Socio-Economic Prospects and Major Constraints of Vannamei Shrimp Farming in Kerala

Shrimp farming plays a pivotal role in the socio-economic development of the coastal population of India by way of contributing to foreign exchange earnings and livelihood options. In the current study, the culture technique and stocking density are taken into account for investigating the influence of these factors on the production performance and economic feasibility of vannamei shrimp farming in Kerala. Along with the major constraints faced by the Kerala vannamei farmers also undergoing investigation. In recent years, vannamei shrimp farming has been getting excellent responses from shrimp farmers around Kerala due to the attractive and profitable rewards of shrimp farming. Kodungalloor from Thrissur District is a key area in Vannamei shrimp farming in Kerala, more than 60 shrimp farmers are doing Vannamei shrimp farming very enthusiastically and efficiently. But Kerala State still depends on other States to cater to the processing industry which is a highly labour-intensive sector providing the major avocation to thousands of families. Continuous unfavourable weather conditions and delay in the farm registration process led to non-adoption of vannamei shrimp farming in Kerala. Though the State Government support the vannamei shrimp farmers by notifying shrimp farming as an essential activity, our study showed that additional efforts and supports are required to implement solid plans at the ground level

Analysing Turnaround Time in Laboratory - A Key Performance Indicator

Background: Turnaround time (TAT) is one of the key indicators of performance of a laboratory. Laboratories define it as the time from the receipt of sample/ specimen to the reporting. A fast TAT helps clinicians in making early diagnosis.Aim: To determine the turnaround time (TAT) of the biochemistry laboratory with evaluation of the contribution of pre-analytical and analytical phase to the total TAT.Results: A total of 399 samples were analysed from three outpatient departments. Average pre-analytical turnaround time contribution was found to be higher as compared to the analytical time. Excess workload and delay in pneumatic shoot were the main causes of delay in pre-analytical phase.Conclusion: Improved turnaround time is the key to clinicians’ and patients’ better satisfaction with the laboratory. It can be attained by minimising the bottlenecks within the process

An Economic Impact Of Marylands Coastal Bays: A Goal Programming Approach

The purpose of this paper is to present a lexicographic goal programming (LGP) model to assess fishery management and related activities and their economic impact on Marylands Coastal Bays. The LGP model is designed to illustrate how LGP can be used as an aid to solving fishery management and related activities with multiple objectives. The technique allows us to find the optimal solution, based on the priorities of the goals in a decision-making environment. In this study, we have used LGP to examine a set of goals and objectives as they relate to the socioeconomic significance of fishery management in Marylands Coastal Bays

Effect of a Surfactant on Sodium Hypochlorite Combination in the Elimination of Enterococcus Faecalis in Retreatment Procedure: An Invitro study

AIM OF THE STUDY: To estimate the amount of Bisphenol A (BPA) present in saliva and blood before and after composite placement - In Vivo Study OBJECTIVES: 1. To estimate the level of BPA present in human Saliva in individuals before the composite resin placement, immediately after the restoration placement and on the 7th day after the restoration placement. 2. To estimate the level of BPA present in human Saliva in individuals with orthodontic bracket bonded with light cure composite before the procedure, immediately after the procedure and on the 7th day after the procedure. 3. To estimate the level of BPA present in human Saliva with individuals restored with pre-fabricated metallic post luted with resin based luting agent before the procedure, immediately after the procedure and on the 7th day after the procedure. 4. To estimate the level of BPA present in human blood in individuals prior to composite restoration on the 7th day after the procedure. 5. To estimate the level of BPA present in human blood in individuals with orthodontic brackets bonded with light cure composite before the procedure and on the 7th day after the procedure. 6. To estimate the level of BPA present in human blood in individuals with prefabricated metallic post luted with resin based luting agent before the procedure and on the 7th day after the procedure. METHODOLOGY: Totally 40 patients, were included in this in vivo study. They were subdivided into 4 groups with 10 patients assigned to each group. Oral and written informed consent is obtained from all the study participants. For all the participants in each group, salivary samples are collected thrice and blood samples are collected twice. Right before the procedure was performed; 2ml of unstimulated saliva is collected for 5 min in a BPA free plastic vial. Following the procedure, the mouth is thoroughly rinsed and after waiting for 5 min, 2nd sample of 2ml saliva is collected in a separate BPA free plastic vial Seven days after the procedure, the 3rd collection of 2ml unstimulated saliva, is collected for 5 min in a BPA free plastic vial. Collected salivary samples are cryopreserved in the laboratory in a programmable refrigerator at -20 C. For all the participants in each group, 2ml of blood samples were collected into a 5 ml glass BD vacutainer using a disposable 21 gauge stainless steel syringe and needle. The blood is collected, allowed to clot and spun down after 30 mins. Then the serum is separated off by centrifuging. The centrifuged serum samples are transferred to 4-ml glass vials and stored in a freezer at - 20ᵒ C. BPA analysis in saliva and serum is carried out with Human Bisphenol (BPA) Elisa Kit through conducting replicate measurements to quantify BPA levels and for high accurate determination. RESULTS: BPA was found in all the samples taken. The mean value of sample in pretreatment salivary samples is 2.01. The mean value of sample in pretreatment blood samples is 0.758. Among the salivary sample, Groups restored with composite resin (class I and II) showed the highest mean value of BPA level (4.17) followed by orthodontic brackets bonded with light cure composites (Group C – 3.95) and post and core luted with resin based luting agents (Group D – 3.67). The mean value of BPA in salivary samples on the 7th day of group B, C, and D are (2.03), (2.04) and (2.02) respectively. Serum BPA level after 7 days in patients with composite restoration was found to be higher with a mean level of 1.43 when compared to the serum BPA level in patients with orthodontic brackets bonded with light cure composites (Group C -1.24) and post and core luted with resin based luting agents (Group D – 1.00). CONCLUSION: The present study concludes that the BPA was present in all the samples. Among the groups, Group B which is class 1 and class 2 cavities restored with composite resin had the maximum amount of BPA present in salivary samples (4.17), followed by Group C which is the orthodontic bracket bonded with light cure composite resin (Transbond XT) (3.95) and Group D which is prefabricated metallic post luted with resin based composite (3.67) immediately after the procedure. This is the 1st study undertaken to estimate the leaching of BPA from a composite luting agent. The mechanism behind the leaching of BPA from composite luting agent is beyond the scope of this study. With respect to blood samples collected, before the procedure and 7 days after the procedure, Group B which is class 1 and class 2 cavities restored with composite resin had the maximum amount of BPA present in blood samples (1.43), followed by Group C which is the orthodontic bracket bonded with light cure composite resin (Transbond XT) (1.24) and Group D which is prefabricated metallic post luted with resin based composite (1.00) 7 days after the procedure. BPA can also be seen leaching out from the resin based luting agent

Socio-Economic Prospects and Major Constraints of Vannamei Shrimp Farming in Kerala

Shrimp farming plays a pivotal role in the socio-economic development of the coastal population of India by way of contributing to foreign exchange earnings and livelihood options. In the current study, the culture technique and stocking density are taken into account for investigating the influence of these factors on the production performance and economic feasibility of vannamei shrimp farming in Kerala. Along with the major constraints faced by the Kerala vannamei farmers also undergoing investigation. In recent years, vannamei shrimp farming has been getting excellent responses from shrimp farmers around Kerala due to the attractive and profitable rewards of shrimp farming. Kodungalloor from Thrissur District is a key area in Vannamei shrimp farming in Kerala, more than 60 shrimp farmers are doing Vannamei shrimp farming very enthusiastically and efficiently. But Kerala State still depends on other States to cater to the processing industry which is a highly labour-intensive sector providing the major avocation to thousands of families. Continuous unfavourable weather conditions and delay in the farm registration process led to non-adoption of vannamei shrimp farming in Kerala. Though the State Government support the vannamei shrimp farmers by notifying shrimp farming as an essential activity, our study showed that additional efforts and supports are required to implement solid plans at the ground level

High-pressure behavior of superconducting boron-doped diamond

This work investigates the high-pressure structure of freestanding superconducting ($T_{c}$ = 4.3\,K) boron doped diamond (BDD) and how it affects the electronic and vibrational properties using Raman spectroscopy and x-ray diffraction in the 0-30\,GPa range. High-pressure Raman scattering experiments revealed an abrupt change in the linear pressure coefficients and the grain boundary components undergo an irreversible phase change at 14\,GPa. We show that the blue shift in the pressure-dependent vibrational modes correlates with the negative pressure coefficient of $T_{c}$ in BDD. The analysis of x-ray diffraction data determines the equation of state of the BDD film, revealing a high bulk modulus of $B_{0}$=510$\pm$28\,GPa. The comparative analysis of high-pressure data clarified that the sp$^{2}$ carbons in the grain boundaries transform into hexagonal diamond.Comment: 7 pages, 4 figure

Effects of neuromuscular electrical stimulation and core muscle strengthening on trunk instability following stroke

Background: Postural instability leads to balance dysfunction in stroke subjects, which always increase the risk of fall. This study aimed to compare the effect of neuromuscular electrical stimulation and core muscle strengthening on trunk balance following stroke.Methods: Forty five stroke subjects were participated and assigned randomly into three groups; all groups received standard rehabilitation program; and core group received additional core strengthening, neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) group received added electrical stimulation over paraspinal region and combination group received core muscle strengthening and NMES along with standard rehabilitation protocol. After four weeks of the interventions, primary and secondary outcome measures are evaluated. Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Postural Assessment Scale for Stroke (PASS), Trunk Impairment Scale (TIS) and Barthel Index (BI) were evaluated before and after the intervention.Results: All the three (core MS, NMES and combination) groups showed significant improvement after the intervention (BBS 10.07, 15.54 and 18.27, PASS 6.54, 13.06 and 14.00, TIS 0.25, 0.25 and 0.51, BI 16.40, 29.93 and 36.53). The combination group (NMES and core muscle strengthening) showed better improvement than other two groups. TIS and BI total score showed positive (0.849) correlation.Conclusions: Addition of NMES along with core muscle strengthening for stroke rehabilitation will improve trunk stability, balance and ADLs

Approximation Algorithm for Line Segment Coverage for Wireless Sensor Network

The coverage problem in wireless sensor networks deals with the problem of covering a region or parts of it with sensors. In this paper, we address the problem of covering a set of line segments in sensor networks. A line segment ` is said to be covered if it intersects the sensing regions of at least one sensor distributed in that region. We show that the problem of finding the minimum number of sensors needed to cover each member in a given set of line segments in a rectangular area is NP-hard. Next, we propose a constant factor approximation algorithm for the problem of covering a set of axis-parallel line segments. We also show that a PTAS exists for this problem.Comment: 16 pages, 5 figures

Computational Aerothermodynamic Environments for the Mars 2020 Entry Capsule

The simulation tools and processes used to generate aerothermodynamic environment definitions for the Mars 2020 entry capsule are presented. The Mars 2020 capsule leverages the heritage Mars Science Laboratory design, but the entry will follow a different trajectory, landing at a different location and altitude on Mars. The general strategy for creating the Mars 2020 mission-specific environments follows from the Mars Science Laboratory experience. The primary difference is that now the effects of shock-layer radiation are modeled, with particular concern for the backshell