Configuración Software de la directividad de arrays lineales

A line array can be defined as a column of loudspeakers that is designed so that these work together to achieve a higher directivity. This paper presents an application that enables a user to rotate the wavefront of uniform line arrays. Theoretical background and details of the implementation are provided. The validity of the application is tested with measurements of the directivity that are also compared with simulations.Este trabajo ha sido financiado Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech y el grupo de investigación Aplicación de las Tecnologías de la Información y Comunicaciones (PAI TIC-208)

A comparison of 3 different unilateral strength training strategies to enhance jumping performance and decrease interlimb asymmetries in soccer players

Purpose: This study compared the effects of performing different unilateral strength training interventions on unilateral and bilateral jumping performance and their related asymmetries in young soccer players. Methods: Forty-five male young (U-17) soccer players were randomly assigned to three eccentric overload training programs: The first group executed the same volume with both legs starting with the weaker leg (SVW, n=15), the second group carried out the double volume with the weaker leg and also starting with the weaker leg (DVW, n=15), and the third group performed the same volume with both legs starting with the stronger leg (SVS, n=15). Jumping performance assessment included a single-leg horizontal jump test, a triple single-leg horizontal jump test, a bilateral countermovement (CMJ) jump test and unilateral countermovement jump test. Asymmetries were also analyzed in the unilateral jumping tests. Results: CMJ was improved (effect size [ES]: 0.27-0.48) and CMJ asymmetry was possibly reduced (ES: 0.08-0.24) in all groups. Substantial improvements were found in triple hop (ES: 0.52-0.71) in SVW and DVW, and triple hop asymmetry was substantially decreased (ES: 0.88) in DVW. Between-group analysis showed a substantial better performance in triple hop and horizontal hop with right leg in SVW and DVW compared to SVS. Conclusions: Unilateral strength training programs were shown to substantially improve bilateral jumping performance, while unilateral jumping was substantially enhanced in those groups that started the training session with the weaker leg. Finally, between-limbs asymmetries in the triple hop were mainly reduced through performing the double volume with the weaker leg

Development and validation of a radial variable geometry turbine model for transient pulsating flow applications

This paper presents the development and validation of a one-dimensional radial turbine model able to be used in automotive turbocharger simulations. The model has been validated using results from a numerical 3D CFD simulation of stationary and pulsating flow in a variable geometry radial turbine. As the CFD analysis showed, the main non-quasi-steady behavior of the turbine is due to the volute geometry, so special care was taken in order to properly model it while maintaining low computational costs. The flow in the volute has been decomposed in its radial and azimuthal direction. The azimuthal flow corresponds to the flow moving along the volute, while the radial flow is computed by coupling its flow with a stator model. Although the stator caused fewer accumulation effects than the volute, a small accumulation model has been used for it, which also allows to compute the evolution of the flow inside the turbine with lower costs. The flow in the moving rotor can be considered quasi-steady, so a zero-dimensional model for the rotor has been developed. Several losses models where implemented for both the stator and the rotor. The results show good agreement with the CFD computations. 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.The authors are indebted to the Spanish Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad through Project TRA 2010-16205.Galindo, J.; Tiseira Izaguirre, AO.; Fajardo, P.; García-Cuevas González, LM. (2014). Development and validation of a radial variable geometry turbine model for transient pulsating flow applications. Energy Conversion and Management. 85:190-203. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2014.05.072S1902038

Loss of mGlu5 receptors in somatostatin-expressing neurons alters negative emotional states

Subtype 5 metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGlu5) are known to play an important role in regulating cognitive, social and valence systems. However, it remains largely unknown at which circuits and neuronal types mGlu5 act to influence these behavioral domains. Altered tissue- or cell-specific expression or function of mGlu5 has been proposed to contribute to the exacerbation of neuropsychiatric disorders. Here, we examined how these receptors regulate the activity of somatostatin-expressing (SST+) neurons, as well as their influence on behavior and brain rhythmic activity. Loss of mGlu5 in SST+ neurons elicited excitatory synaptic dysfunction in a region and sex-specific manner together with a range of emotional imbalances including diminished social novelty preference, reduced anxiety-like behavior and decreased freezing during retrieval of fear memories. In addition, the absence of mGlu5 in SST+ neurons during fear processing impaired theta frequency oscillatory activity in the medial prefrontal cortex and ventral hippocampus. These findings reveal a critical role of mGlu5 in controlling SST+ neurons excitability necessary for regulating negative emotional states

Analysis of the influence of different real flow effects on computational fluid dynamics boundary conditions based on the method of characteristics

Nowadays, turbocharged internal combustion engines (ICEs) are very common in automotive powerplants, monopolizing the Diesel sector and having a steadily increasing percentage in the gasoline one. In this frame, the interest in modeling the behavior of the turbomachinery components involved, with the ultimate goal of characterizing the performance of the turbocharged ICE, seems clear. A turbomachine can be simulated using 3D-CFD software, but its computational cost does not allow to reproduce the whole turbocharger test rig. Moreover, the existence of long ducts requires a considerable computational time until the pressure reflections at the boundaries dissipate in order to reach a periodic solution. The use of non-reflecting boundary conditions reduces the needed length of ducts without introducing spurious wave reflections. An anechoic boundary condition (BC) based on the Method of Characteristics has been previously developed, considering the case of an inviscid and adiabatic 1D flow of a perfect gas. However, real flows do not behave in such ideal manner. In this paper, the extension of the scope of the previous BC is sought. In this way, a methodology to evaluate the performance of the anechoic BC under these real flow situations is shown. The consideration of ideal gas instead of perfect gas, the flow viscosity and the non-homentropic flow makes it necessary to modify the Method of Characteristics, since the Riemann Invariants are not constant any more. In this frame they are referred to as Riemann Variables. An additional issue that has been considered is the effect of swirl flow, as the one in the turbine outlet, on the anechoic BC. Some improvements to be implemented in the BC are proposed in order to have a better performance in these real flow situations.Galindo, J.; Tiseira Izaguirre, AO.; Fajardo, P.; Navarro García, R. (2013). Analysis of the influence of different real flow effects on computational fluid dynamics boundary conditions based on the method of characteristics. Mathematical and Computer Modelling. 57(7-8):1957-1964. doi:10.1016/j.mcm.2012.01.016S19571964577-

Contribution to the Modeling and Understanding of Cold Pulsating Flow Influence in the Efficiency of Small Radial Turbines for Turbochargers

In the present paper, an unsteady approach to determine the performance of a small radial inflow turbine working under cold pulsating flow is presented. It has been concluded that a reasonably good characterization of turbine behavior working with pulsating flow can be obtained using, in a quasi-steady way, models of the turbine isentropic efficiency and turbocharger mechanical efficiency. Both models have been fitted using data obtained from a steady flow characterization procedure. Turbocharger-measured parameters from the cold pulsating flow campaign have been compared with the ones obtained from one-dimensional gas dynamics computational modeling. The modeling approach is based on quasi-steady isentropic and mechanical efficiency models. Reasonably good accuracy in compressor and turbine variables prediction has been obtained for most of the operative conditions. Influence of amplitude and frequency of the pulsating flow over the instantaneous and average turbine efficiency has been studied to put some light on the analysis of the involved physical phenomena. The main conclusion is that the biggest effect of unsteady flow on turbine efficiency is through the influence on blade jet to speed ratio. It has been also concluded that, for the same average blade jet to speed ratio, pulses' amplitude does not influence turbine efficiency when it is closed, but does at other variable geometry turbine (VGT) positions. The effect of pulses' frequency is less evident and only influences VGT performance at the highest VGT openings.The authors wish to thank part of the economical support for this work to Spanish Grant DPI210-20891-C02-02 from Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion.Serrano Cruz, JR.; Arnau Martínez, FJ.; Fajardo, P.; Reyes Belmonte, MÁ.; Vidal, F. (2012). Contribution to the Modeling and Understanding of Cold Pulsating Flow Influence in the Efficiency of Small Radial Turbines for Turbochargers. Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power. 134(10):1-11. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.40070271111341

Alternative p38MAPKs as biomarkers in the interplay of colon cancer and inflammatory bowel diseases

Trabajo presentado en el 44º Congreso Nacional de la Sociedad Española de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular (SEBBM), celebrado en Málaga (España) del 06 al 09 de septiembre de 2022.Chronic inflammation in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a risk factor for Colorectal cancer (CRC) development, but our understanding of this interplay at a molecular level is still limited. p38γ and p38δ, are central in the development of mouse colitis-associated CRC (CAC) by modulating the inflammatory immune response. However, their implication in human CRC and IBD is not well defined. In this study we perform an integrative analysis of p38γ and p38δ mRNA and protein expression and activation in human patients; using human CRC derived organoids and plasma samples, as well as data from different human CRC and IBD mRNA databases. We found that, p38δ levels were decreased, whereas p38γ expression and phosphorylation were significantly increased in CRC compared to normal colon samples. This increase correlated with the expression of genes implicated in inflammation. Examine of p38γ/p38δ in IBD patients showed that p38γ mRNA and protein levels were increased in Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis patients. Contrary, p38δ mRNA was significantly decreased. We also investigated the expression of miRNAs, miR-128-2, miR133a and miR-155, implicated in inflammation and cancer development. In mouse model of colitis and CAC, miR128-2 level was regulated by p38γ/p38δ. In the plasma of IBD and CRC patients, miR128-2 was increased compared to healthy donors, and this correlated with p38γ and p38δ levels. Our results show an opposite regulation of p38γ and p38δ in both CRC and IBD; and suggest that p38γ acts as a link between colitis and CRC by favouring an inflammatory environment that promotes tumour development. We provided evidence that p38γ/p38δ, together with miR-128-2, can be useful as biomarkers, and as potential treatment targets, for colitis and early-stage CRC

p38γ and p38δ as biomarkers in the interplay of colon cancer and inflammatory bowel diseases

descripción no proporcionada por scopusThis research was funded by the MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 (PID2019-108349RB100 and SAF2016-79792R) to AC and JJSE; Villum Foundation, grant no. 13152 to KA; by Agencia Estatal de Investigación (PID2019-104867RBI00/AEI/10.13039/501100011033) and the Instituto de Salud Carlos III- Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (CIBERONC/CB16/12/00273 and ICI20/00057) to AM and AB. PF received MCIN FPI fellowship (BES-2017-080139)

Myeloid cell deficiency of p38γ/p38δ protects against candidiasis and regulates antifungal immunity

Fundació la Marató de TV3 (GrantNumber(s): 20133431; Grant recipient(s): Ana Cuenda) Wellcome Trust (GrantNumber(s): 97377, 102705; Grant recipient(s): GORDON D. BROWN) Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (GrantNumber(s): SAF2016-79792-R, SAF2014- 52009-R, SAF2013-45331-R; Grant recipient(s): Ana Cuenda, SUSANA ALEMANY) Medical Research Council (GrantNumber(s): MR/N006364/1; Grant recipient(s): GORDON D. BROWN) ERC Consolidator Grant (GrantNumber(s): 310372; Grant recipient(s): Mihai Netea)Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Balanced gene losses, duplications and intensive rearrangements led to an unusual regularly sized genome in Arbutus unedo chloroplasts

Completely sequenced plastomes provide a valuable source of information about the duplication, loss, and transfer events of chloroplast genes and phylogenetic data for resolving relationships among major groups of plants. Moreover, they can also be useful for exploiting chloroplast genetic engineering technology. Ericales account for approximately six per cent of eudicot diversity with 11,545 species from which only three complete plastome sequences are currently available. With the aim of increasing the number of ericalean complete plastome sequences, and to open new perspectives in understanding Mediterranean plant adaptations, a genomic study on the basis of the complete chloroplast genome sequencing of Arbutus unedo and an updated phylogenomic analysis of Asteridae was implemented. The chloroplast genome of A. unedo shows extensive rearrangements but a medium size (150,897 nt) in comparison to most of angiosperms. A number of remarkable distinct features characterize the plastome of A. unedo: five-fold dismissing of the SSC region in relation to most angiosperms; complete loss or pseudogenization of a number of essential genes; duplication of the ndhH-D operon and its location within the two IRs; presence of large tandem repeats located near highly re-arranged regions and pseudogenes. All these features outline the primary evolutionary split between Ericaceae and other ericalean families. The newly sequenced plastome of A. unedo with the available asterid sequences allowed the resolution of some uncertainties in previous phylogenies of Asteridae