Quartz Cherenkov Counters for Fast Timing: QUARTIC

We have developed particle detectors based on fused silica (quartz) Cherenkov radiators read out with micro-channel plate photomultipliers (MCP-PMTs) or silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) for high precision timing (Sigma(t) about 10-15 ps). One application is to measure the times of small angle protons from exclusive reactions, e.g. p + p - p + H + p, at the Large Hadron Collider, LHC. They may also be used to measure directional particle fluxes close to external or stored beams. The detectors have small areas (square cm), but need to be active very close (a few mm) to the intense LHC beam, and so must be radiation hard and nearly edgeless. We present results of tests of detectors with quartz bars inclined at the Cherenkov angle, and with bars in the form of an "L" (with a 90 degree corner). We also describe a possible design for a fast timing hodoscope with elements of a few square mm.Comment: 24 pages, 14 figure

Strategy of “Cold Start” of New Academic Laboratories

The Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation to attract young promising personnel to research activities at the end of 2018, an additional budget was set up, aimed at creating new research laboratories in academic institutions. Scientific and organizational problems that were identified at the stage of the creation and development of new laboratories are discussed. The disintegration and high specialization of institutes at the initial stage of the creation of laboratories affected the speed and quality of the decisions. The selection of young professionals and their employment in the institutions in the shortest possible time in 2018 was the main requirement for obtaining additional funding. At the beginning of 2019, for most organizations, the main problems of a mainly technical nature were the updating of research plans for 2019, taking into account additional budget works opened for new laboratories. Inaccuracies in the coordination of labor costs, financing direct and indirect costs were identified. Taking into account the staff youth, the main risks for new laboratories are the fulfillment of indicators for the state task (articles in journals) and the provision of scientific staff salaries over 200% of the average salary in the region (attraction of additional extrabudgetary funds). Also, taking into account that employees with little experience were taken into new laboratories, it is quite difficult to apply a well-tested Personal Research Activity Rating tool for financial motivation, and other strategies are needed for “the cold start” of new research laboratories in academic institutions. The options of scientific and organizational measures considered in the article are aimed at reducing the risks of the formation of new laboratories and transforming them into points of growth and exchange of best practices among other scientific and educational organizations

Digitalization of Management Processes in Scientific and Educational Organizations

Document circulation and communication between organizations, their structural subdivisions and employees are increasingly being made on the basis of infocommunication technologies and paperless digital approaches. This article provides a review of existing information systems, the main activities of scientific and educational organizations, ways of interaction with state and commercial enterprises. The analysis of general types of administrative and economic, financial activity, as well as scientific, educational, publishing activities, specialized for academic institutions is given. It is considered domestic, works dedicated to automation of processes and the introduction of information systems in scientific and educational organizations, as well as existing foreign technologies for automating the learning process. Most existing Russian and foreign systems include modules that provide electronic document management and communication. Despite existing standards, scientific and educational organizations are difficult to unify, due to their specialization and historically established traditions. Due to the multifaceted activity of scientific and educational organizations, to the problem of integrating modules developed at different times for different services accumulating databases with duplicate information. Information is provided on the corporate information systems developed in SPIIRAS, distinguished by the use of biometric contactless means of interaction with users and personalized maintenance scenarios

New Fast Shower Max Detector Based on MCP as an Active Element

One possibility to make a fast and radiation resistant shower maximum (SM) detector is to use a secondary emitter as an active element. We present below test beam results, obtained with different types of photo detectors based on micro channel plates (MCP) as secondary emitter. The SM time resolution – we obtained for this new type of detector is at the level of 20-30 ps. We estimate that a significant contribution to the detector response originates from secondary emission of the MCP

Precision Timing with shower maximum detectors based on pixelated micro-channel plates

Future calorimeters and shower maximum detectors at high luminosity colliders need to be highly radiation resistant and very fast. One exciting option for such a detector is a calorimeter composed of a secondary emitter as the active element. In this report we outline the study and development of a secondary emission calorimeter prototype using micro-channel plates (MCP) as the active element, which directly amplify the electromagnetic shower signal. We demonstrate the feasibility of using a bare MCP within an inexpensive and robust housing without the need for any photo cathode, which is a key requirement for high radiation tolerance. Test beam measurements of the prototype were performed with 120 GeV primary protons and secondary beams at the Fermilab Test Beam Facility, demonstrating basic calorimetric measurements and precision timing capabilities. Using multiple pixel readout on the MCP, we demonstrate a transverse spatial resolution of 0.8 mm, and time resolution better than 40 ps for electromagnetic showers

«Жизнь государю, честь - никому»: Нравственный выбор Евгения Сергеевича Боткина (к 140-летию со дня рождения)

Twenty three steps down the basement of the Ipatiev house in Ekaterinburg, the steps into the chasm and the darkness, the movement into the immortality. The moral choice of the last emperor's physician, doctor Yeugeniy Sergeyevich Botkin - it is the choice of the nobleman officer, patriot and the citizen, the choice of autocratic and God-carried Russia romantic. The changes of the governments and epochs as well as of the partialities and the values are possible, but the admiration from the Russian intellectual's soul's force, with his vulnerable conscience is invariable example. The honour - to nobody, never and in spite of any difficulties - the simple and the attractive formula of the doctor's Botkin fate.Двадцать три ступени вниз в подвал дома Ипатьева в Екатеринбурге - ступени в бездну и небытие, шаги в бессмертие. Нравственный выбор последнего лейб-медика доктора Евгения Сергеевича Боткина - выбор дворянина и офицера, гражданина и патриота, романтика Самодержавной и Православной России. Меняются правители и эпохи, пристрастия и оценки, но неизменным остается восхищение величием человеческого духа русского интеллигента, уязвленного совестью. Честь - никому и никогда, ни при каких обстоятельствах - простая и притягательная формула судьбы доктора Боткина

Test beam studies of silicon timing for use in calorimetry

The high luminosity upgrade of the Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) at CERN is expected to provide instantaneous luminosities of 5×10^(34) cm^(−2) s^(−1). The high luminosities expected at the HL-LHC will be accompanied by a factor of 5–10 more pileup compared with LHC conditions in 2015, further increasing the challenge for particle identification and event reconstruction. Precision timing allows us to extend calorimetric measurements into such a high density environment by subtracting the energy deposits from pileup interactions. Calorimeters employing silicon as the active component have recently become a viable choice for the HL-LHC and future collider experiments which face very high radiation environments. In this paper, we present studies of basic calorimetric and precision timing measurements using a prototype composed of tungsten absorber and silicon sensor as the active medium. We show that for the bulk of electromagnetic showers induced by electrons in the range of 20–30 GeV, we can achieve time resolutions better than 25 ps per single pad sensor

Precision Timing with Silicon Sensors for Use in Calorimetry

The high luminosity upgrade of the Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) at CERN is expected to provide instantaneous luminosities of 5 × 10^(34) cm^(−2) s^(−1). The high luminosities expected at the HL-LHC will be accompanied by a factor of 5 to 10 more pileup compared with LHC conditions in 2015, causing general confusion for particle identification and event reconstruction. Precision timing allows to extend calorimetric measurements into such a high density environment by subtracting the energy deposits from pileup interactions. Calorimeters employing silicon as the active component have recently become a popular choice for the HL- LHC and future collider experiments which face very high radiation environments. We present studies of basic calorimetric and precision timing measurements using a prototype composed of tungsten absorber and silicon sensor as the active medium. We show that for the bulk of electromagnetic showers induced by electrons in the range of 20 GeV to 30 GeV, we can achieve time resolutions better than 25 ps per single pad sensor