81 research outputs found
Freiwilligenengagement im Gesundheits- und Pflegebereich: Ein Critical Review ĂŒber Assessmentinstrumente
Zusammenfassung: Hintergrund: In der Versorgung betreuungs- bzw. pflegebedĂŒrftiger Menschen bestehen ein wachsender Bedarf an Freiwilligen sowie hohe Anforderungen. Dies erfordert nachhaltige Strategien zur Personalrekrutierung, -bindung und QualitĂ€tssicherung, zu denen Assessment-Instrumente (AI) als Informations- und Planungsgrundlage beitragen können. Ziel des Critical Review ist es, alle vorhandenen AI zu identifizieren und nach DomĂ€nen, Zielgruppen und GĂŒtekriterien zu analysieren und kritisch einzuschĂ€tzen. Methode: Eine systematische Recherche mit interdisziplinĂ€rem Fokus wurde in Medline, CINAHL und PsycINFO sowie weiteren sozialwissenschaftlichen Datenbanken durchgefĂŒhrt. Anhand definierter Kriterien wurden daraus 12Studien selektiert, deren Analyse zu einem Critical Review zusammengefasst wurde. Ergebnisse: Insgesamt konnten 15AI, 13DomĂ€nen (z.B. Motivation, Zufriedenheit) und 4Zielgruppen identifiziert werden. Am hĂ€ufigsten ist die DomĂ€ne Motivation und die Zielgruppe Freiwillige in der Hospiz/Palliativ Care vertreten. Mit keinem Instrument kann ein Spektrum an DomĂ€nen und Zielgruppen in solcher Breite erfasst werden, wie sie fĂŒr den praktischen Einsatz Freiwilliger im hĂ€uslichen "care setting" notwendig ist. Schlussfolgerung: Es ist möglich und fĂŒr das Freiwilligenmanagement in diesem sehr spezifischen Bereich notwendig, angemessene und umfassende AI zu entwickeln
Fate of internal waves on a shallow shelf
Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2020. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans 125(5), (2020): e2019JC015377, doi:10.1029/2019JC015377.Internal waves strongly influence the physical and chemical environment of coastal ecosystems worldwide. We report novel observations from a distributed temperature sensing (DTS) system that tracked the transformation of internal waves from the shelf break to the surf zone over a narrow shelf slope region in the South China Sea. The spatially continuous view of temperature fields provides a perspective of physical processes commonly available only in laboratory settings or numerical models, including internal wave reflection off a natural slope, shoreward transport of dense fluid within trapped cores, and observations of internal rundown (nearâbed, offshoreâdirected jets of water preceding a breaking internal wave). Analysis shows that the fate of internal waves on this shelfâwhether transmitted into shallow waters or reflected back offshoreâis mediated by local water column density structure and background currents set by the previous shoaling internal waves, highlighting the importance of waveâwave interactions in nearshore internal wave dynamics.We are grateful for the support of the Dongsha Atoll Research Station (DARS) and the Dongsha Atoll Marine National Park, whose efforts made this research possible. The authors would also like to thank A. Hall, S. Tyler, and J. Selker from the Center for Transformative Environmental Monitoring Programs (CTEMPs) funded by the National Science Foundation (EAR awards 1440596 and 1440506), G. Lohmann from WHOI, A. Safaie from UC Irvine, G. Wong, L. Hou, F. Shiah, and K. Lee from Academia Sinica for providing logistical and field support, as well as E. Pawlak, S. Lentz, B. Sanders, and S. Grant for equipment, and B. Raubenheimer, S. Elgar, R. Walter and D. Lucas for informative discussions that improved this work. We acknowledge the US Army Research Laboratory DoD Supercomputing Resource Center for computer time on Excalibur, which was used for the numerical simulations in this work. Funding for this work supported by Academia Sinica and for K.D. and E.R. from NSFâOCE 1753317 and for O.F., J.R., and R.A. from ONR Grant 1182789â1âTDZZM. A portion of this work (R.A.) was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DEâAC52â07NA27344.2020-10-2
Long-term Earth-Moon evolution with high-level orbit and ocean tide models
Tides and EarthâMoon system evolution are coupled over geological time. Tidal energy dissipation on Earth slows [Formula: see text] rotation rate, increases obliquity, lunar orbit semiâmajor axis and eccentricity, and decreases lunar inclination. Tidal and coreâmantle boundary dissipation within the Moon decrease inclination, eccentricity and semiâmajor axis. Here we integrate the EarthâMoon system backwards for 4.5Â Ga with orbital dynamics and explicit ocean tide models that are âhighâlevelâ (i.e., not idealized). To account for uncertain plate tectonic histories, we employ Monte Carlo simulations, with tidal energy dissipation rates (normalized relative to astronomical forcing parameters) randomly selected from ocean tide simulations with modern ocean basin geometry and with 55, 116, and 252Â Ma reconstructed basin paleogeometries. The normalized dissipation rates depend upon basin geometry and [Formula: see text] rotation rate. Faster Earth rotation generally yields lower normalized dissipation rates. The Monte Carlo results provide a spread of possible early values for the EarthâMoon system parameters. Of consequence for ocean circulation and climate, absolute (unânormalized) ocean tidal energy dissipation rates on the early Earth may have exceeded [Formula: see text] rate due to a closer Moon. Prior to [Formula: see text] , evolution of inclination and eccentricity is dominated by tidal and coreâmantle boundary dissipation within the Moon, which yield high lunar orbit inclinations in the early EarthâMoon system. A drawback for our results is that the semiâmajor axis does not collapse to nearâzero values at 4.5Â Ga, as indicated by most lunar formation models. Additional processes, missing from our current efforts, are discussed as topics for future investigation
HCV IRES manipulates the ribosome to promote the switch from translation initiation to elongation.
The internal ribosome entry site (IRES) of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) drives noncanonical initiation of protein synthesis necessary for viral replication. Functional studies of the HCV IRES have focused on 80S ribosome formation but have not explored its role after the 80S ribosome is poised at the start codon. Here, we report that mutations of an IRES domain that docks in the 40S subunit's decoding groove cause only a local perturbation in IRES structure and result in conformational changes in the IRES-rabbit 40S subunit complex. Functionally, the mutations decrease IRES activity by inhibiting the first ribosomal translocation event, and modeling results suggest that this effect occurs through an interaction with a single ribosomal protein. The ability of the HCV IRES to manipulate the ribosome provides insight into how the ribosome's structure and function can be altered by bound RNAs, including those derived from cellular invaders
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Self-Consistent Multiscale Theory of Internal Wave, Mean-Flow Interactions
This is the final report of a three-year, Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) project at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL). The research reported here produced new effective ways to solve multiscale problems in nonlinear fluid dynamics, such as turbulent flow and global ocean circulation. This was accomplished by first developing new methods for averaging over random or rapidly varying phases in nonlinear systems at multiple scales. We then used these methods to derive new equations for analyzing the mean behavior of fluctuation processes coupled self consistently to nonlinear fluid dynamics. This project extends a technology base relevant to a variety of multiscale problems in fluid dynamics of interest to the Laboratory and applies this technology to those problems. The project's theoretical and mathematical developments also help advance our understanding of the scientific principles underlying the control of complex behavior in fluid dynamical systems with strong spatial and temporal internal variability
The formation and fate of internal waves in the South China Sea
Internal gravity waves, the subsurface analogue of the familiar surface gravity waves that break on beaches, are ubiquitous in the ocean. Because of their strong vertical and horizontal currents, and the turbulent mixing caused by their breaking, they affect a panoply of ocean processes, such as the supply of nutrients for photosynthesis1, sediment and pollutant transport2 and acoustic transmission3; they also pose hazards for man-made structures in the ocean4. Generated primarily by the wind and the tides, internal waves can travel thousands of kilometres from their sources before breaking5, making it challenging to observe them and to include them in numerical climate models, which are sensitive to their effects6,7. For over a decade, studies8-11 have targeted the South China Sea, where the oceans' most powerful known internal waves are generated in the Luzon Strait and steepen dramatically as they propagate west. Confusion has persisted regarding their mechanism of generation, variability and energy budget, however, owing to the lack of in situ data from the Luzon Strait, where extreme flow conditions make measurements difficult. Here we use new observations and numerical models to (1) show that the waves begin as sinusoidal disturbances rather than arising from sharp hydraulic phenomena, (2) reveal the existence of >200-metre-high breaking internal waves in the region of generation that give rise to turbulence levels >10,000 times that in the open ocean, (3) determine that the Kuroshio western boundary current noticeably refracts the internal wave field emanating from the Luzon Strait, and (4) demonstrate a factor-of-two agreement between modelled and observed energy fluxes, which allows us to produce an observationally supported energy budget of the region. Together, these findings give a cradle-to-grave picture of internal waves on a basin scale, which will support further improvements of their representation in numerical climate predictions
The formation and fate of internal waves in the South China Sea
Author Posting. © The Author(s), 2015. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of Nature Publishing Group for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Nature 521 (2015): 65-69, doi:10.1038/nature14399.Internal gravity waves, the subsurface analogue of the familiar surface gravity
waves that break on beaches, are ubiquitous in the ocean. Because of their strong vertical and horizontal currents, and the turbulent mixing caused by their
breaking, they impact a panoply of ocean processes, such as the supply of nutrients
for photosynthesis1, sediment and pollutant transport2 and acoustic transmission3;
they also pose hazards for manmade structures in the ocean4. Generated primarily
by the wind and the tides, internal waves can travel thousands of kilometres from
their sources before breaking5, posing severe challenges for their observation and
their inclusion in numerical climate models, which are sensitive to their effects6-7.
Over a decade of studies8-11 have targeted the South China Sea, where the oceansâ
most powerful internal waves are generated in the Luzon Strait and steepen
dramatically as they propagate west. Confusion has persisted regarding their
generation mechanism, variability and energy budget, however, due to the lack of
in-situ data from the Luzon Strait, where extreme flow conditions make
measurements challenging. Here we employ new observations and numerical
models to (i) show that the waves begin as sinusoidal disturbances rather than
from sharp hydraulic phenomena, (ii) reveal the existence of >200-m-high
breaking internal waves in the generation region that give rise to turbulence levels
>10,000 times that in the open ocean, (iii) determine that the Kuroshio western
boundary current significantly refracts the internal wave field emanating from the
Luzon Strait, and (iv) demonstrate a factor-of-two agreement between modelled
and observed energy fluxes that enables the first observationally-supported energy
budget of the region. Together, these findings give a cradle-to-grave picture of
internal waves on a basin scale, which will support further improvements of their
representation in numerical climate predictions.Our work was supported by the U.S. Office of Naval Research and
the Taiwan National Science Council.2015-10-2
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The formation and fate of internal waves in the South China Sea
Internal gravity waves, the subsurface analogue of the familiar
surface gravity waves that break on beaches, are ubiquitous in
the ocean. Because of their strong vertical and horizontal currents,
and the turbulent mixing caused by their breaking, they affect a
panoply of ocean processes, such as the supply of nutrients for
photosynthesisÂč, sediment and pollutant transportÂČ and acoustic
transmissionÂł; they also pose hazards for man-made structures in
the oceanâŽ. Generated primarily by the wind and the tides, internal
waves can travel thousands of kilometres from their sources before
breakingâ”, making it challenging to observe them and to include
them in numerical climate models, which are sensitive to their
effects[superscript 6,7]. For over a decade, studies[superscript 8â11] have targeted the South
China Sea, where the oceansâ most powerful known internal waves
are generated in the Luzon Strait and steepen dramatically as they
propagate west. Confusion has persisted regarding their mechanism
of generation, variability and energy budget, however,
owing to the lack of in situ data from the Luzon Strait, where
extreme flow conditions make measurements difficult. Here we
use new observations and numerical models to (1) show that the
waves begin as sinusoidal disturbances rather than arising from
sharp hydraulic phenomena, (2) reveal the existence of >200-metre-high breaking internal waves in the region of generation
that give rise to turbulence levels >10,000 times that in the open
ocean, (3) determine that the Kuroshio western boundary current
noticeably refracts the internal wave field emanating from the
Luzon Strait, and (4) demonstrate a factor-of-two agreement
between modelled and observed energy fluxes, which allows us to
produce an observationally supported energy budget of the region.
Together, these findings give a cradle-to-grave picture of internal
waves on a basin scale, which will support further improvements of
their representation in numerical climate predictions
Freiwilligenengagement in pflegenahen Caresettings. Zur Bedeutung von Assessmentinstrumenten in der Koordination von Freiwilligen: eine kritische Analyse vorhandener Instrumente
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