Subcritical and supercritical fluid extraction a critical review of its analytical usefulness

Subcritical R134a is suggested as a low-pressure alternative to supercritical CO2 in the supercritical fluid extraction technology in particular of palm oil application. Therefore, a measurement of solubility of palm oil in subcritical Rl34a will be carried out at temperatures of 40, 60, 70 and 80°C and pressures up to 300 bar. The solubility of carotene are also will be measured using UV Spectrophotometer. Results obtained from this study will be compared with the previous work and for the first time, simulation for the SFE process of palm oil will be performed using Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and it will be implemented in comparisons as well when the operating conditions of the previous findings are different from this study. It is expected that the solubility of the palm oil in subcritical Rl34a is much higher than SC-C02, and it is expected that R134a could be a viable alternative solvent to supercritical carbon dioxide as R134a could be perform well at a lower pressure used whereas can achieved a higher solubility compared to SC-C0

Pengaruh Pemberitaan Media Massa Dalam Gejolak Politik Terhadap Pembentukan Sikap Pemilih Pemula

This research is intended to investigate and explain the influence of the mass media in the flaming political of the beginner voters attitude formation. The method used in this research is a descriptive survey method with a quantitative approach and the correlation analysis techniques. The main technique in data collection is using questionnaire technique. Based on the research and analysis of the data showed : variable mass media in flaming political can be seen that out of 94 respondents have an influence of the mass media in the flaming political on 73,40%. The mass media with the value of actuality, factual, interesting and important that influence the attitude of the beginner voters of affective, cognitive and conative.Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui dan menjelaskan pengaruh pemberitaan media massa dalam gejolak politik terhadap pembentukan sikap pemilih pemula. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif survey dengan pendekatan kuantitatif dan dengan teknik analisis korelasi. Teknik pokok dalam pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik angket. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dan analisis data menunjukan: pemberitaan media massa dalam gejolak politik dari 94 responden ada pengaruh terhadap pembentukan sikap pemilih pemula sebesar 73,40%. pemberitaan media massa dengan nilai aktualitas, faktual, menarik dan penting yang mempengaruhi sikap pemilih pemula dalam sikap afektif, kognitif dan konatif

Antifungal activity of Boesenbergia rotunda (temukunci) extract against filamentous spoilage fungi from vegetables

The filamentous spoilage fungi in vegetables can lead to significant impact in food and economic loss. In order to overcome this problem, chemical fungicide has been implemented in vegetable farming and processing but it causes problems towards environment and food safety. Thus, the utilization of natural products such as plants extracts, which exhibit antimicrobial and antifungal activity, is more acceptable to solve this problem. The aim of this study is to investigate the antifungal activity of Boesenbergia rotunda extract against ten filamentous spoilage fungi isolated from five vegetables. The extract was used to treat fungal isolates from vegetables; CRb 002 (Penicillium sp.), CHa 009 (Aspergillus sp.), TMa 001 (Geotrichum sp.), TMa 002 (Aspergillus sp), ONb 001 (Aspergillus sp.), WBb 003 and WBb 004 (Fusarium sp.) WBb 007 (unidentified), WBb 008 (Aureobasidium sp.) and WBb 010 (Penicillium sp.). The results showed that the yield of the extract of B. rotunda using ethanol (95%) was 11.42% (w/v). The 10% of B. rotunda extract exhibited antifungal activities against ten filamentous fungi after 5 days treatment with growth reduction of 41.56%, 30.68%, 86.20%, 50.62%, 26.67%, 47.44%, 50.74%, 36.39%, 42.86%, and 39.39% for WBb 008, WBb 004, WBb 007, WBb 003, CRb 002, WBb 010, CHa 009, TMa 001, ONb 001, and TMa 002, respectively. B. rotunda extract showed highest antifungal activity against fungi isolated from winged bean (WBb 007) with percentage reduction in growth was 86.20%, while the lowest activity was against fungi isolated from the carrot (CRb 002) with 26.67% reduction in growth. Generally, the TPC of fungi in the vegetable samples were reduced after treatment with 5% of B. rotunda extract at 5 min and 10 min of exposure time. The results suggested that B. rotunda extract has high potential to become natural food preservative which can reduce the fungi spoilage of vegetables

Analisis Kandungan Flavanoid Daun Sambang Darah (Excoecaria cochinchinensis L)

Flavonoids are chemical compounds derived from plants which are a group of secondary metabolites. Flavonoids Flavonoid compounds are polyphenolic compounds that have 15 carbon atoms arranged in a C 6 -C 3 -C 6 configuration, namely two aromatic rings connected by 3 carbon atoms that can or cannot form a third ring. Flavonoids are widely distributed in angiosperms, gymnosperms, and pteridopites. These flavonoids provide physiological and pharmacological effects on living things. The purpose of this study was to identify the flavonoid compounds present in the leaf extract of the blood sambang plant (Excoecaria cochinchinensis L). In this study, a multilevel maceration extraction was used using n-hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol solvents and then the filtrate was evaporated using an evaporator. Positive phytochemical screening results indicated the presence of flavonoids in methanol extract and negative in n-hexane and ethyl acetate extracts. From the methanol extract, TLC was carried out with an eluent ratio of methanol ethyl acetate (8: 2), it was obtained the separation of two stains where one of the stains had the same Rf value as the Rf value of flavonoids, then performed a UV-Vis spectrophotometric analysis resulting in three absorption wavelengths, namely band I (350 nm) and band II (255 nm and 267 nm). the spectrum obtained is a class of flavone compounds

Pengaruh Ekstrak Tanaman Putri Malu (Mimosa Pudica Linn) terhadap Penurunan Kadar Glukosa Darah pada Mencit (Mus Musculus)

The research aim is to determine the effect of mimosa plant (mimosa pudica Linn) to reduce blood sugar levels in mice and determining the effective concentration of mimosa plant extracts as an alternative to decrease blood sugar levels. The extract is produced by the infusion method. The animal test used is male mice with amount 18 mice that induced by EDTA (ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid). Mice are divided into 6 groups randomly with different treatment. The group I, II, III and IV were given the mimosa plant extract with a concentration of 10, 20, 30, and 40% (w/v) respectively while group V is given glibenclamide suspension as positive control (+) and group VI is given Na-CMC 1% as negative control (-). Data were analyzed using the statistical test analysis of variance (ANOVA) and then followed by Duncan test. The results showed that the mimosa plant extract contains flavonoids, alkaloids, and tannins. In preclinical testing of mimosa plant extract proven to reduce blood sugar levels in mice and the most effective concentration is a concentration of 20% (w/v) with significantly α = 0.05

Effectiveness of Team-Based Learning-Inquiry Learning Tools on Online Learning

The learning process carried out online today is still less effective, which makes it difficult for students to understand the material and concepts being taught. The purpose of this study was to find out how effective the use of team-based learning-inquiry devices is in online learning with WhatsApp assisted and zoom meetings. The research was conducted at SMAN 1 Telaga Biru, and class X MIPA3 was selected as the research sample using simple random sampling. The results showed that the average percentage of student activity for four meetings after being implemented in team-based learning-inquiry tools reached 86.60%, with high criteria. In addition, there was an increase in student learning outcomes in the cognitive domain individually at the first and second meetings with an N-gain score of 0.71 and for the third and fourth meetings with an N-gain score of 0.74. In the cognitive domain as a group, at the first and second meetings, they achieved an N-gain score of 0.95, and at the third and fourth meetings, they obtained an N-gain of 1. The average student learning outcomes for the affective and psychomotor domains during the four meetings reached 86.60% and 86.61%, with a high category. This study concludes that the physics learning device developed with the team-based learning model is effective in increasing students' activities and learning outcomes in physics

Curvature sensor utilizing evanescent field propagation via microfibers

In this study, we introduce curvature optical fiber sensor utilizing high sensitivity microfiber having a potential for pipeline monitoring system. The size of standard single mode fibers was narrowed down to different sizes with diameters of 10, 15 and 20 µm. Meanwhile, the up and down tapers were maintained at 2 mm, each, with waist lengths, were fixed at 15 mm, each. In this work, the microfibers with 15 and 20 µm of diameter sizes were able to detect a high bending sensitivity with the response of 3.4 nm/m−1 and 4.92 nm/m−1 by using an optical spectrum analyzer with 0.02 nm of optical resolution. This strategy is beneficial and practical in contrast to the ordinary system of utilizing a couple of hundred km ultrasonic long-range for pipeline monitoring. The proposed design can be permanently conceived in the pipeline to reduce the cost to achieve areas which require rehashed examinations

Development of automatic feeding machine for aquaculture industry

Aquaculture is a growing industry with a great potential towards the contribution of the country’s total fish requirement. Serious efforts have been done to develop and improve the production of fish by rearing high value fish in tanks or ponds. Under the Third National Agricultural Policy (1998-2010), the target is to annually produce 1.93 million tonnes of fish worth approximately RM8.3 billion by the year 2010. Consequently, the development of an automatic fish feeding machine can be very beneficial to the growth of the aquaculture industry. This device was developed to overcome labour problems in the industry and introduce a semi-automatic process in the aquaculture industry. It has the ability to dispense dried fish food in various forms such as pellets, sticks, tablets or granules into fish tanks or ponds in a controlled manner for a stipulated time. The automatic fish feeder is controlled by a digital timer and it is capable of feeding the fish in accordance with a pre-determined time schedule without the presence of an operator, and at a feeding rate of 250g/min. The feeder can be adjusted to the desired height and conveniently moved around to be positioned adjacent to the pond or tank. Meanwhile, its hopper can be covered and easily dissembled to change the size of the hopper to accommodate different capacities of feed. This automatic fish feeder can be implemented in aquaculture system to convenience to fish culturists

Analisis Kadar Glukosa pada Nasi Putih dan Nasi Jagung dengan Menggunakan Metode Spektronik 20

Study on the main content of carbohydrates in rice and corn has been done. This study aims to determine the glucose level in a mixture of corn and rice with a certain ratio prior and during storage in a rice cooker. Spectronic 20 was used in this study to measure the absorption wavelength of sample solutions. Samples used in this study were from rice and sweet corn (Zea mays L. Saccharata) in various ratios of 1:0, 0:1, 1:1, 1:2, 2:1, 3:1 and 1:3, and variations in storage of 0, 1, 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, and 36 hours. The results showed that the highest glucose level in corn were of 32.250 ppm within 12 hours storage, and 40.447 ppm in rice for 12 hours storage. The highest level of glucose in mixture of corn and rice for 12 hours storage was 67.546 ppm at a ratio of 1 : 3