15 research outputs found

    ์Šคํ”ผ์‹œ์Šค ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ๋ง ๋ชจํ˜•์— ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ํ•œ ๋ฒ ์ด์ง€์•ˆ ๋น„๋ชจ์ˆ˜ ๋ชจํ˜•

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (๋ฐ•์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ํ†ต๊ณ„ํ•™๊ณผ, 2014. 2. ์ด์žฌ์šฉ.In this dissertation we propose Bayesian nonparametric models for the inference of spatially varying densities based on mixtures of dependent species sampling models. The species sampling model is a discrete random probability distribution represented as the sum of the random support points with random weights. The spatial dependency is introduced by modeling the weights through the conditional autoregressive model. The proposed models are illustrated in two simulated data sets and show better performance than competitors based on a Dirichlet process or where dependence is not incorporated. The proposed method is also applied to real data sets.Abstract i List of Figures iv List of Tables viii 1 Introduction and Literature Review 1 1.1 Motivation.............................. 1 1.2 Literature Review.......................... 3 1.2.1 Species Sampling Models.................. 3 1.2.2 Mixture Models with SSMs ................ 7 2 Dependent Species Sampling Models for Spatial Density Estimation 9 2.1 Introduction............................. 9 2.2 Species Sampling Models...................... 13 2.3 Conditional Autoregressive Models ................ 14 2.3.1 Gaussian CAR model.................... 17 2.4 Dependent Species Sampling Models ............... 17 2.4.1 CAR SSMs ......................... 17 2.4.2 Mixtures of CAR SSM ................... 20 2.5 Posterior Computations ...................... 21 2.6 Examples .............................. 26 2.6.1 Simulation studies ..................... 26 2.6.2 Precipitation over Koreanpeninsula. . . . . . . . . . . . 32 2.6.3 Apartment market price .................. 39 2.7 Conclusion.............................. 46 3 Bayesian Regression Models for Seasonal Forecasts of Precipitation over Korea 49 3.1 Introduction............................. 49 3.2 Data................................. 51 3.3 Methodology ............................ 52 3.3.1 Prior to Posterior...................... 52 3.3.2 Choosing one model .................... 56 3.3.3 Computation ........................ 57 3.4 Results and discussion ....................... 59 3.4.1 CPC Merged Analysis of Precipitation data . . . . . . 60 3.4.2 Station-measured precipitation data . . . . . . . . . . . 61 3.5 Concluding remarks......................... 63 Bibliography ..................72 Abstract in Korean .........82Docto

    The association of relational and organizational job stress factors with sleep disorder: analysis of the 3rd Korean working conditions survey (2011)

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    BACKGROUND: Sleep disorder is a disease that causes reduction in quality of life and work efficiency of workers. This study was performed to investigate the relationship between job-related stress factor and sleep disorder among wageworkers in Korea. METHODS: This study was based on analysis of the 3rd Korean working conditions survey. We analyzed 35,902 workers whose employment status is wageworker. We classified the job-related stress factor into 12 sections. Logistic regression was performed to estimate the relationship between job-related stress factor and sleep disorder and Odds ratio and 95ย % CI were calculated using the SPSS version 23.0 program. RESULTS: Many categories of Job-related stress factor were correlated with sleep disorder (8 of 12 for women, 10 of 12 for men). The results of the regression analysis, corrected for general and occupational characteristics, indicated that sleep disorder was significantly correlated with the following categories of job-related stress: discrimination experience (OR 3.37, 95ย % CIโ€‰=โ€‰2.49โ€‰~โ€‰4.56 in women, OR 1.96, 95ย % CIโ€‰=โ€‰1.53โ€‰~โ€‰2.51 in men), direct customer confrontation (OR 2.72, 95ย % CIโ€‰=โ€‰1.91โ€‰~โ€‰3.86 in women, OR 1.99, 95ย % CIโ€‰=โ€‰1.45โ€‰~โ€‰2.72 in men), emotional stress (OR 2.01, 95ย % CIโ€‰=โ€‰1.30โ€‰~โ€‰3.09 in men), work dissatisfaction (detailed) (OR 1.99, 95ย % CIโ€‰=โ€‰1.36โ€‰~โ€‰2.93 in men), work dissatisfaction (overall) (OR 2.30, 95ย % CIโ€‰=โ€‰1.66โ€‰~โ€‰3.20 in women, OR 2.40, 95ย % CIโ€‰=โ€‰1.88โ€‰~โ€‰3.08 in men), expression of opinion difficulty (OR 0.66, 95ย % CIโ€‰=โ€‰0.48โ€‰~โ€‰0.92 in women, OR 0.57, 95ย % CIโ€‰=โ€‰0.45โ€‰~โ€‰0.73 in men). CONCLUSION: A number of studies have reported that stress affects sleep disorder. In this study, many factors suspected to increase the risk of sleep disorder were added to previously known job stress factors. In particular, this study found a strong correlation between work-associated sleep disorder and relational and organizational job stress factors. Sleep disorder may lead to large decreases in workersโ€™ quality of life and work efficiency. Awareness and interventions are therefore required to reduce workplace stress; additional research of this topic is also required. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40557-016-0131-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users

    Andreas vesalius's anatomical theater and image : fabrica and the change of anatomical ritual : ใ€ŽํŒŒ๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ์นดใ€์˜ ๋„์ƒ๊ณผ ์„œ๋ฌธ์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ ํ•ด๋ถ€ ์˜๋ก€์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ

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    ์‚ฌํ•™๊ณผ/์„์‚ฌ[ํ•œ๊ธ€] ๋ฒ ์‚ด๋ฆฌ์šฐ์Šค๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ํ•™์ƒ ๋•Œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ค„๊ณง ๋Š๊ปด์™”๋˜ โ€˜์™œ ํ•ด๋ถ€ํ•™์€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ์˜ ์‹ ์ฒด๋ฅผ ๋ฌ˜์‚ฌํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชป ํ•˜๋Š”๊ฐ€โ€™๋ผ๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ์˜์‹์— ๊ณจ๋ชฐํ•ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•ด๋ถ€ํ•™์— ์žˆ์–ด ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€์˜ ๊ต์œก์ ์ธ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ์„ ์ธ์‹ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ํ•ด๋ถ€ ์ฒด๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ฒดํ•  ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํ‘œ์ค€์  ์ธ์ฒด์ฒด๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ชฉ์ ์—์„œ ํƒ„์ƒํ•œ ์ฑ…์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ??ํŒŒ๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ์นด??๋กœ ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ์›Œ์ง€๋Š” ??์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์‹ ์ฒด์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์— ๊ด€ํ•˜์—ฌ(De Humani Corporis Fabrica Libri Septem, 1543)??์ด๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ์‹ ์ฒด ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€์˜ ์ด์•„๋ผ๊ณ  ํ‰๊ฐ€๋˜์–ด ์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ??ํŒŒ๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ์นด??๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ฒ ์‚ด๋ฆฌ์šฐ์Šค๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ๋ณ€ํ˜ํ•˜๊ณ , ๋Œ€์ฒดํ•˜๋ ค ํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. ??ํŒŒ๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ์นด?? ์•ˆ์˜ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋“ค์€ ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ข…๋ฅ˜๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ชธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์  ๊ทธ๋ฆผ, ํ˜„์ƒ์ ์ธ ๊ฐ ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ค์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ฉ์‹œ์ผœ ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ด์ƒ์ (๏งคๆƒณ็š„) ๊ทธ๋ฆผ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ํ•ด๋ถ€ํ•™๊ณผ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์•Œ๋ ˆ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ(์ƒ์ง•)์  ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋“ค์ด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ??ํŒŒ๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ์นด??์— ํˆฌ์˜๋œ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ๋“ค์˜ ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ ์ฐจ์ด์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด ๊ทธ๋ฆผ๋“ค์ด ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ํ•ด๋ถ€๊ด€ํ–‰์„ ๊ฐœํ˜ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ธ์ฒด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ง€์‹์„ ์žฌ์ •๋ฆฝํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ชฉ์  ์•„๋ž˜ ํ•ฉ์น˜๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์— ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•œ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ??ํŒŒ๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ์นด??์— ์ˆ˜๋ก๋œ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋“ค ์ค‘ ๋ฒ ์‚ด๋ฆฌ์šฐ์Šค์˜ ์ดˆ์ƒํ™”์™€ ํ•ด๋ถ€๊ทน์žฅ์˜ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋Š” ๋ฅด๋„ค์ƒ์Šค ์˜ํ•™์˜ ์ƒํƒœ ๋ฐ ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€์•ผ ๊ธธ์„ ์•Œ๋ ˆ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ ์žฅ์น˜๋กœ ์•”์‹œํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰ ๋„์ƒ(plate)์ด ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ์žฌํ˜„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ชฉ์ ์—์„œ ๊ทธ๋ ค์ง€๊ธฐ ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ํƒ€์ธ์˜ ์ธ์‹๊ณผ ํ–‰๋™์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์š”์ฒญํ•˜๋Š” โ€˜์ •์น˜์ โ€™ ๋ชฉ์ ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ๊ณผ ๋™์‹œ์— ์–ด๋–ค ๋Œ€์ƒ์˜ โ€˜์ฃฝ์Œโ€™๊ณผ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ฒด๊ณ„์˜ ํƒ„์ƒ์„ ์•”์‹œํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ??ํŒŒ๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ์นด??์˜ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€ ์ค‘ ์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ์ธ ์•Œ๋ ˆ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์— ์ฃผ์•ˆํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฒ ์‚ด๋ฆฌ์šฐ์Šค๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ์ •์น˜์  ๊ธฐํš์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ๋ฐํžˆ๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋”๋ถˆ์–ด ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ํ•ด๋ถ€ ๊ฐœํ˜์„ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด ๋‚ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋˜ ์ „์ˆ ์ ์ธ ์ˆ˜๋‹จ์ด ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ํ•ด๋ถ€๊ทน์žฅ์˜ ์†Œ๋ž€๊ณผ ๋…ผ์Ÿ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์— ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•œ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ??ํŒŒ๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ์นด??์˜ ํƒ€์ดํ‹€ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€๋Š” ์ด ํ•ด๋ถ€๊ทน์žฅ์˜ ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ๋งค์šฐ ์ž์„ธํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฌ˜์‚ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ํ•ด๋ถ€๊ทน์žฅ์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์†Œ๋ž€์˜ ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•ด ๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ•ด๋ถ€๊ทน์žฅ์— ๋ณด์—ฌ์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” โ€˜์†Œ๋™โ€™์˜ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋Š” โ€˜๋ณ€ํ™”(๊ฐœํ˜)โ€™๋ผ๋Š” ์ˆ˜์‚ฌ์™€ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒ ์‚ด๋ฆฌ์šฐ์Šค๋Š” ์ž์‹ ์ด ํ•ด๋ถ€๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋œ ์‹ ์ฒด ์ง€์‹์„ ๋Œ€์ค‘์ ์œผ๋กœ ์•Œ๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ตœ์ ์˜ ์žฅ์†Œ๋กœ ํ•ด๋ถ€๊ทน์žฅ์„ ์„ ํƒํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ์ด์œ ๋Š” ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์˜๊ฒฌ์„ ์ฆ‰๊ฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์ธํ•ด ์ฃผ๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ๊ด€๊ฐ๋“ค์ด ์กด์žฌํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฒ ์‚ด๋ฆฌ์šฐ์Šค์˜ ์˜๋„์™€ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ํ•ด๋ถ€๊ทน์žฅ์˜ ์‹œ์—ฐ์€ ํ•ด๋ถ€๋ฒ•๋ น๊ณผ ํ•ด๋ถ€๊ต๋ณธ์— ์˜ํ•ด ํ†ต์ œ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—, ๊ทธ์˜ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํ•ด๋ถ€ํ•™ ์ฒด๊ณ„์™€ ๋‚ด์šฉ์˜ ์‹œ์—ฐ์€ ๊ณง ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ธฐ์กด ์˜ํ•™์ฒด๊ณ„์™€์˜ ์ถฉ๋Œ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฒ ์‚ด๋ฆฌ์šฐ์Šค๋Š” ๋ฒ ๋„ค๋”•ํˆฌ์Šค๊ฐ€ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•œ ํ•ด๋ถ€๊ทน์žฅ์˜ โ€˜ํ†ต์ œ์ โ€™ ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ ์•ˆ์— ๋จธ๋ฌผ๊ธฐ ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ํ•ด๋ถ€๊ทน์žฅ์ด ๊ฐ–๋Š” ์†Œ๋ž€์Šค๋Ÿฌ์›€์„ ์ ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด์šฉํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ์ด์œ ๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์ง€์œ„ ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ํ•ด๋ถ€๋„์„œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์–ธ์–ด์  ์†Œ์–‘์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ถŒ์œ„์ž๋“ค์„ ์ด๊ธฐ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๋ชธ์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ฐ€ ํ•ด๋ถ€์„œ์˜ ์„ค๋ช…๊ณผ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ด€๊ฐ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์—ฌ์คŒ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์ž์‹ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ง€์ง€๋ฅผ ์–ป์–ด๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ณผ์ • ์ค‘์— ํ•ด๋ถ€๊ทน์žฅ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋™์˜์™€ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€, ๋Œ€ํ™”, ์†์‚ญ์ž„, ์›…์„ฑ๊ฑฐ๋ฆผ, ๊ฒฝํƒ„๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์†Œ๋ž€์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ฒ ์‚ด๋ฆฌ์šฐ์Šค์—๊ฒŒ ์žˆ์–ด ์†Œ๋ž€์€ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€์™€ ๋”๋ถˆ์–ด ํ•ด๋ถ€์˜๋ก€๋ฅผ ๋ณ€ํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์‹ค์ œ์ ์ธ ์ „์ˆ ์ด์—ˆ์„ ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๊ธฐ์กด ์˜ํ•™ ์ฒด๊ณ„๋ฅผ โ€˜ํ•ด์ฒดโ€™ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ๋„๊ตฌ์˜€๋‹ค. ??ํŒŒ๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ์นด??์˜ ํ•ด๋ถ€๊ทน์žฅ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์„ ๊ทธ๋ฆฐ ํ™”๊ฐ€๋Š” โ€˜์†Œ๋ž€โ€™ ๊ณผ โ€˜๋ณ€ํ™”โ€™์˜ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋ฅผ ํ˜ผํ•ฉํ•ด ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์ผ์œผํ‚จ ์†Œ๋™์ด ํญ๋ ฅ์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํ•ด๋ถ€์˜๋ก€๋ฅผ ํƒ„์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์œผ๋กœ ๋ฌ˜์‚ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์˜๋ฏธ์—์„œ ๋ฒ ์‚ด๋ฆฌ์šฐ์Šค๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ํƒœ์–ด๋‚œ ํ•ด๋ถ€์˜๋ก€์˜ ์„ ๊ฐ์ž๋กœ ๋‚ด?์™ธ๊ณผ์˜ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ƒ์ง•ํ•˜๋˜ ์นด์„ธ๋“œ๋ผ๋ฅผ ํ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ , ์นด๋ฐ๋ฐ”๋ฅผ ์ง์ ‘ ๋งŒ์ ธ ์˜ํ•™ ์ง€์‹์„ ์–ป์–ด ๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฐœํ˜์ž๋กœ ๋ฌ˜์‚ฌ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ์—๊ฒŒ ์žˆ์–ด ์˜์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์  ์ž์งˆ์ด๋ž€ ์ด๋ก ์˜ ์Šต๋“์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ, ์ง„์ •ํ•œ ํ•ด๋ถ€ ํ…์ŠคํŠธ์ธ ์นด๋ฐ๋ฐ”์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ ‘์ด‰์„ ๋‘๋ ค์›Œํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๋ฐ์— ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์˜์‚ฌ์˜ (์ง์—…)์œค๋ฆฌ์  ์ธก๋ฉด์€ ๊ณ ์Šค๋ž€ํžˆ ๋ฒ ์‚ด๋ฆฌ์šฐ์Šค ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์ดˆ์ƒํ™”๋กœ๊นŒ์ง€ ํ™•์žฅ๋˜๊ณ  ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์†๊ณผ ํŒ”์„ ํ•ด๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฒ ์‚ด๋ฆฌ์šฐ์Šค์˜ ๋ชจ์Šต์ด ๊ทธ๋ ค์ง„ ์ดˆ์ƒํ™”๋Š” ์นด๋ฐ๋ฐ”, ํ…Œ์ด๋ธ” ์œ„์˜ ๋„๊ตฌ๋“ค, ๋…์ž๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ทธ์˜ ์ธ์ • ์š•๊ตฌ๋“ค๊ณผ ์ƒ์ง•์ ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ณ„ ๋˜๋ฉด์„œ ํ•ด๋ถ€ํ•™์ด ์ƒˆ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ธ์‹์˜ ๋Œ€์ƒ๊ณผ ์ ‘๊ทผ ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ์•”์‹œํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ฉ”์Šค๋Š” ํ…Œ์ด๋ธ” ์œ„์˜ ๋‘๋ฃจ๋งˆ๋ฆฌ ์›๊ณ ์™€ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ๋ผ ์™ธ๊ณผ์˜์˜ ๋…ธ๋™์„ โ€˜์ •์‹ โ€™์ ์ธ ์ธก๋ฉด์œผ๋กœ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋Œ์–ด ์˜ฌ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋ฒ ์‚ด๋ฆฌ์šฐ์Šค์˜ ์†์€ ๊ณ ๋„์˜ ์‹ ์ฒด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ดํ•ด๋ฅผ ์ „์ œ๋กœ ํ•œ ํ•ด๋ถ€ ํ–‰์œ„๋ฅผ ์ƒ์ง•ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰ ํ•ด๋ถ€๋ž€ ๋ŒํŒ”์ด ์ด๋ฐœ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๋…ธ๋™์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉฐ, ์‹ ์˜ ์ง€์„ฑ์€ ์‹ ๋น„์˜ ๊ณผ์ •์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ˆ™๋ จ์˜๋“ค์˜ ์นด๋ฐ๋ฐ”์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ ‘์ด‰์„ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ๋งŒ ๋ฐํ˜€์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์œก์ฒด์— ๋ฐ˜์˜๋œ ์‹ ๋น„๋Š” ์‹ ์ฒด์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ์ดํ•ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ํŒŒ์•…๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ณจ๊ฒฉ-ํ˜ˆ๊ด€-ํž˜์ค„-์‹ ๊ฒฝ์˜ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์„ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ž˜ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณต๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ์†์€ ์ƒˆ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ํ•ด๋ถ€ํ•™์˜ ์ธ์‹ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ (์˜์‚ฌ์˜ ์ž์งˆ๋กœ์„œ) ์œค๋ฆฌํ•™์  ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€์—ฌ๋œ ์†์ด (์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํ•ด๋ถ€๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ์„œ) ์ธ์‹๋ก ์  ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€์—ฌ๋œ ์†์„ ํ•ด๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ด์ค‘์ ์ธ ์•Œ๋ ˆ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ–ˆ๋˜ ํ•ด๋ถ€๊ฐœํ˜์„ ํ‘œ์ƒํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ์—๊ฒŒ ์žˆ์–ด ํ•ด๋ถ€๊ทน์žฅ์˜ ์†Œ๋ž€์€ ์ฃฝ์–ด ์žˆ๋˜ ํ•ด๋ถ€์ ˆ์ฐจ๋ฅผ โ€˜์žฌ์ƒโ€™ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ƒˆ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ํ˜•์„ฑ๋œ ๊ณต๋™์ฒด๋ฅผ โ€˜ํ†ตํ•ฉโ€™ํ•˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋‹จ์ด์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ธ์ฒด ๊ตฌ์กฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ โ€˜๊ต์œกโ€™๊ณผ โ€˜๊ฐœํ˜โ€™์˜ ์ˆ˜๋‹จ์ด์—ˆ์Œ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค [์˜๋ฌธ]Vesalius was engrossed in the question he had pondered on since his school days: why anatomy cannot describe human body preciously as the way it is? Since he had recognized the importance of the instructive power of anatomy, he concentrated on showing and explaining the new standardsystem of human body that could replace the previous anatomical system. It was on this purpose that Vesalius published his De Humani Corporis Fabrica Libri Septem(1543), known as Fabrica. This article tries to depict what Vesalius tried to innovate and replace through Fabrica, the beloved child in the history of anatomical images of human body. Images in Fabrica can be divided into three categories: first, factual images intended to illustrate the precise structure of newly viewed human body; second, ideal images for unifying the differences of individual bodies; finally, the allegorical images for connecting the new images with the traditional images in anatomy. Despite the different characteristics, this article argues that these images were used by Vesalius in order to renovate the previous customs in anatomy and reestablish the new knowledge of human body. Especially, the portrait of Vesalius and the image of his anatomical theater illustrated in Fabrica were the allegorical contrivance illuminating the present condition and the future vision of Renaissance anatomy. They suggests that a plate can carry โ€˜politicalโ€™ nuance urging the change of thoughts and behaviors of the viewers and the โ€˜deathโ€™ of one system which leads to the birth of another, rather than simply reproduce the facts on a canvas. Specifically, this article tries to explain the political intention of Vesalius base on the allegorical characteristics of Fabrica. It also tries to show that his strategic method included not only images but also disputes and clamors produced in the anatomical theater. The title page of Fabrica, a detailed illustration of anatomical theater, is very useful in this aspect that it can analyze the feature of the clamor produced in the theater. The image of โ€˜clamorโ€™ in the theater is related to the rhetoric of โ€˜change/renovation.โ€™ Vesalius chose the anatomical theater in order to spread to the public his knowledge of anatomy gained by the human dissection because it was the proper place where many audiences could witness his opinion. Against his intention, it meant that his practice should meet the resistance of traditional anatomical custom since every performance was to be controlled by the standard anatomical rules and textbooks. Nevertheless, Vesalius needed to take advantage of the clamor in the theater rather than to stay inside the โ€˜controllingโ€™ characteristics of the theater mentioned by Benedictus, since he could acquire the support of the audience by showing them through dissection that real human body is not identical to what is displayed in the textbook and thereby could defeat his seniors who had more fame and honor. Clamor, such as agreement and disagreement, conversation, whispering, murmuring, and exclamation, was created in the process. Clamor and image for Vesalius were practical strategy to change the anatomical rituals just as they were devices to deconstruct the previous medical system. The illustrator of the image of anatomical theater in Fabrica depicts the clamor created by Vesalius as not so much violent as to building a new anatomical ritual. In this aspect, Vesalius should be regarded as a pioneer of the new anatomical ritual who abandoned cathedra, the symbol of the division of the internal department and the department of surgery, and touched the cadaver with his own hands to gain knowledge from it. To him, the quality of a medical doctor did not depend on gaining theoretical knowledge, but the courage of being not afraid of touching cadaver as a real textbook of anatomy. Such an ethical sense is described in the portrait of Vesalius as well. The portrait depicting Vesalius dissecting hands and arms of a cadaver, a figure symbolically related to the tools on the cadaver table and Vesaliusโ€™ gaze at his audience that shows his desire for recognition, suggests the new target of the anatomy and the way of approaching it. The scalpel, related to the scrolled manuscript on the table, raises a surgeonโ€™s labor to the spiritual status, and Vesaliusโ€™ hands represent the act of dissection based on the profound knowledge of human body. His portrait shows that human dissection is not a thing to be done by the labor of a quack barber, and the divine knowledge could be only revealed by trained surgeonsโ€™touch to the cadaver. Moreover, a hand gained significance as an anatomic target base on the fact that it is the most proper part where the connection of skeleton-vascular track-tendon-nerve could be shown. Therefore, the dual allegory of a hand endowed with an ethical sense dissecting a hand as a new anatomic object represents the reformation in anatomy which Vesalius intended. To Vesalius, the clamor in the anatomical theater was a method to create a โ€˜renaissanceโ€™ of the dead process of dissection and to โ€˜uniteโ€™the newly formed community, and the image was a method to โ€˜teachโ€™ the new human structure and to โ€˜reformโ€™ the previous rituals and customs in anatomyope

    The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic and chronic diseases

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    Background: Chronic diseases contribute to 74% of annual global deaths. The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic further aggravated the burden of chronic diseases. The reasons for this adverse impact must be elucidated to develop an appropriate response.Current Concepts: COVID-19 increases the burden of chronic disease in three ways. First, chronic disease comorbidities are associated with a higher severity and fatality rate in patients with COVID-19. Second, the post COVID-19 condition results in chronic health problems. Lastly, a disruption in the system for chronic disease screening and care was observed during the COVID-19 pandemic.Discussion and Conclusion: Strong efforts are needed to mitigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on chronic diseases, and to re-establish an effective system for chronic disease management.Y

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :ํ™”ํ•™๊ณตํ•™๊ณผ,1997.Maste

    ๋‹ค์†์„ฑ ์„ ํƒ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋กœ์˜ Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP) ๊ธฐ๋ฒ• ๋ฐ Multi-Attribute Utility(MAU) ์ด๋ก  ํ™œ์šฉ

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    Iterative learning for high-precision tracking in mechanical systems with friction

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    Density estimation of summer extreme temperature over South Korea using mixtures of conditional autoregressive species sampling model

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    ๊ธฐ์ƒ ์ž๋ฃŒ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ํ•œ ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ๊ธฐํ›„๊ฐ€ ์ธ์ ‘์ง€์—ญ์˜ ๊ธฐํ›„์™€ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ์–‘์ƒ์„ ๋„๊ณ  ๊ฐ ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ํ™•๋ฅ  ๋ฐ€๋„ ํ•จ์ˆ˜ (probability density function)๊ฐ€ ์ž˜ ์•Œ๋ ค์ง„ ํ™•๋ฅ  ๋ชจํ˜•์„ ๋”ฐ๋ฅด์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด์ƒ ๊ธฐํ›„ ํ˜„์ƒ์ด ๋šœ๋ ทํžˆ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ์—ฌ๋ฆ„์ฒ  ํ‰๊ท  ๊ทนํ•œ ๊ธฐ์˜จ(extreme temperature)์˜ ํ™•๋ฅ  ๋ฐ€๋„ ํ•จ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ถ”์ •ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์  ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„ (spatial correlation)๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜๋Š” ๋น„๋ชจ์ˆ˜ ๋ฒ ์ด์ง€์•ˆ (nonparametric Bayesian) ๋ชจํ˜•์ธ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ถ€ ์ž๊ธฐํšŒ๊ท€์ข…์ถ”์ถœ ํ˜ผํ•ฉ๋ชจํ˜• (mixtures of conditional autoregression species sampling model)์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ž๋ฃŒ๋Š” ์ด์ŠคํŠธ์•ต๊ธ€๋ฆฌ์•„ ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต (University of East Anglia)์—์„œ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ์ „ ์ง€๊ตฌ์˜ ์ตœ๋Œ€ ๊ธฐ์˜จ๊ณผ ์ตœ์†Œ ๊ธฐ์˜จ์ž๋ฃŒ ์ค‘ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. This paper considers a probability density estimation problem of climate values. In particular, we focus on estimating probability densities of summer extreme temperature over South Korea. It is known that the probability density of climate values at one location is similar to those at near by locations and one doesnt follow well known parametric distributions. To accommodate these properties, we use a mixture of conditional autoregressive species sampling model, which is a nonparametric Bayesian model with a spatial dependency. We apply the model to a dataset consisting of summer maximum temperature and minimum temperature over South Korea. The dataset is obtained from University of East Anglia.OAIID:RECH_ACHV_DSTSH_NO:T201632483RECH_ACHV_FG:RR00200001ADJUST_YN:EMP_ID:A075878CITE_RATE:0DEPT_NM:ํ†ต๊ณ„ํ•™๊ณผEMAIL:[email protected]_YN:NN
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