Relationship of the level of knowledge regarding essential intrapartum and newborn care and utilization of healthcare facilities of mothers 18-35 years old living in Barangay Zone 1, Dasmarinas City, Cavite in 2013 : a cohort study

This study utilized a cohort research design. Sixty six (66) mothers ages 18-35 years old were selected using simple random sampling and asked to answere a questionnaire adapted from Saving Newborn Lives: Care of the Newborn Training Guide by the Save the Children Federation published in 2005. Data was analyzed through frequency, percentage and Chi-square test. Based on the results of the study, 45 mothers used public health care facilities (31.82%). Majority of the respondents were high school graduates with 1-2 children. More than half of the mothers included in the study where Philhealth non-members. The study concluded that the risk ratio or relative risk was 0.5 with p-value of 0.0001372071 (0.3389, 0.7378) indicating an association between the level of knowledge regarding essential intrapartum and newborn care and postnatal utilization of health care facilities. All of the respondents used health care facilities. All of the respondents used health care facilities for newborn care; they differed on whether they seek health care from public or private health care facilities. Adequate knowledge was deemed protective; mothers with adequate knowledge were more likely to utilize health care facilities postpartum than those with inadequate knowledge

The Magmatic Gas Signature of Pacaya Volcano, With Implications for the Volcanic CO2Flux From Guatemala

Pacaya volcano in Guatemala is one of the most active volcanoes of the Central American Volcanic Arc (CAVA). However, its magmatic gas signature and volatile output have received little attention to date. Here, we present novel volcanic gas information from in-situ (Multi-GAS) and remote (UV camera) plume observations in January 2016. We find in-plume H2O/SO2and CO2/SO2ratios of 2-20 and 0.6-10.5, and an end-member magmatic gas signature of 80.5 mol. % H2O, 10.4 mol. % CO2, and 9.0 mol. % SO2. The SO2flux is evaluated at 885 ± 550 tons/d. This, combined with co-acquired volcanic plume composition, leads to H2O and CO2fluxes of 2,230 ± 1,390 and 700 ± 440, and a total volatile flux of ∼3,800 tons/d. We use these results in tandem with previous SO2flux budgets for Fuego and Santiaguito to estimate the total volcanic CO2flux from Guatemala at ∼1,160 ± 600 tons/day. This calculation is based upon CO2/total S (St) ratios for Fuego (1.5 ± 0.75) and Santiaguito (1.4 ± 0.75) inferred from a gas (CO2/Stratio) versus trace-element (Ba/La ratio) CAVA relationship. The H2O-poor and low CO2/Stratio (∼1.0-1.5) signature of Pacaya gas suggests dominant mantle-wedge derivation of the emitted volatiles. This is consistent with3He/4He ratios in olivine hosted fluid inclusions (FIs), which range between 8.4 and 9.0 Ra (being Ra the atmospheric3He/4He ratio) at the upper limit of MORB range (8 ± 1 Ra). These values are the highest ever measured in CAVA and among the highest ever recorded in arc volcanoes worldwide, indicating negligible4He contributions from the crust/slab