PENGARUH PENYULUHAN KESEHATAN TERHADAP PERILAKU PELAJAR DALAM PENCEGAHAN DEMAM BERDARAH DENGUE (DBD) DI SMK KRISTEN EL’FATAH MANADO

Latar Belakang: Penyakit Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) merupakan salah satu penyakit menular yang sampai saat ini masih menjadi masalah kesehatan masyarakat di dunia termasuk Indonesia, sering muncul sebagai kejadian luar biasa dan menimbulkan keresahan di masyarakat kerena menyebar dengan cepat dan tidak jarang dapat menyebabkan kematian. Demam berdarah adalah penyakit akut yang disebabkan oleh virus dengue yang masuk ke peredaran darah manusia melalui gigitan nyamuk Aedes aegypti dan Aedes albopictus. Pengetahuan, sikap dan tindakan merupakan faktor yang banyak mempengaruhi Demam Berdarah dengue karena pengetahuan, sikap dan tindakan adalah hal yang dimiliki oleh masyarakat, sehingga pada dasarnya masyarakatlah yang memiliki peranan yang paling besar untuk mengurangi kasus Demam Berdarah Dengue.Tujuan: Untuk menganalisis apakah ada perubahan perilaku terhadap pelajar dalam pencegahan demam berdarah dengue di SMK Kristen El’Fatah Manado. Metode: Penelitian kuantitatif dengan menggunakan true eksperiment design pretest-posttest. Populasi pada penelitian ini adalah seluruh pelajar kelas XI, XII di SMK Kristen El’ Fatah Manado yang berjumlah 73 orang. Hasil: Untuk pelajar yang tidak dilakukan penyuluhan (kontrol)  tidak terdapat pengaruh pada variabel pengetahuan, sikap dan tindakan dapat dilihat bahwa nilai p.value sebesar 1,000 dan untuk pelajar yang dilakukan penyuluhan (eksperimen) terdapat pengaruh pada variabel pengetahuan, sikap dan tindakan dengan nilai p.value 0,000. Kesimpulan: Ada pengaruh penyuluhan kesehatan terhadap perilaku pelajar dalam pencegahan demam berdarah dengue (DBD) di SMK Kristen El’Fatah Manado Kata kunci : Pengetahuan, Sikap, Tindakan dan Pencegahan DBD ABSTRACTBackground: Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is a contagious disease that is still a public health problem in the world including Indonesia, often appears as an extraordinary event and cause unrest in the community because it spreads quickly and not infrequently can cause death. Dengue fever is an acute disease caused by dengue virus that enters human blood circulation through the bite of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes. Knowledge, attitudes and actions are many factors that influence dengue hemorrhagic fever because knowledge, attitudes and actions are things that are owned by the community, so that basically the community has the biggest role in reducing the case of dengue hemorrhagic fever. The purpose of this study: To analyze whether there is a change in behavior towards students in the prevention of dengue hemorrhagic fever at the El'Fatah Christian Vocational School in Manado. Research methods: Quantitative research using true experimental design pretest-posttest. The population in this study were all students of class XI, XII at El ’Fatah Christian Vocational School in Manado, amounting to 73 people. Results of the study: For students who are not treatment (control) there is no influence on the variables of knowledge, attitudes and actions can be seen that the p.value is 1,000 and for students who do treatment (experiment) there is an influence on the variables of knowledge, attitudes and actions with p values. value of 0,00. Conclusion: There is an influence of health education on student behavior in the prevention of dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) in the El'Fatah Christian Vocational School in Manado Keywords: Knowledge, Attitude, Action and Prevention of DH

Correlation between pulsatility index of medial cerebri artery and cognitive function in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2

Background: Cognitive impairment is prevalent among cerebrovascular disease (CVD). Diabetes mellitus type 2 (DMT2) is a major risk factor of CVD. Gold standard used for diagnosing vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) required a combination of neurophysiological approach and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The Neurosonological approach, involving measuring the pulsatility index (PI) of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) using Trans Cranial Doppler (TCD) could be applied as an affordable alternative to predict VCI. The objective of this study was to revealed the correlation between PI MCS and cognitive function among DMT2 patients.Methods: This study was a cross-sectional survey in patients with DMT2 visiting Neurology and Endocrine Outpatient Clinics at Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado General Hospital, who meet the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Sixty (60) subjects were examined by TCD with 2 MHz to assess the hypo-perfusion level. Their cognitive were assessed with the Indonesian version of Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCa-Ina).Results: Right and left MCA median PI was 1.1 (IQR 0.9-1.4) and 1.0 (IQR 0.9-1.2) consecutively. MoCa-Ina median score was approximately 25 (IQR 22-26). Boxplot graph showed left PI MCA median score was higher in patients with normal cognitive function compared with cognitive impairment. Authors could not reach any significant statistical difference between PI MCA score and its correlation with cognitive function (p>0.05).Conclusions: Majority of patients with DMT2 have PI MCA score within normal range. Cognitive function among patient with DMT2 was mostly impaired. There is no correlation between PI MCA with cognitive function of patients with DMT2

HUBUNGAN DUKUNGAN KELUARGA DAN TEKNOLOGI INFORMASI DENGAN PENGETAHUAN SEKS PRANIKAH REMAJA GMIM EBEN HAEZER TATELU KABUPATEN MINAHASA UTARA

Dukungan keluarga adalah perlakuan yang diberikan kepada salah satu anggota keluarga. Teknologi Informasi adalah suatu media yang dapat menyampaikan infrmasi. Seks pranikah remaja adalah salah satu kenakalan remaja yang dilakukan tanpa adanya hubungan pernikahan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini Untuk menganalisis hubungan dukungan keluarga dan teknologi informasi dengan pengetahuan seks pranikah remaja GMIM Eben Haezer Tatelu Kabupaten Minahasa Utara, Jenis penelitian ini penelitian survei analitik, dengan rancangan Cross Sectional (studi potong lintang), Penelitian ini dilakukan Tatelu pada bulan April-Mei 2020. Berdasarkan penelitian yang dilakukan Tidak ada hubungan antara dukungan keluarga dengan pengetahuan seks pranikah (0,06>0.05). Ada hubungan antara teknologi informasi  dengan pengetahuan seks pranikah (0,05=0.05). Terdapat pengaruh penyuluhan jajanan sehat terhadap pengetahuan dan sikap siswa di SMP. Bagi para remaja diharapkan untuk dapat aktif dalam mencari informasi yang positif dari bebagai media yang ada sehingga pelajar memiliki pengetahuan dan pemahaman yang tinggi tentang seks pranikah agar dapat terhindar dari risiko dan dampak yang ditimbulkan oleh seks pranikah. Kata kunci : Dukungan keluarga, Teknologi Informasi, Seks pranikah ABSTRACT Family support is the treatment given to one family member. Information Technology is a medium that can convey information. Adolescent premarital sex is one of juvenile delinquency which is carried out without a marriage relationship. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between family support and information technology with premarital sex knowledge of teenagers GMIM Eben Haezer Tatelu, North Minahasa Regency. May 2020. Based on research conducted There is no relationship between family support with premarital sex knowledge (0.06> 0.05). There is a relationship between information technology with premarital sex knowledge (0.05 = 0.05). There is an influence of counseling healthy snacks on the knowledge and attitudes of students in junior high school. Teenagers are expected to be active in finding positive information from various media so that students have high knowledge and understanding of premarital sex in order to avoid the risks and impacts of premarital sex. Keywords: Family support, Information Technology, Premarital sex

Individual contribution of metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGlu) 2 and 3 to c-Fos expression pattern evoked by mGlu2/3 antagonism

Objectives and materials and methods: The aims of the present study were (1) to determine the neuronal activation pattern elicited by the group II mGlu antagonist LY341495 and (2) to evaluate the contribution of each group II mGlu subtype by using wild-type (WT) and knockout (KO) mice lacking either mGlu2 or mGlu3. c-Fos expression was used as a marker of neuronal activation. Results and discussion: In WT mice, LY341495 induced widespread c-Fos expression in 68 out of 92 brain areas, including limbic areas such as the amygdala, septum, prefrontal cortex, and hippocampus. LY341495-induced c-Fos response was markedly decreased in the medial part of the central amygdala (CeM) and lateral septum (LS) in mGlu3-KO mice, as well as in the lateral parabrachial nucleus (LPB) in both KO strains. In the majority of investigated areas, LY341495-induced c-Fos expression was similar in KO and WT mice. Analysis of the cellular and subcellular distribution of mGlu2 and mGlu3 revealed a prevailing presence of mGlu3-immunoreactivity in the CeM in glial processes and in postsynapstic neuronal elements, whereas only rare presynaptic axon terminals were found immunoreactive for mGlu2. Conclusion: In conclusion, our data indicate that group II mGlu blockade increases neuronal activation in a variety of brain areas, including many stress- and anxiety-related areas. The activation of two key brain areas, the CeM and LS, is mediated via mGlu3, while activation in the LPB involves both subtypes. Moreover, in the majority of investigated areas, LY341495-mediated neuronal activation appears to require a complex cross talk between group II mGlu subtypes or the action of LY341495 on additional receptors. © 2008 The Author(s)

Cellular and Molecular Features of Developmentally Programmed Genome Rearrangement in a Vertebrate (Sea Lamprey: \u3cem\u3ePetromyzon marinus\u3c/em\u3e)

The sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) represents one of the few vertebrate species known to undergo large-scale programmatic elimination of genomic DNA over the course of its normal development. Programmed genome rearrangements (PGRs) result in the reproducible loss of ~20% of the genome from somatic cell lineages during early embryogenesis. Studies of PGR hold the potential to provide novel insights related to the maintenance of genome stability during the cell cycle and coordination between mechanisms responsible for the accurate distribution of chromosomes into daughter cells, yet little is known regarding the mechanistic basis or cellular context of PGR in this or any other vertebrate lineage. Here we identify epigenetic silencing events that are associated with the programmed elimination of DNA and describe the spatiotemporal dynamics of PGR during lamprey embryogenesis. In situ analyses reveal that the earliest DNA methylation (and to some extent H3K9 trimethylation) events are limited to specific extranuclear structures (micronuclei) containing eliminated DNA. During early embryogenesis a majority of micronuclei (~60%) show strong enrichment for repressive chromatin modifications (H3K9me3 and 5meC). These analyses also led to the discovery that eliminated DNA is packaged into chromatin that does not migrate with somatically retained chromosomes during anaphase, a condition that is superficially similar to lagging chromosomes observed in some cancer subtypes. Closer examination of “lagging” chromatin revealed distributions of repetitive elements, cytoskeletal contacts and chromatin contacts that provide new insights into the cellular mechanisms underlying the programmed loss of these segments. Our analyses provide additional perspective on the cellular and molecular context of PGR, identify new structures associated with elimination of DNA and reveal that PGR is completed over the course of several successive cell divisions

Cellular and Molecular Features of Developmentally Programmed Genome Rearrangement in a Vertebrate (Sea Lamprey: \u3cem\u3ePetromyzon marinus\u3c/em\u3e)

The sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) represents one of the few vertebrate species known to undergo large-scale programmatic elimination of genomic DNA over the course of its normal development. Programmed genome rearrangements (PGRs) result in the reproducible loss of ~20% of the genome from somatic cell lineages during early embryogenesis. Studies of PGR hold the potential to provide novel insights related to the maintenance of genome stability during the cell cycle and coordination between mechanisms responsible for the accurate distribution of chromosomes into daughter cells, yet little is known regarding the mechanistic basis or cellular context of PGR in this or any other vertebrate lineage. Here we identify epigenetic silencing events that are associated with the programmed elimination of DNA and describe the spatiotemporal dynamics of PGR during lamprey embryogenesis. In situ analyses reveal that the earliest DNA methylation (and to some extent H3K9 trimethylation) events are limited to specific extranuclear structures (micronuclei) containing eliminated DNA. During early embryogenesis a majority of micronuclei (~60%) show strong enrichment for repressive chromatin modifications (H3K9me3 and 5meC). These analyses also led to the discovery that eliminated DNA is packaged into chromatin that does not migrate with somatically retained chromosomes during anaphase, a condition that is superficially similar to lagging chromosomes observed in some cancer subtypes. Closer examination of “lagging” chromatin revealed distributions of repetitive elements, cytoskeletal contacts and chromatin contacts that provide new insights into the cellular mechanisms underlying the programmed loss of these segments. Our analyses provide additional perspective on the cellular and molecular context of PGR, identify new structures associated with elimination of DNA and reveal that PGR is completed over the course of several successive cell divisions

Topology and Regulation of the Human eIF4A/4G/4H Helicase Complex in Translation Initiation

SummaryThe RNA helicase eIF4A plays a key role in unwinding of mRNA and scanning during translation initiation. Free eIF4A is a poor helicase and requires the accessory proteins eIF4G and eIF4H. However, the structure of the helicase complex and the mechanisms of stimulation of eIF4A activity have remained elusive. Here we report the topology of the eIF4A/4G/4H helicase complex, which is built from multiple experimentally observed domain-domain contacts. Remarkably, some of the interactions are continuously rearranged during the ATP binding/hydrolysis cycle of the helicase. We show that the accessory proteins modulate the affinity of eIF4A for ATP by interacting simultaneously with both helicase domains and promoting either the closed, ATP-bound conformation or the open, nucleotide-free conformation. The topology of the complex and the spatial arrangement of the RNA-binding surfaces offer insights into their roles in stimulation of helicase activity and the mechanisms of mRNA unwinding and scanning

Highly conserved molecular pathways, including Wnt signaling, promote functional recovery from spinal cord injury in lampreys

© The Author(s), 2018. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Scientific Reports 8 (2018): 742, doi:10.1038/s41598-017-18757-1.In mammals, spinal cord injury (SCI) leads to dramatic losses in neurons and synaptic connections, and consequently function. Unlike mammals, lampreys are vertebrates that undergo spontaneous regeneration and achieve functional recovery after SCI. Therefore our goal was to determine the complete transcriptional responses that occur after SCI in lampreys and to identify deeply conserved pathways that promote regeneration. We performed RNA-Seq on lamprey spinal cord and brain throughout the course of functional recovery. We describe complex transcriptional responses in the injured spinal cord, and somewhat surprisingly, also in the brain. Transcriptional responses to SCI in lampreys included transcription factor networks that promote peripheral nerve regeneration in mammals such as Atf3 and Jun. Furthermore, a number of highly conserved axon guidance, extracellular matrix, and proliferation genes were also differentially expressed after SCI in lampreys. Strikingly, ~3% of differentially expressed transcripts belonged to the Wnt pathways. These included members of the Wnt and Frizzled gene families, and genes involved in downstream signaling. Pharmacological inhibition of Wnt signaling inhibited functional recovery, confirming a critical role for this pathway. These data indicate that molecular signals present in mammals are also involved in regeneration in lampreys, supporting translational relevance of the model.We gratefully acknowledge support from the National Institutes of Health (R03NS078519 to OB; R01GM104123 to JJS; R01NS078165 to JRM), The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research and The Marine Biological Laboratory, including the Charles Evans Foundation Research Award, the Albert and Ellen Grass Foundation Faculty Research Award, and The Eugene and Millicent Bell Fellowship Fund in Tissue Engineering