A critical review of bioceramics for magnetic hyperthermia

Magnetic hyperthermia (HT) using biocompatible ceramics is a ground-breaking, competent, and safe thermo-therapeutic strategy for cancer treatment. The magnetic properties of bioceramics, along with their structure and synthesis parameters, are responsible for the controlled heating of malignant tumors and are the key to clinical success. After providing a brief overview of magnetism and its significance in biomedicine, this review deals with materials selection and synthesis methods of bioceramics/glasses used for HT. Relevant research carried out on promising bioceramics for magnetic HT, with a focus on their size, shape, surface functionalization, magnetic field parameters, and in vitro/in vivo properties to optimize cancer therapy, is also discussed. Recent progress in magnetic HT combined with chemotherapy and phototherapy is especially highlighted, with the aim to provide interdisciplinary knowledge to advance further the applications of bioceramics in this field

Influence of build orientation on small-scale properties of electron beam melted Ti-6Al-4V

The microstructure and small-scale properties of horizontally and vertically printed Ti-6Al-4V alloy rods produced by the electron beam melting technique are investigated. Multi-scale characterization and nano-indentation techniques were used to assess the effect of build orientation. The α′ martensite transformed into lamellar α/β structures, where the β-phase is nucleated and formed on the α-lath boundaries. Vertical samples exhibited high hardness due to the ultrafine grains

Glass-ceramics in dentistry: Fundamentals, technologies, experimental techniques, applications, and open issues

Dental glass-ceramics (DGCs) are developed by controlled crystallization of oxide glasses and form an important group of biomaterials used in modern dentistry. They are also of great importance to scientists studying the fundamentals of crystallization. DGCs must meet strict requirements for restorative prostheses and to streamline the workflow for dentists and increase patient comfort. Considerable research has been devoted to developing new DGCs using advanced technologies, such as CAD/CAM or 3D printing, and to improve material properties. DGCs are designed to have exceptional aesthetics, translucency, high strength, chemical durability, wear resistance, biocompatibility, low thermal conductivity, and hardness similar to that of natural teeth. Some are also bioactive to stimulate a favorable response from the tooth and supporting bone. This allows treatment of hypersensitivity, regeneration of alveolar bone, and healing of periodontal tissues. In this comprehensive and critical review, we compare (inert) restorative prostheses and bioactive GCs. We elaborate on the relevant theoretical fundamentals of crystallization in oxide glasses and explain key technologies to fabricate DGCs. Advanced experimental techniques to unveil the details of crystallization in DGCs are thoroughly discussed. Finally, we propose a strategy for adopting advanced technologies, characterization tools, theoretical insights, and computer models to advance this important field