. Body weight dissatisfaction is a hindrance to following a healthy lifestyle and it has been associated with weight concerns. Objectives. The aim of this study was to assess the association between the adherence to the Mediterranean lifestyle (diet and exercise) and the desired body weight loss in an adult Mediterranean population with overweight. Methods. Cross-sectional analysis in 6355 participants (3268 men; 3087 women) with metabolic syndrome and BMI (Body mass index) between 27.0 and 40.0 kg/m2 (55–75 years old) from the PREDIMED-Plus trial. Desired weight loss was the percentage of weight that participants wished to lose. It was categorized into four cut-offs of this percentage (Q1: <10%, n = 1495; Q2: 10–15%, n = 1804; Q3: <15–20%, n = 1470; Q4: ≥20%, n = 1589). Diet was assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire and a 17-item Mediterranean diet questionnaire. Physical activity was assessed by the validated Minnesota-REGICOR and the validated Spanish version of the Nurses’ Health Study questionnaire. Results. Participants reporting higher percentages of desired weight loss (Q3 and Q4) were younger, had higher real and perceived BMI and were more likely to have abdominal obesity. Desired weight loss correlated inversely to physical activity (Q1: 2106 MET min/week; Q4: 1585 MET min/week

Utilización de recursos sanitarios y costes asociados al diagnóstico y tratamiento de cada episodio de trombosis venosa profunda y sangrado en pacientes intervenidos de cirugía ortopédica de cadera o rodilla

Objective: To determine the use of healthcare resources and costs associated with the diagnosis and treatment of thrombosis and bleeding patients who have undergone elective hip or knee replacement surgery, in routine clinical practice conditions. Patients and methods: This multicentre observational and retrospective study extracted data from the medical records of three Spanish public hospitals (2010). Patients ≥40 years who had received prophylaxis-anticoagulation were included. They were randomised into three groups: (a) control (no hospital complications), (b) bleeding, and (c) thrombosis. General variables, use of resources and costs were analysed. Statistical analysis: logistic regression and ANCOVA for model correction (P < .05) was included. Results: A total of 141 patients (control: 60; bleeding: 60; and thrombosis: 21), with a mean age 68.7 (SD: 10.4) years, and 68.1% females were identified. Hip arthroplasty was more frequent (71.6%). The bleeding risk was associated with age (OR = 1.1) and thrombosis with COPD (OR = 1.8); P < .05). The average length of stay for the thrombosis, bleeding and control groups was 13.9, 11.5 and 7.4 days, respectively; P < .001). The total costs for each group were D10,484.3; D8766.4 and D6496.1 respectively; P < .05. All grouped results were comparable between them according to the hospital analysed and the type of replacement. Conclusions: Costs were higher for thrombosis and bleeding patients, respectively. Costs were associated with length of stay and hospital-acquired infections.Objetivo: Conocer la utilización de recursos sanitarios y los costes asociados al diagnóstico y tratamiento de la trombosis y sangrado en pacientes intervenidos de artroplastia primaria total de cadera (ATC) o rodilla (ATR), durante 3 meses de seguimiento. Pacientes y método: Estudio observacional de carácter multicéntrico y retrospectivo, realizado a partir de los registros médicos de pacientes pertenecientes a 3 centros hospitalarios-públicos espanoles ˜ (ano˜ 2010). Se consideraron aleatoriamente 3 grupos de pacientes: a) control (sin complicaciones hospitalarias); b) sangrado, y c) trombosis. Se incluyeron variables generales, de utilización de recursos y sus costes. Análisis estadístico: regresión logística y ANCOVA, p < 0,05. Resultados: Se incluyeron pacientes ≥ 40 anos ˜ y que hubieran recibido profilaxis anticoagulante. Se incluyó un total de 141 pacientes (control: 60; sangrado: 60; y trombosis: 21). La edad media fue de 68,7 (DE: 10,4) anos ˜ y el 68,1% fueron mujeres. La ATR fue la técnica más frecuente (71,6%). El riesgo de sangrado se relacionó con la edad (OR = 1,1) y el de trombosis con la EPOC (OR = 1,8), p < 0,05. El promedio de días de estancia de los grupos de trombosis, sangrado y control fue de 13,9; 11,5 y 7,4 días, respectivamente, p < 0,001). Los costes totales fueron: 10.484,3 D; 8.766,4 D, y 6.496,1 D, respectivamente, p < 0,05. Todos los resultados agrupados fueron comparables entre ellos según el hospital analizado y el tipo de artroplastia. Conclusiones: Los costes más elevados se producen en los pacientes que habían desarrollado una trombosis y sangrado, respectivamente. Los costes se relacionaron con la prolongación de los días de estancia y las infecciones intrahospitalariasMedicin

Logarithmic Corrections for Spin Glasses, Percolation and Lee-Yang Singularities in Six Dimensions

We study analytically the logarithmic corrections to the critical exponents of the critical behavior of correlation length, susceptibility and specific heat for the temperature and the finite-size scaling behavior, for a generic $\phi^3$ theory at its upper critical dimension (six). We have also computed the leading correction to scaling as a function of the lattice size. We distinguish the obtained formulas to the following special cases: percolation, Lee-Yang (LY) singularities and $m$-component spin glasses. We have compared our results for the Ising spin glass case with numerical simulations finding a very good agreement. Finally, and using the results obtained for the Lee-Yang singularities in six dimensions, we have computed the logarithmic corrections to the singular part of the free energy for lattice animals in eight dimensions.Comment: 18 pages. We have extended the computation to lattice animals in eight dimensions. To be published in Journal of Physics

Gingival neurofibroma in a neurofibromatosis type 1 patient : case report

Neurofibroma is a benign peripheral nerve sheath tumour. It is one of the most frequent tumours of neural origin and its presence is one of the clinical criteria for the diagnosis of type 1 neurofibromatosis (NF-I). Neurofibromatosis type 1 is an autosomal dominantly inherited disease due to an alteration in the long arm of chromosome 17. About 50% of NF-I patients have no family history of the disease. NF-I patients have skin lesions (café au lait spots and neurofibromas) as well as bone malformations and central nervous system tumours. Diagnosis is based on a series of clinical criteria. Gingival neurofibroma in NF-I is uncommon. Treatment of neurofibromas is surgical resection. The aim of this paper is to report a case of NF-I with gingival involvement and to review the literature

Hydrothermal–microwave processing for starch extraction from mexican avocado seeds: operational conditions and characterization

Avocado seeds are an agroindustrial residue widely produced in Mexico that are causing various environmental problems due to their accumulation. The evaluation of avocado residues to recover biopolymers by microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) and the characterization of avocado starch properties were studied in the present work. A central-composite design was used to optimize the MAE process. Moreover, a comparison was performed between MAE non-isothermal mode (NO–ISO) and conventional extraction. Starch optimization by MAE was obtained at 161.09 °C for 56.23 min with an extraction yield of 49.52% ± 0.69%, while with NO–ISO at 161 °C was obtained 45.75% ± 2.18%. Conventional extraction was 39.04% ± 2.22%. Compared with conventional starch, MAE starch showed similar proprieties and molecular spectra. In contrast, MAE starch showed high solubility, low water absorption capacity, a non-granular structure with small particle size (<2 μm) and polydispersity of fragments at different sizes of polymers. Therefore, MAE is a viable technology to extract the starch, and avocado seed can be considered an excellent starch source for the development of novel functional foods, contributing to promoting sustainability across the food chain.N/Ainfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Stability and enzymatic studies with omeprazole: hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin

The original publication is available at www.springerlink.com. A publicação original está disponível em www.springerlink.comOmeprazole (OME) exhibits low stability to light, heat and humidity. In stress conditions OME stability should improve under inclusion complex form with hydroxypropyl-b-cyclodextrin (HPbCD). Stability of OME, its physical mixture (PM) with HPbCD and OME:HPbCD inclusion complex was assessed during 60 days. The inclusion complexes were prepared by kneading and freezedrying techniques and characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). A molecular modelling was also held to predict the most probable tridimensional conformation of inclusion complex OME:HPbCD. The inhibitory activity of free and complexed OME on selected enzymes, namely, papain (protease model of the proton pump) and acetylcholinesterase (enzyme present in cholinergic neurons and also involved in Alzheimer’s disease) was compared. The results obtained show that HPbCD do not protect against OME degradation, in any prepared powder, in the presence of light, heat and humidity. This may indicate that the reactive group of OME is not included in the HPbCD cavity. This fact is supported by molecular modelling data, which demonstrated that 2-pyridylmethyl group of OME is not included into the cyclodextrin cavity. In relation to enzymatic assays it was observed that free OME and OME in the binary systems showed identical inhibitory activity on papain and acethylcolinesterase, concluding that HPbCD do not affect OME activity on these two enzymes

VEGF Gene Expression in Adult Human Thymus Fat: A Correlative Study with Hypoxic Induced Factor and Cyclooxigenase-2

UNLABELLED:It is well known that the adult human thymus degenerates into fat tissue; however, it has never been considered as a potential source of angiogenic factors. Recently, we have described that this fat (TAT) produces angiogenic factors and induces human endothelial cell proliferation and migration, indicating its potential angiogenic properties. DESIGN:Adult thymus fat and subcutaneous adipose tissue specimens were obtained from 28 patients undergoing cardiac surgery, making this tissue readily available as a prime source of adipose tissue. We focused our investigation on determining VEGF gene expression and characterizing the different genes, mediators of inflammation and adipogenesis, and which are known to play a relevant role in angiogenesis regulation. RESULTS:We found that VEGF-A was the isoform most expressed in TAT. This expression was accompanied by an upregulation of HIF-1alpha, COX-2 and HO-1 proteins, and by increased HIF-1 DNA binding activity, compared to SAT. Furthermore, we observed that TAT contains a high percentage of mature adipocytes, 0.25% of macrophage cells, 15% of endothelial cells and a very low percentage of thymocyte cells, suggesting the cellular variability of TAT, which could explain the differences in gene expression observed in TAT. Subsequently, we showed that the expression of genes known as adipogenic mediators, including PPARgamma1/gamma2, FABP-4 and adiponectin was similar in both TAT and SAT. Moreover the expression of these latter genes presented a significantly positive correlation with VEGF, suggesting the potential association between VEGF and the generation of adipose tissue in adult thymus. CONCLUSION:Here we suggest that this fat has a potential angiogenic function related to ongoing adipogenesis, which substitutes immune functions within the adult thymus. The expression of VEGF seems to be associated with COX-2, HO-1 and adipogenesis related genes, suggesting the importance that this new fat has acquired in research in relation to adipogenesis and angiogenesis

Mutación infrecuente en el síndrome renal-coloboma: A propósito de un caso y revisión

El síndrome renal-coloboma es una enfermedad autosómica dominante caracterizada por hipodisplasia renal y coloboma. Se presenta el caso de una niña de 12 años afecta de enfermedad renal crónica, colobomas papilares bilaterales y mutación excepcional del gen PAX-2 . Con diagnóstico prenatal de hipoplasia renal bilateral, a los 5 días de vida, presentó clínica y datos analíticos compatibles con enfermedad renal crónica. En los controles posteriores, se apreció reflujo vesicoureteral grado ii bilateral, que se resolvió espontáneamente, proteinuria mantenida en rango no nefrótico controlada con enalapril y colobomas bilaterales con atrofia macular izquierda. La función renal se mantuvo estable. El estudio genético demostró mutación p.R104X de novo sin sentido en heterocigosis. Globalmente, existen documentados 80 casos de síndrome renal- coloboma asociado a mutaciones de este gen. Las evaluaciones oftalmológicas y genéticas son fundamentales en los casos de hipodisplasia renal. La función renal determinará el pronóstico. Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica de la etiopatogenia de la enfermedad. Renal-coloboma syndrome is an autosomal dominant disease characterized by renal hypodysplasia and coloboma. A case of a 12-year-old girl with chronic kidney disease, bilateral optic nerve colobomas and an exceptional PAX-2 gene mutation is presented. Diagnosed in prenatal scans with bilateral renal hypoplasia, she presented clinical and laboratory findings of chronic kidney disease at 5 days of life. Following tests Mutación infrecuente en el síndrome renal-coloboma: A propósito de un caso y revisión Infrequent mutation in renal-coloboma syndrome: Case report and review showed grade II bilateral vesicoureteral reflux spontaneously solved, maintained non nephrotic proteinuria controlled with enalapril and bilateral colobomas with left macular atrophy. Renal function remained stable. Genetic study showed de novo and non sense mutation p.R104X in heterocygosis. Currently there are 80 published cases of renal-coloboma syndrome associated with this gene mutations. Ophthalmologic and genetic evaluations are crucial in cases affected by renal hypodysplasia. Renal function will establish prognosis. We review the etiopathogenesis of this disease

Metal-Organic Frameworks Based on a Janus-Head Biquinoline Ligand as Catalysts in the Transformation of Carbonyl Compounds into Cyanohydrins and Alcohols

A new family of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) named GR-MOFs with the chemical formula {[Mx(BCA)y](H2O)z(DMF)w} (x,y,z,w: 1,1,2,0; 1,1.5,0,1; 1,2,2,1; and 1,1,0,2 for GR-MOF-11 to 14, respectively) based on s-block [M: Sr (GR-MOF-11), Ba (GR-MOF-14)] and d-block [M: Y (GR-MOF-12) and Cd (GR-MOF-13)] metals together with the biquinoline ligand 2,2′-bicinchoninic acid (H2BCA) has been synthetized by a solvothermal route and fully characterized by elemental and thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, photoluminescence, particle size distribution through optical microscopy, electrophoretic mobility, and finally, X-ray single-crystal and powder diffraction. The structural characterization reveals that these 2D and 3D MOFs possess a rich variety of coordination modes that maintained the Janus-head topology on the ligand in most of the cases. The new MOFs were studied in the catalyzed cyanosilylation and hydroboration of an extensive group of aldehydes and ketones, wherein the s-block metal-based MOFs GR-MOF-11 and GR-MOF-14 provided the highest efficiency ever reported in the MOF-catalyzed cyanosilylation of carbonyl compounds by using only 0.5 mol % of catalyst loading, room temperature, and solvent-free conditions. Furthermore, the hydroboration of ketones has been reported for the first time with this type of s-block metal catalysts obtaining from moderate to good conversions.This research has been funded by the grants CTQ2017-84334 R, PGC2018-102052 B-C21, and PGC2018-102052 A-C22 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by “ERDF A way of making Europe”, Junta de Andalucía (102C2000004, CV20-78799, P20_01041, UAL-FEDER UAL2020-AGR-B1781, FEDER 2014–2020 A-RNM-433-UGR18, ProyExcel_00386, ProyExcel_00105, B-FQM-734-UGR20, FQM-376, and FQM-394), Gobierno Vasco/Eusko Jaurlaritza (IT1755-22, IT1500-22), and Gobierno de España MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033/Unión Europea “Next GenerationEU”/PRTR (programs PDC2021-121248-I00 and PLEC2021-007774). S.R. acknowledges the Juan de la Cierva Incorporación Fellowship (grant agreement no. IJC2019-038894-I) and J.M.P., a Hipatia fellowship (University of Almería). The authors acknowledge Manuel Pérez Mendoza from the University of Granada for his collaboration. Funding for open access charge: Universidad de Granada/CBUA