Nudged to a menu position: the role of “I’m Loving It”!

Erworben im Rahmen der Schweizer Nationallizenzen (http://www.nationallizenzen.ch)The position of food items on supermarket shelves or dishes on restaurant menus seems to influence consumers’ choices. However, it is still unclear which position is the most favourable, respectively which factor can explain the variety of different position effects observed (e.g., centre-stage effect). We assume that this factor is based on whether or not “your love” (or your preference) for the cuisine of the restaurant (e.g., Italian) where you have dinner plays a role regarding your dish choice or not. Hence, in a computer-based study, participants had to choose dishes, appetizers, entrées and desserts from menus whose cuisine they most (e.g., Italian) or least preferred (e.g., Japanese). We found that regarding the meal type entrées, preference indeed played a role. Regarding menus from their most preferred cuisine, participants chose significantly more often entrées positioned in the centre of the menu. No such effect could be found regarding menus from their least preferred cuisine. Regarding the meal type appetizer, preference did not seem to play a role; hence, participants did, regarding both preferences, choose more appetizers positioned at the top of the menu. Regarding desserts, no effects could be found. A developed theoretical framework tries to illustrate how preference comes into play, by changing the way the dishes within a meal type are perceived, and hence modulates the different position effects observed. The framework should provide choice architects with guidelines about where they could place healthier dishes on a menu to fight the current overweight and obesity crisis

The Supera Interwoven Nitinol Stent as a Flow Diverting Device in Popliteal Aneurysms

PURPOSE: The feasibility of using a compressed interwoven Supera stent as a flow diverting device for popliteal aneurysms was recently demonstrated in patients. It is unclear, however, what the optimal flow diverting strategy is, because of the fusiform shape of popliteal aneurysms and their exposure to triphasic flow. To assess this flow diverting strategy for popliteal aneurysms, flow profiles and thrombus formation likelihood were investigated in popliteal aneurysm models. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Six popliteal aneurysm models were created and integrated into a pulsatile flow set-up. These models covered a bent and a straight anatomy in three configurations: control, single-lined and dual-lined Supera stents. Two-dimensional flow velocities were visualized by laser particle image velocimetry. In addition, the efficacy of the stent configurations for promoting aneurysm thrombosis was assessed by simulations of residence time and platelet activation. RESULTS: On average for the two anatomies, the Supera stent led to a twofold reduction of velocities in the aneurysm for single-lined stents, and a fourfold reduction for dual-lined stents. Forward flow was optimally diverted, whereas backward flow was generally deflected into the aneurysm. The dual-lined configuration led to residence times of 15–20 s, compared to 5–15 s for the single stent configurations. Platelet activation potential was not increased by the flow diverting stents. CONCLUSION: A compressed Supera stent was successfully able to divert flow in a popliteal aneurysm phantom. A dual-lined configuration demonstrated superior hemodynamic characteristics compared to its single-lined counterpart. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00270-022-03118-x

Verkenning LARCH: omgaan met kwaliteit binnen ecologische netwerken

Vanuit de taak van het Planbureau voor de Leefomgeving (PBL) is er een grote behoefte om de realisatie van beleidsdoelen te meten en te toetsen. In het bouwwerk van de graadmeter Natuurwaarde worden zowel meetnetten als modellen gebruikt. De meetnetten worden gebruikt om inzicht te krijgen in de actuele situatie van de natuur. De modellen worden veelal gebruikt om toekomstscenario’s te beoordelen. LARCH is als kennissysteem/model voor fauna onderdeel van dit samenhangend systeem. Het blijkt dat bij de ontwikkeling en het gebruik van LARCH geen eenduidige lijn is gevolgd met betrekking tot het te modelleren resultaat. Het PBL is daarom op zoek naar een scherpe visie voor LARCH, van waaruit nieuwe modellen ontwikkeld kunnen worden of onderbouwende studies aangestuurd kunnen worden. Om te komen tot een kennissysteem waarbinnen de nieuwe modellijn goed functioneert, zijn een aantal technische aanpassingen, een aantal onderbouwende studies en kwaliteitsborging belangrijk. Voor 25 vlindersoorten en 38 vogelsoorten en alle Vogel- en Habitrichtlijnsoorten zullen de critical loads bepaald moeten worden. Vervolgens zal van alle soorten nagegaan moeten worden in hoeverre het eindresultaat een goede weergave van potentiële leefgebieden geeft. Wanneer alle soortmodellen gereed zijn, moet een gevoeligheidsanalyse en een onzekerheidsanalyse worden uitgevoerd. Aldus is verwoord in het onderzoek van Alterra, SOVON en Wageningen Universiteit (Entomologie

Protocol for the unclassified primary antibody deficiency (unPAD) study:Characterization and classification of patients using the ESID online registry

BACKGROUND: Primary antibody deficiencies (PADs) without an identified monogenetic origin form the largest and most heterogeneous group of primary immunodeficiencies. These patients often remain undiagnosed for years and many present to medical attention in adulthood after several infections risking structural complications. Not much is known about their treatment, comorbidities, or prognosis, nor whether the various immunological forms (decreased total IgG, IgG subclass(es), IgM, IgA, specific antibody responses, alone or in combination(s)) should be considered as separate, clearly definable subgroups. The unclassified primary antibody deficiency (unPAD) study aims to describe in detail all PAD patients without an identified specific monogenetic defect regarding their demographical, clinical, and immunological characteristics at presentation and during follow-up. In constructing these patterns, the unPAD study aims to reduce the number of missed and unidentified PAD patients in the future. In addition, this study will focus on subclassifying unPAD to support the identification of patients at higher risk for infection or immune dysregulation related complications, enabling the development of personalized follow-up and treatment plans. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: We present a protocol for a multicenter observational cohort study using the ESID online Registry. Patients of all ages who have given informed consent for participation in the ESID online Registry and fulfill the ESID Clinical Working Definitions for ‘unclassified antibody deficiency’, ‘deficiency of specific IgG’, ‘IgA with IgG subclass deficiency’, ‘isolated IgG subclass deficiency’, ‘selective IgM deficiency’, ‘selective IgA deficiency’ or ‘common variable immunodeficiency’ will be included. For all patients, basic characteristics can be registered at first registration and yearly thereafter in level 1 forms. Detailed characteristics of the patients can be registered in level 2 forms. Consecutive follow-up forms can be added indefinitely. To ensure the quality of the collected data, all data will be fully monitored before they are exported from the ESID online Registry for analysis. Outcomes will be the clinical and immunological characteristics of unPAD at presentation and during follow-up. Subgroup analyses will be made based on demographical, clinical and immunological characteristics

One-year follow-up after active aortic aneurysm sac treatment with shape memory polymer devices during endovascular aneurysm repair

Objective: To determine the safety and efficacy of treating abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) sacs with polyurethane shape memory polymer (SMP) devices during endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR), using a technique to fully treat the target lumen after endograft placement (aortic flow volume minus the endograft volume). SMP devices self-expand in the sac to form a porous scaffold that supports thrombosis throughout its structure. Methods: Two identical prospective, multicenter, single-arm studies were conducted in New Zealand and the Netherlands. The study population was adult candidates for elective EVAR of an infrarenal AAA (diameter of ≥55 mm in men and ≥50 mm in women). Key exclusion criteria were an inability to adequately seal a common iliac artery aneurysm, patent sac feeding vessels of &gt;4 mm, and a target lumen volume of &lt;20 mL or &gt;135 mL. Target lumen volumes were estimated by subtracting endograft volumes from preprocedural imaging-based flow lumen volumes. SMP devices were delivered immediately after endograft deployment via a 6F sheath jailed in a bowed position in the sac. The primary efficacy end point was technical success, defined as filling the actual target lumen volume with fully expanded SMP at the completion of the procedure. Secondary efficacy outcome measures during follow-up were the change in sac volume and diameter, rate of type II endoleak and type I or III endoleaks, and the rate of open repair and related reinterventions, with data collection at 30 days, 6 months, and 1 year (to date). Baseline sac volumes and diameters for change in sac size analyses were determined from 30-day imaging studies. Baseline and follow-up volumes were normalized by subtraction of the endograft volume. Results: Of 34 patients treated with SMP devices and followed per protocol, 33 patients were evaluable at 1 year. Preprocedural aneurysm volume was 181.4 mL (95% confidence interval [CI], 150.7-212.1 mL) and preprocedural aneurysm diameter was 60.8 mm (95% CI, 57.8-63.9 mm). The target lumen volume was 56.3 mL (95% CI, 46.9-65.8 mL). Technical success was 100% and the ratio of SMP fully expanded volume to estimated target lumen volume was 1.4 ± 0.3. Baseline normalized sac volume and diameter were 140.7 mL (95% CI, 126.6-154.9 mL) and 61.0 mm (95% CI, 59.7-62.3 mm). The adjusted mean percentage change in normalized volume at 1 year was −28.8% (95% CI, −35.3 to −22.3%; P &lt; .001). The adjusted mean change in sac diameter at 1 year was −5.9 mm (95% CI, −7.5 to −4.4 mm; P &lt; .001). At 1 year, 81.8% of patients (95% CI, 64.5%-93.0%) achieved a ≥10% decrease in normalized volume and 57.6% of patients (95% CI, 39.2%-74.5%) achieved a ≥5 mm decrease in diameter. No device- or study procedure-related major adverse events occurred through 1 year after the procedure. Conclusions: Treatment of AAA sacs with SMP devices during EVAR resulted in significant sac volume and diameter regression at 1 year with an acceptable safety profile in this prospective study.</p