A class of internally irreversible refrigeration cycles

A Carnot-like irreversible refrigeration cycle is modelled with two isothermal and two non-adiabatic, irreversible processes. The generic source of internal irreversibility, measured by the Clausius inequality, is a general irreversibility term which could include any heat leaks into the Joule - Thompson expansion valve, the evaporator and compressor cold boxes. This cycle is optimized first for maximum refrigeration power and maximum refrigeration load, then for maximum coefficient of performance. Its performances are compared with those of the endoreversible refrigeration cycle, based on a propane stage of a classical cascade liquefaction cycle example. Both cycle models achieve optimum power and maximum refrigeration load at nearly the same refrigeration temperature, but only the coefficient of performance of the irreversible refrigeration cycle reaches a maximum. Moreover, its prediction of heat conductance allocation between evaporator and condenser appears to be not only more conservative, but also more realistic for actual design considerations of refrigeration cycles.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/48902/2/d60316.pd

The maximum coefficient of performance of internally irreversible refrigerators and heat pumps

A class of irreversible refrigeration cycles is investigated to determine the maximum coefficient of performance in the heat pump mode and the refrigerator mode. For the purpose of generality and simplicity of the results, finite-time heat transfer in the condenser and evaporator is expressed in terms of arithmetic mean temperature differences. The generic source of internal irreversibility is measured by a single irreversibility factor which transforms the Clausius inequality into an equality to simplify the cycle model. These optimum cycle performances are obtained as closed form analytical expressions in which the irreversibility factor has been shown to be simply related to the ratio of the actual and endoreversible cycle coefficients of performance.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/48903/2/d60404.pd

Characterisation of autophagy disruption in the ileum of pigs infected with Lawsonia intracellularis

Lawsonia intracellularis is the aetiological agent of proliferative enteropathy, an enteric disease endemic in swine. Survival in its intracellular niche of the ileum epithelial lining requires the capacity to subvert, repress or exploit the host immune response to create an environment conducive to bacterial propagation. To better understand how L. intracellularis survives in its intracellular niche, we have performed an investigation into the dynamic relationship between infection and the host autophagy response by immunohistochemistry in experimentally infected porcine ileum samples. Beclin1, a protein required early in the autophagy pathway was observed to be distributed with a basal to apical concentration gradient in the crypts of healthy piglets, whilst infected piglets were observed to have no gradient of distribution and an increase in the presence of Beclin1 in crypts with histological characteristics of L. intracellularis residence. Detecting microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 (LC3) is used as a method for monitoring autophagy progression as it associates with mature autophagosomes. For LC3 there was no notable change in signal intensity between crypts with characteristic L. intracellularis infection and healthy crypts of uninfected pigs. Finally, as p62 is degraded with the internal substrate of an autophagosome it was used to measure autophagic flux. There was no observed reduction or redistribution of p62. These preliminary results of the autophagy response in the ileum suggest that L. intracellularis affects autophagy. This disruption to host ileum homeostasis may provide a mechanism that assists in bacterial propagation and contributes to pathogenesis

Kyste hydatique pelvien primitif. une localisation inhabituelle

Nous rapportons le cas exceptionnel d’un kyste hydatique pelvien primitif chez une jeune fille de 17 ans. Le diagnostic était suspecté en pré-opératoire devant l’origine de la patiente (zone rural endémique), l’aspect échographique et tomodensitométrique puis il a était confirmé en per-opératoire devant le contenu kystique typique .une kysto-périkystectomie partielle était réalisée par voie de pfannenstiel avec drainage de la cavité résiduelle. Les suites étaient simples et la patiente n’a pas présentée de récidives sur un recul de 3ans. Le but de notre travail est de mettre le point une localisation peu commune de la maladie hydatique d’en rapporter les particularités cliniques et radiologiques et surtout d’en discuter les différentes théories éthiopathogéniques et les modalités du traitement qui reste avant tout chirurgical

SSL4EO-L: Datasets and Foundation Models for Landsat Imagery

The Landsat program is the longest-running Earth observation program in history, with 50+ years of data acquisition by 8 satellites. The multispectral imagery captured by sensors onboard these satellites is critical for a wide range of scientific fields. Despite the increasing popularity of deep learning and remote sensing, the majority of researchers still use decision trees and random forests for Landsat image analysis due to the prevalence of small labeled datasets and lack of foundation models. In this paper, we introduce SSL4EO-L, the first ever dataset designed for Self-Supervised Learning for Earth Observation for the Landsat family of satellites (including 3 sensors and 2 product levels) and the largest Landsat dataset in history (5M image patches). Additionally, we modernize and re-release the L7 Irish and L8 Biome cloud detection datasets, and introduce the first ML benchmark datasets for Landsats 4-5 TM and Landsat 7 ETM+ SR. Finally, we pre-train the first foundation models for Landsat imagery using SSL4EO-L and evaluate their performance on multiple semantic segmentation tasks. All datasets and model weights are available via the TorchGeo (https://github.com/microsoft/torchgeo) library, making reproducibility and experimentation easy, and enabling scientific advancements in the burgeoning field of remote sensing for a multitude of downstream applications

A High-Level Implementation of Non-deterministic, Unrestricted, Independent And-Parallelism

The growing popularity of multicore architectures has renewed interest in language-based approaches to the exploitation of parallelism. Logic programming has proved an interesting framework to this end, and there are parallel implementations which have achieved significant speedups, but at the cost of a quite sophisticated low-level machinery. This machinery has been found challenging to code and, specially, to maintain and expand. In this paper, we follow a different approach which adopts a higher level view by raising some of the core components of the implementation to the level of the source language. We briefly present an implementation model for independent and-parallelism which fully supports non-determinism through backtracking and provides flexible solutions for some of the main problems found in previous and-parallel implementations. Our proposal is able to optimize the execution for the case of deterministic programs and to exploit unrestricted and-parallelism, which allows exposing more parallelism among clause literals than fork-join-based proposals. We present performance results for an implementation, including data for benchmarks where and-parallelism is exploited in non-deterministic programs