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    Ostrom의 Institutional Analysis and Development 뢄석틀을 μ€‘μ‹¬μœΌλ‘œ

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    ν•™μœ„λ…Όλ¬Έ (석사) -- μ„œμšΈλŒ€ν•™κ΅ λŒ€ν•™μ› : ν–‰μ •λŒ€ν•™μ› ν–‰μ •ν•™κ³Ό(정책학전곡), 2021. 2. ꢌ혁주 .This study starts with a question "What is the form of urban commons?" and another question "What determines the success or failure of community building. Recently, the concept of commons has been expanded from natural resources to intangible resources such as knowledge, and the spatial scope of commons has also been expanded into urban area. Thus, this study defines the village community as a Social and Civic Commons. Elinor Ostrom effectively refuted the classical commons theory 'Tragedy of the Commons' through the Institutional Analysis and Development Framework(IADF), suggesting the possibility of autonomy of the commons. Therefore, using Ostrom's IADF as a theoretical tool, the study analyzes the Seongmisan Village Community, known as the most successful village community in Seoul. The study analyzes the formation and operation factors of Seongmisan Village Community from the perspective of commons. Through the analysis of the case of Seongmisan Village Community, This study intends to discover the success factors of the formation and operation of the village community in terms of commons. Seongmisan Village Community is an urban village community located in Mapo-gu, Seoul. The village community was found in 1994 when it opened the 'Woori Pre-Kindergarteb,' a cooperative-type childcare center. Since then, Seongmisan Village Community has been operating various cooperative-type village communities such as Woolim Consumer Cooperative and Seongmisan School, widening its influence to the local community. This study used literature reveiw and conducted semi structred in-depth interviews to analyze the case of Seongmisan Village Community. Based on the data collected through in-depth interviews, WordCloud was created to visualize the results through the NetMinor program. Based on the analysis of literature and in-depth interview details, the factors and effective operating principles of Seongmisan Village Community are as follows. First, Seongmisan Village Community has a typical bottom-up structure in which individuals are self-governing to solve personal and social issues. Seongmisan Village Community was formed by individuals who were in need of alternative form of child care system. Therefore, the members of Seongmisan Village Community shared similar goals and expectations regarding the purpose of each community activity. Second, Seongmisan Village Community is operated on the basis of the value and institutional foundation of Shared Parenting and Consumer Cooperatives. Seongmisan Village Community was formed by actors who were eager to establish an alternative form of parenting, which is shared parenting, by adopting the institutional framework of the shared parenting system and Consumer Cooperatives. Therefore, Seongmisan Village Community was able to flexibly respond to the challenging exogeneous variables faced while operating the village community using them as an opportunity to develop the community village system. Third, Seongmisan Village Community operates in an institutional framework that conforms to the eight institutional principles presented by Ostrom. The members of Seongmisan Village Community are actively and voluntarily involved in village activities while formating, modifying and adjusting rules suitable for them. In addition, it was revealed through the analysis that Seongmisan Village Community has secured a community system principle consistent with the institutional principles suggested by Ostrom for sustainable communities and Seongmisan Village Community operating the community accordingly. This study expanded the scope of the study of commons by analyzing a new type of commons called community, away from the existing research that limited the range of commons only to natural resources. Moreover, unlike the prior studies of IADF which were mainly conducted on the Action Arena, it is meaningful in that it analyzed the formation and operating factors of the commons through exogenous variables by analyzing the case of Seongmisan Village Community.이 μ—°κ΅¬λŠ” β€œλ„μ‹œ 곡유재 ν˜•νƒœλŠ” 무엇인가?β€λΌλŠ” 질문과 β€œλ§ˆμ„κ³΅λ™μ²΄ μ„±νŒ¨λ₯Ό μ’Œμš°ν•˜λŠ” μš”μ†ŒλŠ” λ¬΄μ—‡μΈκ°€β€λΌλŠ” 연ꡬ 질문과 ν•¨κ»˜ μΆœλ°œν•œλ‹€. 졜근 곡유재의 κ°œλ…μ΄ μœ ν˜•(ζœ‰ε½’)의 μžμ—°μžμ›μ—μ„œ 지식과 같은 λ¬΄ν˜•(η„‘ε½’)μžμ›κΉŒμ§€ ν™•λŒ€λ˜μ—ˆκ³ , 곡유재 곡간적 λ²”μœ„λ„ λ„μ‹œ κ³΅κ°„μœΌλ‘œ ν™•μž₯λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€. 이에 이 μ—°κ΅¬λŠ” μ‚¬νšŒμ™€ μ‹œλ―Όμ˜ 곡유재(Social and Civil Commons)λΌλŠ” κ΄€μ μ—μ„œ λ§ˆμ„κ³΅λ™μ²΄λ₯Ό 곡유재둜 μ •μ˜ λ‚΄λ¦°λ‹€. Elinor Ostrom은 곡유재의 자치 κ°€λŠ₯성을 μ œμ‹œν•˜λ©° 고전적 곡유재 이둠인 β€˜κ³΅μœ μ§€μ˜ 비극’을 μ œλ„λΆ„μ„ν‹€μ„ ν†΅ν•˜μ—¬ 효과적으둜 λ°˜λ°•ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. λ”°λΌμ„œ 이 μ—°κ΅¬λŠ” Ostrom의 μ œλ„λΆ„μ„ν‹€μ„ 이둠적 μžμ›μœΌλ‘œ μ‚Όμ•„ μ„œμšΈμ‹œ λŒ€ν‘œμ μΈ 사생적 λ§ˆμ„κ³΅λ™μ²΄λ‘œ μ•Œλ €μ§„ μ„±λ―Έμ‚° λ§ˆμ„κ³΅λ™μ²΄λ₯Ό λΆ„μ„ν•œλ‹€. 곡유재 κ΄€μ μ—μ„œ μ„±λ―Έμ‚° λ§ˆμ„κ³΅λ™μ²΄ ν˜•μ„±κ³Ό μš΄μ˜μš”μΈμ„ μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄μ•˜λ‹€. μ„±λ―Έμ‚° λ§ˆμ„κ³΅λ™μ²΄ 사둀뢄석을 톡해 곡유재 μ°¨μ›μ—μ„œ λ§ˆμ„κ³΅λ™μ²΄ ν˜•μ„±κ³Ό 운영의 성곡 μš”μΈμ„ λ°œκ²¬ν•˜κ³ μž ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. μ„±λ―Έμ‚° λ§ˆμ„κ³΅λ™μ²΄λŠ” μ„œμšΈμ‹œ λ§ˆν¬κ΅¬μ— μœ„μΉ˜ν•œ λ„μ‹¬ν˜• λ§ˆμ„κ³΅λ™μ²΄μ΄λ‹€. 이 λ§ˆμ„κ³΅λ™μ²΄λŠ” 1994λ…„ ν˜‘λ™μ‘°ν•©ν˜• κ³΅λ™μœ‘μ•„ 어린이집인 β€˜μš°λ¦¬μ–΄λ¦°μ΄μ§‘β€™μ„ κ°œμ›ν•˜λ©° 처음 λ§ˆμ„κ³΅λ™μ²΄λ₯Ό ν˜•μ„±ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 이후 μ„±λ―Έμ‚° λ§ˆμ„κ³΅λ™μ²΄λŠ” μšΈλ¦Όλ‘λ ˆμƒν˜‘, 성미산학ꡐ와 같은 λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ ν˜‘λ™μ‘°ν•© ν˜•νƒœμ˜ λ§ˆμ„κ³΅λ™μ²΄λ₯Ό μš΄μ˜ν•˜λ©° μ§€μ—­μ‚¬νšŒλ‘œ λ§ˆμ„ ν™œλ™μ˜ 외연을 ν™•μž₯ν•΄κ°€κ³  μžˆλ‹€. 이 μ—°κ΅¬λŠ” μ„±λ―Έμ‚° λ§ˆμ„κ³΅λ™μ²΄ 사둀λ₯Ό λΆ„μ„ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ λ¬Έν—Œ 뢄석과 심측 면접을 ν™œμš©ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 심측 면접을 톡해 μˆ˜μ§‘ν•œ 자료λ₯Ό λ°”νƒ•μœΌλ‘œ λ„·λ§ˆμ΄λ„ˆ(NetMinor) ν”„λ‘œκ·Έλž¨μ˜ WordCloudλ₯Ό ν™œμš©ν•˜μ—¬ 주어진 자료λ₯Ό μ‹œκ°ν™”ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. λ¬Έν—Œ 뢄석과 심측 λ©΄μ ‘ λ‚΄μš© 뢄석을 λ°”νƒ•μœΌλ‘œ μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³Έ μ„±λ―Έμ‚° λ§ˆμ„κ³΅λ™μ²΄ ν˜•μ„±μš”μΈκ³Ό 효과적 μš΄μ˜μ›λ¦¬λŠ” λ‹€μŒκ³Ό κ°™λ‹€. 첫째, μ„±λ―Έμ‚° λ§ˆμ„κ³΅λ™μ²΄λŠ” κ°œμΈλ“€μ΄ ν˜„μ‹€μ μΈ 문제λ₯Ό ν•΄κ²°ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ μžμƒμ μœΌλ‘œ ν˜•μ„±λœ μ „ν˜•μ μΈ 상ν–₯식(Bottom up) ꡬ쑰λ₯Ό 가진닀. μ„±λ―Έμ‚° λ§ˆμ„κ³΅λ™μ²΄λŠ” β€˜μœ‘μ•„β€™λΌλŠ” μ ˆλ°•ν•œ ν˜„μ‹€μ˜ 문제λ₯Ό ν•΄κ²°ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•œ κ°œμΈλ“€μ΄ λͺ¨μ—¬ ν˜•μ„±λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€. λ”°λΌμ„œ μ„±λ―Έμ‚° λ§ˆμ„κ³΅λ™μ²΄λŠ” ꡬ성원듀이 μˆ˜ν‰μ  관계 μ†μ—μ„œ κ³΅λ™μ˜ λͺ©ν‘œλ₯Ό μ„€μ •ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. λ˜ν•œ, κ³΅λ™μ˜ λͺ©ν‘œ 달성을 μœ„ν•œ λ°©ν–₯μ„± 섀정에 μžˆμ–΄ 높은 λ™μ§ˆμ„±μ„ λ³΄μ˜€λ‹€. λ‘˜μ§Έ, μ„±λ―Έμ‚° λ§ˆμ„κ³΅λ™μ²΄λŠ” κ³΅λ™μœ‘μ•„μ™€ ν˜‘λ™μ‘°ν•©μ΄λΌλŠ” κ°€μΉ˜μ Β·μ œλ„μ  κΈ°λ°˜μ„ ν† λŒ€λ‘œ μš΄μ˜λœλ‹€. μ„±λ―Έμ‚° λ§ˆμ„κ³΅λ™μ²΄λŠ” κ³΅λ™μœ‘μ•„λΌλŠ” λŒ€μ•ˆμ  μœ‘μ•„μ˜ ν˜•νƒœλ₯Ό μ‹€ν˜„ν•˜κ³ μž ν•˜λŠ” ν–‰μœ„μžλ“€μ΄ κ³΅λ™μœ‘μ•„μš΄λ™κ³Ό ν˜‘λ™μ‘°ν•©μ˜ μ œλ„μ  틀을 μ±„νƒν•˜μ—¬ λ§ˆμ„κ³΅λ™μ²΄λ₯Ό κ΅¬μ„±ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. λ”°λΌμ„œ μ„±λ―Έμ‚° λ§ˆμ„κ³΅λ™μ²΄λŠ” μš΄μ˜κ³Όμ •μ—μ„œ μ§λ©΄ν•œ 도전적 μ™Έμƒλ³€μˆ˜λ“€μ— μœ μ—°ν•˜κ²Œ λŒ€μ‘ν•˜λ©° 곡동체 ν™•μž₯을 μœ„ν•œ κ³„κΈ°λ‘œ ν™œμš©ν•  수 μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€. μ…‹μ§Έ, μ„±λ―Έμ‚° λ§ˆμ„κ³΅λ™μ²΄λŠ” Ostrom이 μ œμ‹œν•˜λŠ” 8가지 μ œλ„μ  원리에 λΆ€ν•©ν•˜λŠ” μ œλ„μ  ν‹€ μ†μ—μ„œ 운영되고 μžˆλ‹€. μ„±λ―Έμ‚° λ§ˆμ„κ³΅λ™μ²΄λŠ” ν˜‘λ™μ‘°ν•©μ˜ μš΄μ˜μ›μΉ™μ— 따라 ꡬ성원듀이 적극적이고 자발적으둜 λ§ˆμ„ ν™œλ™μ— κ΄€μ—¬ν•˜λ©° μžμ‹ λ“€μ—κ²Œ μ ν•©ν•œ κ·œμΉ™μ„ ν˜•μ„±Β·μˆ˜μ •Β·μ μš©μ΄ μˆœν™˜ν•œλ‹€. 이외에도 Ostrom이 μ œμ‹œν•œ 지속가λŠ₯ν•œ κ³΅λ™μ²΄μ˜ μ œλ„ μ›λ¦¬λ‘œ μ œμ‹œν•˜λŠ” ν•­λͺ©λ“€μ— λΆ€ν•©ν•˜λŠ” 곡동체 μ œλ„ 원리λ₯Ό ν™•λ³΄ν•˜κ³  이에 따라 곡동체λ₯Ό μš΄μ˜ν•΄κ°€κ³  μžˆμŒμ„ ν™•μΈν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 이 μ—°κ΅¬λŠ” μœ ν˜•μ˜ μžμ—°μžμ›μ— κ΅­ν•œλ˜μ—ˆλ˜ 기쑴의 μ—°κ΅¬μ—μ„œ λ²—μ–΄λ‚˜ κ³΅λ™μ²΄λΌλŠ” μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ ν˜•νƒœμ˜ 곡유재λ₯Ό μ—°κ΅¬ν•¨μœΌλ‘œμ¨ 곡유재 μ—°κ΅¬μ˜ λ²”μœ„λ₯Ό ν™•μž₯ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. λ˜ν•œ, ν–‰μœ„κ³„(Action Arena)에 λŒ€ν•œ 연ꡬ가 μ£Όλ₯Ό μ΄λ£¨μ—ˆλ˜ μ œλ„λΆ„μ„ν‹€μ˜ 선행연ꡬ듀과 달리 κ³΅λ™μ²΄λΌλŠ” 곡유재의 속성에 맞게 μ™Έμƒλ³€μˆ˜λ₯Ό ν†΅ν•˜μ—¬ 곡유재 ν˜•μ„±κ³Ό μš΄μ˜μš”μΈμ„ λΆ„μ„ν–ˆλ‹€λŠ” μ μ—μ„œ 연ꡬ μ˜μ˜κ°€ μžˆλ‹€.제 1 μž₯ μ„œλ‘  1 제 1 절 μ—°κ΅¬μ˜ λ°°κ²½ 및 λͺ©μ  1 제 2 절 μ—°κ΅¬μ˜ λŒ€μƒκ³Ό 방법 3 제 3 절 μ—°κ΅¬μ˜ ν•„μš”μ„±κ³Ό 의의 5 제 2 μž₯ 이둠적 λ°°κ²½κ³Ό 선행연ꡬ κ²€ν†  6 제 1 절 이둠적 λ°°κ²½ 6 1. κ³΅μœ μž¬λ‘œμ„œμ˜ λ§ˆμ„κ³΅λ™μ²΄ 6 2. Ostrom의 μ œλ„λΆ„μ„ν‹€(IADF) 10 3. μ œλ„λ‘œμ„œμ˜ λ§ˆμ„κ³΅λ™μ²΄ 12 제 2 절 선행연ꡬ κ²€ν†  15 1. 뢄야별 선행연ꡬ 동ν–₯ 15 제 3 절 μ—°κ΅¬μ˜ 차별성 16 제 3 μž₯ 뢄석틀과 연ꡬ방법 18 제 1 절 μ™Έμƒλ³€μˆ˜ 18 1. 물리적 쑰건(Physical Conditions) 19 2. 곡동체 속성(Attributes of Community) 20 3. κ·œμΉ™(Rule-in-Use) 22 제 2 절 ν–‰μœ„κ³„(Action Arena) 24 1. ν–‰μœ„μž(Actors) 24 2. μ‹€ν–‰κ·œμΉ™(Operational Rules-in-Use) 25 3. μ „λž΅(Strategy) 27 제 3 절 μƒν˜Έμž‘μš© νŒ¨ν„΄(Interaction) 28 1. ν˜‘λ ₯ 28 2. λΉ„ν˜‘λ ₯ 28 제 4 절 연ꡬ방법 29 1. λ¬Έν—Œ 뢄석 29 2. 심측 λ©΄μ ‘ 30 3. λ„·λ§ˆμ΄λ„ˆ(NetMinor) 뢄석 32 제 4 μž₯ μ„±λ―Έμ‚° λ§ˆμ„κ³΅λ™μ²΄ 사둀뢄석 33 제 1 절 사둀뢄석 κ°œμš” 33 제 2 절 λ§ˆμ„κ³΅λ™μ²΄ κ°œμš” 35 1. μ „κΈ° μ„±λ―Έμ‚° λ§ˆμ„κ³΅λ™μ²΄ (1994-2006) 36 2. ν›„κΈ° μ„±λ―Έμ‚° λ§ˆμ„κ³΅λ™μ²΄(2007-ν˜„μž¬) 41 제 3 절 λ§ˆμ„κ³΅λ™μ²΄ ν˜•μ„± 성곡 μš”μΈ 뢄석 45 1. κ³΅λ™μœ‘μ•„μ—°κ΅¬νšŒ ν•™μŠ΅ λͺ¨μž„ 46 2. μ„±λ―Έμ‚° λ°°μˆ˜μ§€ κ±΄μ„€κ³„νš 57 3. (사)μ‚¬λžŒκ³Ό λ§ˆμ„ 섀립 66 4. 홍읡학원 학ꡐ μ‹ μΆ• 71 제 4 절 λ§ˆμ„κ³΅λ™μ²΄ 운영 성곡 μš”μΈ 뢄석 75 1. 곡동체 ꡬ성원 μ„ΈλŒ€ κ°ˆλ“± 76 2. μž‘μ€λ‚˜λ¬΄ 카페 폐업 81 3. λ§ˆμ„κ³΅λ™μ²΄ 지원 μ‘°λ‘€ μ œμ • 86 4. ν˜‘λ™μ‘°ν•©κΈ°λ³Έλ²• μ‹œν–‰κ·œμΉ™ μ œμ • 90 제 5 절 뢄석결과 λ…Όμ˜ 93 1. 곡동체 ν˜•μ„±μ„ μœ„ν•œ κ°€μΉ˜μ™€ μ œλ„μ  기반 94 2. λŒ€μ•ˆκ³΅λ™μ²΄ λΆ€μž¬ 97 제 5 μž₯ κ²°λ‘  100 제 1 절 μ—°κ΅¬μ˜ μš”μ•½ 100 제 2 절 정책적 ν•¨μ˜ 및 μ œμ–Έ 102 μ°Έ κ³  λ¬Έ ν—Œ 109 Abstract 113 뢀둝 117Maste
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