Analisa Prediksi Potensi Bahan Baku Biodiesel Sebagai Suplemen Bahan Bakar Motor Diesel Di Indoesia

Biodiesel adalah bahan bakar yang terbuat dari bahan yang bersifat dapat diperbarui seperti tumbuh-tumbuhan dan hewan-hewanan. Indonesia adalah negara tropis, dimana memiliki curah hujan yang tinggi dan setiap tahun mendapat sinar matahari. Indonesia memiliki keanekaragaman hayati dan hewani yang tinggi, untuk itu terdapat banyak jenis bahan baku biodiesel yang berpotensi untuk dijadikan suplemen bahan bakar motor diesel di Indonesia. Saat ini jenis bahan baku di Indonesia mencapai lebih dari 50 jenis bahan baku. Metode pemilihan dan analisa bahan baku biodiesel adalah menggunakan metode Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). Metode prediksi yang dipakai adalah metode bilangan kuadrat terkecil (Least Square). Dari analisa bahan baku yang sudah dilakukan didapat 6 jenis bahan baku yang berpotensi sebagai suplemen bahan bakar motor diesel di Indonesia yaitu minyak jelantah, kelapa sawit, kelapa, alga, jarak pagar dan karet. Besar potensi produksi minyak biodiesel dari 6 jenis bahan baku biodiesel meliputi jarak pagar 557842 ribu barel minyak biodiesel. Disusul dengan kelapa sawit 438876, alga 258867 ribu barel, kelapa 238455 ribu barel, minyak jelantah 45515 ribu barel, dan karet 3989,7 ribu barel. Dengan adanya suplemen biodiesel, Indonesia akan dapat mengatasi krisis energi sampai pada tahun 2101

Stages and Fracture Mechanisms of Lamellar Pearlite of 100-m-Long Differentially Hardened Rails Under Long-Term Operation Conditions

Using the methods of transmission electron microscopy, the carbide phase evolution in surface layers of the differentially quenched rails is studied after the passed tonnage of 691.8 million tons at the depth up to 10 mm along the central axis and fillet of rail head. The action of two mutual supplement mechanisms of steel carbide phase transformation in surface layers at rail operation is established: (1) cutting mechanism of cementite particles with the following departure in the volume of ferrite grains or plates (in pearlite structure); (2) cutting mechanism and following dissolution of cementite particles, transfer of carbon atoms on dislocations (in Cottrell atmospheres and dislocation cores), transfer of carbon atoms by moving dislocations into ferrite grains volume (or plates) with the following repeated formation of nanosized cementite particles. The first mechanism is accompanied by the change in linear sizes and morphology of carbide particles. Cementite element composition change is not essential. Carbide structure change can take place during the second mechanism

Testing T Invariance in the Interaction of Slow Neutrons with Aligned Nuclei

The study of five-fold (P even, T odd) correlation in the interaction of slow polarized neutrons with aligned nuclei is a possible way of testing the time reversal invariance due to the expected enhancement of T violating effects in compound resonances. Possible nuclear targets are discussed which can be aligned both dynamically as well as by the "brute force" method at low temperature. A statistical estimation is performed of the five-fold correlation for low lying p wave compound resonances of the $^{121}$Sb, $^{123}$Sb and $^{127}$I nuclei. It is shown that a significant improvement can be achieved for the bound on the intensity of the fundamental parity conserving time violating (PCTV) interaction.Comment: 22 pages, 5 figures, published versio

Stress and Strain State Analysis of Defective Pipeline Portion

The paper presents computer simulation results of the pipeline having defects in a welded joint. Autodesk Inventor software is used for simulation of the stress and strain state of the pipeline. Places of the possible failure and stress concentrators are predicted on the defective portion of the pipeline

Балльно-прогностическая шкала оценки риска ущемления паховых и бедренных грыж

 Today, algorithms have been developed for actions after excluding hernia incarceration directly during the patient’s hospitalization, but there are no clear recommendations for how to proceed: to offer surgery in this hospitalization or  to recommend planned surgical treatment. To answer this question, it is necessary to assume the probability of repeated incarceration. To solve this  problem, we have suggested high, medium and low risk of incarceration of  inguinal or femoral hernia and determine the optimal timing of surgery.  На сегодняшний день разработан алгоритм действий хирурга при вправившейся ущемленной грыже непосредственно при госпитализации пациента, но нет четких рекомендаций как быть дальше, после исключения ущемления: предлагать операцию в данную госпитализацию  или рекомендовать плановое оперативное  лечение. Чтобы аргументированно ответить на этот вопрос, необходимо прогнозировать вероятность повторного ущемления. Для решения данной проблемы  нами была предложена балльно-прогностическая шкала  оценки риска ущемления паховых и бедренных грыж. Применение данной шкалы на практике позволит выявлять  пациентов с высоким, умеренным и низким риском ущемления  паховой или бедренной грыжи и определять оптимальные  сроки для хирургического лечения.

Балльно-прогностическая шкала оценки риска ущемления послеоперационных вентральных грыж

The problem of treatment for strangulated incisional hernia does not lose its relevance due to the large number of postoperative complications and high mortality rates, which significantly exceed these indicators in selective surgery. One of the solutions to this problem is to identify patients with a high risk of strangulation, which will allow you to perform the operation in a timely manner and avoid possible complications. The most relevant issue is the timing of surgery in patients with postoperative hernias after strangulation. Проблема лечения ущемленных послеоперационных вентральных грыж не теряет своей актуальности по причине большого количества послеоперационных осложнений и высокого уровня летальности, которые значительно превышают данные показатели в плановой хирургии. Один из вариантов решения данной проблемы — выявление пациентов с высоким риском ущемления, что позволит своевременно выполнить плановую операцию и избежать возможных осложнений. Наиболее актуальным является решение вопроса о сроках операции у пациентов с разущемившимися послеоперационными грыжами.

Lie experts' beliefs about non-verbal indicators of deception

ABSTRACT.. Beliefs about behavioral clues to deception were investigated in 212 people, consisting of prisoners, police detectives, patrol police officers, prison guards, customs officers, and college students. Previous studies, mainly conducted with college students as subjects, showed that people have some incorrect beliefs about behavioral clues to deception. It was hypothesized that prisoners would have the best notion about clues of deception, due to the fact that they receive the most adequate feedback about successful deception strategies. The results supported this hypothesis

Drosophila errantiviruses

Retroelements with long-terminal repeats (LTRs) inhabit nearly all eukaryotic genomes. During the time of their rich evolutionary history they have developed highly diverse forms, ranging from ordinary retrotransposons to complex pathogenic retroviruses such as HIV-I. Errantiviruses are a group of insect endogenous LTR elements that share structural and functional features with vertebrate endogenous retroviruses. The errantiviruses illustrate one of the evolutionary strategies of retrotransposons to become infective, which together with their similarities to vertebrate retroviruses make them an attractive object of research promising to shed more light on the evolution of retroviruses

БЕСПЛОДИЕ КАК АСПЕКТ КАЧЕСТВА ЖИЗНИ ОНКОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ БОЛЬНЫХ

The paper analyzes the medical and social aspects of infertility in patients diagnosed as having cancer. It provides the populational characteristics of the patients seeking medical advice for infertility. An attempt has been made to study their life history to find out the possible causes of the disease. В статье проанализированы медицинские и социальные аспекты бесплодия применительно к больным с диагнозом «рак». Представлена популяционная характеристика пациентов, обращающихся с проблемой бесплодия, сделана попытка изучить их анамнез жизни для выяснения возможных причин развития заболевания.

Knowledge, science and death: the theory of brain-sign

In today’s paradigmatic climate, the possibility of knowledge, and therefore science, still depends upon our being conscious. However, no scientifically accepted account of consciousness exists. In recent years I have developed the theory of brain-sign which replaces consciousness as a wholly physical neural condition. The first tenet is that the brain is a causal organ, not a knowledge organ. The second is that brain-sign, used in inter-neural communication for uncertain or imprecise collective action, derives at each moment from the causal orientation of the brain. Signs are ubiquitous bio-physical entities. Thus there is no problematic dualism, consciousness and world. We now have two accounts of the brain phenomenon. The first (consciousness) is an inexplicable physical anomaly. The second (brain-sign) belongs in the physical universe, and fulfils a crucial neurobiological function. With brain-sign theory we even ‘discover’ that we do not know we are alive or will die