One- and Two-Step Kinetic Data Analysis Applied for Single and Co-Culture Growth of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Lactic Acid Bacteria in Milk

The objective of this study was to compare one- and two-step kinetic data analysis approaches to describe the growth of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and lactic acid bacteria Fresco 1010 starter culture in milk under isothermal conditions between 10 and 37 °C. The primary Huang model (HM) and secondary square root model were applied to lag times and growth rates of each of the population. The one-step approach for single cultures data enabled the direct construction of a tertiary model combining primary and secondary models to determine parameters from all growth data, thus minimizing the transfer of errors from one model to another. The statistical indices showed a significant improvement in the prediction capability provided by this approach. Then, a one-step approach combining the primary Huang, Giménez, and Dalgaard model (H-GD) with the secondary square root model was used to simultaneously model the growth of the populations mentioned above in co-culture under the same conditions. Independent isothermal data sets were chosen for validation of the growth description of single cultures (HM) and co-culture (H-GD) using validation factors, including the bias (Bf) and accuracy (Af). For example, the values of Af for the one-step approach range from 1.17 to 1.20 and 1.04 to 1.08 for single cultures and co-culture, respectively, demonstrating high accuracy. Thus, this approach may be used for co-culture growth description in general or specifically, e.g., in various types of lactic acid fermentation, including artisanal cheese-making technology

Smart Cities

Tema ovog završnog rada je usvajanje pojma pametnih gradova, što su to pametni gradovi, koji su kako se razvijaju, što je potrebno za njihov rast i razvoj, te kako mi kao društvo u cjelini i kao pojedinci možemo tome pridonijeti. Zamislite grad koji u potpunosti i efikasno zadoljoljava potrebe svojih građana, takav grad zove se „smart city“, koristi digitalne tehnologije kako bi povećao kvalitetu, smanjio troškove i potrošnju resursa, te kako bi se građani aktivno uključili. Koncept koji svaki grad može učiniti pametnim je javni prijevoz bez kašnjenja, sve manje automobila na ulicama, veća iskoristivost tehnologija i očuvanje okoliša, za pametan grad je potrebna sveobuhvatna strategija i osviještenost građana.The theme of this final work was the adoption of the concept of smart cities, as this smart cities, which are to be developed, it is necessary for their growth and development, and how we as a society as a whole and as individuals we can contribute to that. Imagine a city that fully and efficiently meets the needs of its citizens, this city is called the „smart city“, uses digital technology to increase quality, reduce costs and consumption of resources, and to be active citizens to actively participate. The concept that every city can make intelligent public transport without delay, fewer cars on the streets, greater utilization of technology and the environment, the smart city needs a comprehensive strategy and awareness of citizens

Smart Cities

Tema ovog završnog rada je usvajanje pojma pametnih gradova, što su to pametni gradovi, koji su kako se razvijaju, što je potrebno za njihov rast i razvoj, te kako mi kao društvo u cjelini i kao pojedinci možemo tome pridonijeti. Zamislite grad koji u potpunosti i efikasno zadoljoljava potrebe svojih građana, takav grad zove se „smart city“, koristi digitalne tehnologije kako bi povećao kvalitetu, smanjio troškove i potrošnju resursa, te kako bi se građani aktivno uključili. Koncept koji svaki grad može učiniti pametnim je javni prijevoz bez kašnjenja, sve manje automobila na ulicama, veća iskoristivost tehnologija i očuvanje okoliša, za pametan grad je potrebna sveobuhvatna strategija i osviještenost građana.The theme of this final work was the adoption of the concept of smart cities, as this smart cities, which are to be developed, it is necessary for their growth and development, and how we as a society as a whole and as individuals we can contribute to that. Imagine a city that fully and efficiently meets the needs of its citizens, this city is called the „smart city“, uses digital technology to increase quality, reduce costs and consumption of resources, and to be active citizens to actively participate. The concept that every city can make intelligent public transport without delay, fewer cars on the streets, greater utilization of technology and the environment, the smart city needs a comprehensive strategy and awareness of citizens

Modeling of Bacillus cereus distribution in pasteurized milk at the time of consumption

Modelling of Bacillus cereus distribution, using data from pasteurized milk produced in Slovakia, at the time of consumption was performed in this study. The Modular Process Risk Model (MPRM) methodology was applied to over all the consecutive steps in the food chain. The main factors involved in the risk of being exposed to unacceptable levels of B. cereus (model output) were the initial density of B. cereus after milk pasteurization, storage temperatures and times (model input). Monte Carlo simulations were used for probability calculation of B. cereus density. By applying the sensitivity analysis influence of the input factors and their threshold values on the final count of B. cereus were determined. The results of the general case exposure assessment indicated that almost 14 % of Tetra Brik cartons can contain > 104 cfu/ml of B. cereus at the temperature distribution taken into account and time of pasteurized milk consumption

Sorption isotherm modelling of dried tomatoes

The sorption isotherm (SI) of dried tomatoes was studied at three different temperatures, 15, 25, and 35 °C, using a static gravimetric method. The modified forms of the Guggenheim-Anderson-de Boer (mGAB), Halsey (mHAL), Henderson (mHEN), and Oswin (mOSW) models that incorporate the temperature term in their equation were selected and used to describe the experimental data of dried tomatoes. The mGAB model best described the SI of dried tomato samples at individual temperatures, having the highest coefficient of determination (R2) and the lowest sum of squares of errors (SSE), the root mean square error (RMSE), and the corrected Akaike information criterion values (AICc). However, based on the statistical indices, three other tested models outperformed the mGAB model in describing the multi-temperature estimation to differentiate the temperature effect. The mOSW and mHAL models were superior in this case