Antioxidant Biomarkers in Gammarus pulex to evaluate the Efficiency of Electrocoagulation Process in Landfill Leachate Treatment

The discharge of landfill leachate into the environment without effective treatment poses a serious threat for the aquatic ecosystems. This present study was undertaken to evaluate whether electrocoagulation process is efficient for treatment landfill leachate (LL) or not by using antioxidant biomarkers in Gammarus pulex. Glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) activities and malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) levels in G. pulex exposed to untreated, treated, and diluted rates 1/10 and 1/20 in both LL during 24 and 96 h were tested. Physiochemical characteristics of leachate (chemical oxygen demand, electrical conductivity, pH, phosphate, turbidity, NH3, Cl-, and color) were determined pre and post treatment. All physiochemical characteristics of LL decreased after treatment process. GSH-Px and CAT activities and GSH and MDA levels were increased in untreated groups when compared to control (p < 0.05). After treatment by electrocoagulation, MDA and GSH levels and CAT activities were returned to control values. In conclusion, the abilities of LL to stimulate oxidative stress in G. pulex have been proven. The results revealed that antioxidant parameters are useful biomarkers for determining the treatment efficiency of the electrocoagulation process

Investigation of Optimum Conditions for Efficient COD Reduction in Synthetic Sulfamethazine Solutions by Pleurotus eryngii var. ferulae using Response Surface Methodology,

This study aims to explore the optimum conditions for P. eryngii var. ferulae in adsorption of ulfamethazine (SM) from synthetic solutions via reduction of chemical oxygen demand (COD). The optimum conditions were optimized using the response surface methodology (RSM) developed by the application of the quadratic model associated with the central composite design. For this aim, RSM was employed to determine the effects of some parameters on this adsorption process by fungal biomass as an effective and available adsorbent. The investigated parameters were initial concentration of sulfamethazine (70–235 mg L−1), solution pH (3–7), adsorbent dosage (0.3–1.5 g), and contact time (5–25 min). The significant factors on each experimental design response were identified from the analysis of variance. The results of RSM analyzes revealed that optimum conditions of initial SM concentration, pH, adsorbent dosage, and contact time for maximum COD removal (82%) were achieved as 400 mg L−1, 11, 1.46 g, and 15.4 min, respectively. The results showed that dead biomass of P. eryngii var. ferulae were an appropriate adsorbent for the removal of COD in the SM medium from synthetic solutions

“Microbiological Pollution in Uzuncayir Dam Lake (Tunceli)”

Objective: In this study, the samples from ten various sites of Uzuncayir Dam Lake (Tunceli, Turkey) were microbiologically evaluated for the number of total and fecal coliform bacteria. Methods: Water samples (I 00 ml) were collected at ten various sites and sterile screw-capped glass bottles stored at 4 °C until analysis in the laboratory within 2 h and analyzed within one day. The number of total and fecal coli forms was performed by the most probable number (MPN) method. Statistical tables were used to interpret the results to give the MPN of the bacteria. MPN of coliforms determined using three replicate tubes containing lactose broth medium, double and single strengths were used for 1 0, I and 0.1 ml, respectively. The tubes were then incubated at 37°Cfor total coliforms and at 44°C for fecal coliforms during 48 h. The positive tubes were streaked on the Eosin Methylene Blue (EMB) agar plates using sterile loop and incubated at 37°C for 24 h.The formation ofgreen coloniesmetallicshowed the presenceof E. coli. Results and Discussion: The most widely accepted bacterial indicators of fecal pollution in water have been the coliform group of bacteria. In this study, microbial indicators of microbial pollution total coliform and fecal coliform were recorded as MPN/100 ml. Microbial pollution values found in water samples collected from the ten different sites inUzuncayir Dam Lake. The highest total coliform value (2:2400 MPN/100 ml) and the highest fecal coliform levels (2:2400 MPN/1 00 ml) were found in lake water collected from sites 6 and 8, respectively, while the lowest total coliform (75 MPN/100 ml) and the lowest fecal coliform (23 MPN/100 ml) were determined in samples from site 4. Level of microbiological pollution was determined according to the surface water quality standard which is declared in water pollution law (Turkey). Results indicated that quality of the water at some regions of the lake may be classified as class II whereas, at some regions where contamination is higher, it appeared to be class III

Antioxidant biomarkers in gammarus pulex to evaluate the efficiency of electrocoagulation process in landfill leachate treatment

The discharge of landfill leachate into the environment without effective treatment poses a serious threat for the aquatic ecosystems. This present study was undertaken to evaluate whether electrocoagulation process is efficient for treatment landfill leachate (LL) or not by using antioxidant biomarkers in Gammarus pulex. Glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) activities and malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) levels in G. pulex exposed to untreated, treated, and diluted rates 1/10 and 1/20 in both LL during 24 and 96 h were tested. Physiochemical characteristics of leachate (chemical oxygen demand, electrical conductivity, pH, phosphate, turbidity, NH3, Cl-, and color) were determined pre and post treatment. All physiochemical characteristics of LL decreased after treatment process. GSH-Px and CAT activities and GSH and MDA levels were increased in untreated groups when compared to control (p < 0.05). After treatment by electrocoagulation, MDA and GSH levels and CAT activities were returned to control values. In conclusion, the abilities of LL to stimulate oxidative stress in G. pulex have been proven. The results revealed that antioxidant parameters are useful biomarkers for determining the treatment efficiency of the electrocoagulation process