111 research outputs found
λ ΈμΈ λ§μ±μ§νμμ 건κ°κ΄λ ¨ μΆμ μ§ μν₯μμΈ λΆμ λ° μμΈ‘λͺ¨λΈ κ°λ°
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3. μν₯μμΈ λΆμ 62
3.1 DecisionTree model 62
3.2 Random Forest model 65
3.3 Support Vector Machine model 67
3.4 Stepwise Logistic Regression model 67
3.5 Comparison of influencing factors 69
4. κ°μ€λͺ¨ν μμ 74
5. μ°κ΅¬κ°μ€ κ²μ 76
6. μμΈ‘λͺ¨λΈ κ°λ° 78
6.1 DecisionTree model 78
6.2 Random Forest model 79
6.3 Support Vector Machine model 80
6.4 Stepwise Logistic Regression model 82
7. μμΈ‘λͺ¨λΈ νκ° 83
7.1 DecisionTree model 83
7.2 Random Forest model 85
7.3. Support Vector Machine model 87
7.4. Stepwise Logistic Regression model 89
7.5 Comparison of all prediction models 91
8. κΈ°κ³νμ΅ κΈ°λ²μ μ μ©κ°λ₯μ± νμ 93
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References 115
Appendix 133
Abstract 187Docto
Effectiveness of Inferior Oblique Myectomy in Unilateral Superior Oblique Palsy Depending on Magnitude of Hyperdeviation
Purpose
To evaluate surgical outcome and effectiveness of inferior oblique (IO) myectomy on unilateral superior oblique palsy (SOP) as a primary treatment.
Methods
This study is a retrospective review of the medical records of 99 patients who had undergone IO myectomy due to SOP as a first-line treatment. Sixty-five patients with hyperdeviation of 15 prism diopters (PD) or less were categorized into group 1, 22 patients with hyperdeviation between 16 PD to 20 PD into group 2, and 12 patients with hyperdeviation higher than 20 PD into group 3. Preoperative hyperdeviation, postoperative hyperdeviation, and improvement of head tilting were then compared between the 3 groups. Surgery was determined to be successful when the post-op residual hyperdeviation is less than 5 PD, or when the improvement of hyperdeviation and head tilting was noted, for the patients who had preoperative deviation less than 5 PD, and without hypercorrection.
Results
All groups showed significant improvement of hyperdeviation, and the amount of correction was larger in group with larger preoperative hyperdeviation. 80.3%, 95.0%, and 90.9% of patients showed improvement of head tiling and success rate was 87.7%, 77.3%, and 50.0% in group 1, 2, and 3 respectively. Group 1 and 2, group 2 and 3 had no significant difference in success rate but only group 1 and 3 had significant difference.
Conclusions
Considering success rate with improvement of head position, self-titrating and possibility of overcorrection, IO myectomy could be an effective option as a first-line surgical treatment for unilateral SOP with hyperdeviation of 20 PD or less. However, due to a 50% success rate in patients with hyperdeviation larger than 20 PD, a secondary operation must be considered following IO myectomy, or a two-muscle procedure must be considered as a primary treatment.ope
Development of ontology-based dialogue system for efficient cancer information supply : focused on the provision of gastric cancer informatio
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[μλ¬Έ]Cancer is number one killer in Korea. Koreans want to learn about cancer and the importance of managing the disease is ever-increasing. Under the circumstances, however, people have difficulties in finding information customized to their needs among abundant information available to them. This paper aims to develop an ontology-based dialogue system for the effective provision of customized information to the public and present measures to utilize the system through assessment.Research was conducted on FAQs on web sites providing information about cancer. A number of cancer related web sites were run by hospitals, associations, and companies in Korea. A total of 140 FAQs on gastric cancer information were collected and finally arranged into 126 sets of question and answer. A total of 286 key words were selected from the questions. Definitions of 95 terms out of the key words were excerpted from a terminology dictionary.In this study, an ontology dialog system was built with the Protege 2000 Ver 3.0. This ontology system was linked with the Dialogue Agent. Users entered a question through the Interface to ask the Dialogue Agent for an answer. The Interface was programmed through the Visual Studio.NET 2003. Similar to the existing dialogue agents, ASP.NET was used so as for the Interface to be run on the Internet and C# was used as behind Code. MS-SQL Sever was chosen as DBMS which can be approached through ADO.NET for the protection of unauthorized connection. The resulting CancerQ system was run on the web(URL : http://cancerq.ezzin.com).To assess performance of the ontology system, searching capability and usability was measured. For the assessment of searching capability, a cancer specialist and a researcher did searching on the system two times to measure the recall, precision, and F-measure. They both reported that the ontology system performed better than existing web sites. For the usability assessment, a total of 36 non-experts and medical experts did searching on gastric cancer information both on the existing web sites and the ontology system. Searching time, searching stage, and satisfaction with the results were compared. Unlike the medical experts who already had knowledge on the disease, the non-experts spent more time and stage in finding needed information, searched more times and expressed less satisfaction when using the existing system compared to the ontology system. Therefore, the ontology system was found to be more effective for the provision of specialized knowledge to non-experts than to experts.The web site of the National Cancer Information Center (NCIC) provides information on cancer through a variety of ways including keyword searching, content searching, category searching, and terminology dictionary. If the ontology-based dialogue agent is improved into a more advanced system and then added to the web of the NCIC, it could provide faster and more user-friendly access to non-experts.ope
A Scheme to Promote Web-Based Education and Training for Human Resource Development
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ν©μ λ°μ λ°©ν₯μ μ μνλ€.1. Study Overview
This study intends to diagnose the operating status and problems of web-based education and training in Korea and identify the needs of those engaged in it. In so doing, methods for its quality improvement through rational and comprehensive development are sought.
Described below are the methodologies used in this study.
First, through relevant materials and documents, this study analyzed current policies and systems regarding web-based education and training, and identified hardware infrastructure and education and training institution operation status.
Second, to analyze web-based education and training institution operating status, this study examined nine distance learning colleges and 60 web-based education and training institutions.
Third, to identify Korean adult awareness of web-based education and training institutions, this study phone-surveyed 1,005 respondents and analyzed the needs of 2,261 web-based education and training learners.
Fourth, sessions of experts and others working in this area were convened to identify the current state and problems of web-based education and training overall.
Fifth, seminars with government agencies, related institutions, education and training institutions and industrial figures were conducted to collect opinions of those actively operating in this area on ways to improve web-based education and training quality.
2. Web-Based Education and Training Infrastructure Level Analysis
This study reviewed the policies, systems and hardware of web-based education and training to survey its infrastructure level.
A. Policies and Systems
The analysis results of the policies and systems infrastructure regarding web-based education and training in Korea are as follows.
β Relevant laws and regulations should be improved so web-based education and training may apply, operate and expand efficiently in the development of human resources. To the present, government policies and systems for web-based education and training are similar to those for off-line education and training systems provided to classroom style assembled learners.
β Based on close, active cooperation between government agencies concerned, networks to share the resources of systems, personnel, materials, information and programs should be established and utilized to increase learner population and expand web-based education and training services.
β Evaluation systems must be introduced for the quality control of web-based education and training. They will have to reflect the special nature of web-based education and training and should not be restricted by the framework existing for off-line education and training of physically assembled learners.
β Government support is required to encourage attempts at web-based education and training service diversification and innovation.
β To identify and disseminate web-based education and training models, it is necessary to foster specialists in this area and systematic support is an imperative.
β In general, systematic conditions are steadily improving but the principle of equity has not been fully achieved in terms of beneficiaries and regions. Those excluded from off-line education and training programs are also excluded from web-based programs. This situation has been pointed out as an issue to be addressed and government policies and countermeasures should be implemented.
B. Hardware Infrastructure
The Korean web-based education and training hardware infrastructure analysis results are as follows.
β On the international scene, Korea is far ahead of other countries in terms of hardware infrastructure. In hardware utilization such as Internet access and contents, Korea is one of the most active countries in the world.
β Demographically, however, hardware infrastructure establishment and utilization leaves huge gaps between occupations, ages and educational backgrounds.
β Conclusively, Korea has built sufficient hardware infrastructure upon which web-based education and training may rapidly evolve into a medium for life-long education for human resource development. However, policies and systems still need to be refined and supplemented to minimize existing gaps between social and economic strata and realize information-user equality.
3. Web-Based Education and Training Operating Status Analysis
Analysis of the operating status of distance learning colleges supported by the Ministry of Education and Human Resources and education and training institution enterprises supported by the Ministry of Labor, reveals the following problems.
β Recipients of this education are relatively few. Despite the fact that web-based education and training can be an effective means of continued education, web-based programs are not very different from those of existing off-line education programs.
β Contents quality and education methods are not managed effectively. Instead of providing education befitting the nature of web-based programs, they currently offer the same contents as off-line programs.
β The roles of those engaged in web-based education and training such as lecturers, operators and government officials don't have yet to be clarified and they must continue to enhance this expertise.
4. Web-Based Education and Training Awareness and Learner Needs Analysis
A. Awareness Survey
Analysis of Korean adult awareness of web-based education and training obtained the following results.
β Generally, Korea adults are well aware of web-based education and training, express high expectations of it and a strong willingness to participate. At the same time, most individuals optimistically prospect on the future of web-based education and training and expect it will expand steadily in the future.
β Contrary to such this high level of awareness, the need for policies and systematic support for web-based education and training is not understood sufficiently and needs to be promoted to the general public more systematically.
β Given that Korean adults believe that both the effect and fee of web-based education and training would be lower than off-line education and training, the quality of web-based education and training should be improved in the future.
B. Learner Needs Survey
Web-based education and training learner needs analysis is as follows.
β Multi-faceted public relations activities are required. Currently, the main source of information on web-based education and training is the internal information network of those companies. To facilitate the web-based education and training market, a variety of public relations activities including advertisement through mass media are necessary.
β Recipient-oriented contents development is required. Contents should be designed and developed through accurate learner needs analysis.
β Job function-related advanced courses and certificate courses need to be established. It has been pointed out that most courses are general courses related to job functions. It is contrary to the survey results that a great percentage of learners want advanced courses related to job functions and certificate courses.
5. Web-Based Education and Training Development Methods
The following are recommendations for developing web-based education and training based on the study results.
A. Basic Principles
Described below are the basic principles on which web-based education and training may grow into a life-long education system for all Koreans.
First, the identity of web-based education and training should be established and opportunity for participation expanded.
Second, web-based education and training quality should be improved.
Third, the foundation of an operating system to maximize the potential of web-based education and training should be established.
B. Plan and Strategy
β More people from more diverse backgrounds should participate in web-based education and training.
- Re-define the learners of web-based education and training and improve relevant systems and standards(admission standards, supporting standards, etc.).
- Conduct surveys on the needs and requirements of web-based education and training regularly to raise web-based education and training participation rates and to develop a variety of educational courses and contents accordingly.
- Set up active measures at the national level to increase the web-based education and training participation of those neglected.
- Establish diverse and active promotion systems for web-based education and training.
β The quality of web-based education and training should be improved.
- Lay groundwork for introducing an independent quality control system by strengthening the autonomy and accountability of web-based education and training institutions.
- Improve the flexibility of structures, contents and systems of relevant institutions and laws in such a way that accommodates the nature and diversity of web-based education and training.
- Establish various incentive and evaluation systems that encourage and enable education and training institutions to promote quality control on their own.
- Support research on web-based education and training at the government level.
β Operating systems should be established to make the most of the potential of web-based education and training through alignment, informatization and standardization.
- Forge close cooperative ties among government, education and training institutions, industries and academia for efficient operation of web-based education and training.
- Establish information systems that link human, physical and information resources related to web-based education and training efficiently and conduct competitions and exhibitions to this regard.
- By standardizing web-based education and training, maximize its operating systems efficiency.
- Based on systematic analysis of job functions, define the roles of those involved in web-based education and training and establish various training and certificate systems to foster and secure specialists in this area.
- Develop efficient models such as for the operation of administration, school and academic affairs in relation to web-based education and training.μ°κ΅¬μμ½
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ABSTRACT 223
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A Study on Utilizing Distance Education and Training for the Development of Vocational Skills of Foreign Workers
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λ₯λ ₯κ°λ°μ μν μ격κ΅μ‘νλ ¨ νμ© λ°©μμ μ μνκ³ μ νλ€.The purpose of this study is to suggest measures and strategies to help facilitate distance education training system which is considered to support the vocational skill training for foreign workers.
For this purpose, literature review was employed to explore the meanings, roles, and definitions of vocational skills training system for foreign workers, which leads to draw the policy implications toward distance education training. Survey and interview were also conducted (a) to examine the current situation of vocational skill training situations for foreign workers and (b) to analyze the needs of foreign workers and employers in pre-job training, job training, and post-job training. An expert panel, lastly, was made to confirm the validity of research direction and methodology and to draw the suggestions for the utilization of distance training for foreign workers.
Through this process, the strategies for further development of distance training for foreign workers are proposed as the study conclusions.λͺ© μ°¨
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SUMMARY 331
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곡νλΆ, 2018. 8. μ‘°ν¬μ°¬.The most common process of extracting lithium from spodumene is the sulfuric acid roasting process. In this process, spodumene is roasted with sulfuric acid at 250 Β°C followed by leaching with water to extract lithium in the solution. However, this process is preceded by a calcination step at a temperature of over 1000 Β°C to transform Ξ±βspodumene to Ξ²βspodumene before the roasting stage. This calcination step consumes a large amount of energy. Many studies have been conducted to develop a novel process for extracting lithium from spodumene, however, most studies only dealt with Ξ²-spodumene formed after the transformation stage. Only a few studies made use of Ξ±-spodumene.
Hence, in this study, lithium was extracted from Ξ±-spodumene directly without the phase-transformation at temperature over 1000 Β°C. For this process, the alkali fusion method was chosen because it is the typical pre-treatment method for silicate minerals. This study is divided into two parts: (1) sodium hydroxide (NaOH) fusion, (2) sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) fusion. Experiments were conducted at various conditions to determine the optimum condition for extracting lithium.
In the NaOH fusion test, the optimum fusion conditions were 600 Β°C fusion temperature, 60min fusion time, and 1.5:1 NaOH/sample ratiofurthermore, the leaching conditions were 5min leaching time and 25 Β°C leaching temperature. The extraction efficiency of lithium under these conditions was 63.88%.
In the Na2CO3 fusion test, the fusion temperature was fixed at 850 Β°C. At this fusion temperature, the optimum fusion conditions for were 60 min fusion time and 1:1 Na2CO3/sample. The leaching conditions were 5 h leaching time and 1.5 M sulfuric acid concentration. The results of the sodium carbonate fusion test under these conditions show that 99.98% of the lithium in the samples was extracted. However, all the silicon and 75% of the aluminum in the sample was extracted along with lithium. After leaching with 1.5M hydrochloric acid under the same fusion conditions, the lithium extraction was lower than sulfuric acid. However, it was possible to remove silicon and aluminum by adding Na2CO3 into the leachate.
In summary, the optimum fusion and leaching conditions were investigated to extract a high percentage of lithium from spodumene by the alkali fusion method. The results show that almost of the 100% lithium in the samples was extracted with Na2CO3 fusion and sulfuric acid leaching. However considering impurities, the optimum conditions were using 1.5M of hydrochloric acid in the leaching stage followed by removal of Si and Al by adding Na2CO3. This experiment was conducted at a lower temperature than that of the existing processes with no phase-conversion stage. Therefore, it is a better process in terms of the energy consumption and simplicity of the process.Contents
Chapter 1 Introduction 1
1.1 Research background 1
1.2 Recent studies 8
1.3 Research objectives 10
Chapter 2 Background 11
2.1 Properties of lithium and spodumene 11
2.2 Alkali fusion method 13
Chapter 3 Materials and methods 15
3.1 Sample characteristic 15
3.2 Experimental methods 18
3.2.1 Fusion experiment 19
3.2.2 Leaching preparation 23
3.2.3 Separation 25
Chapter 4 Results and Discussion 26
4.1 NaOH fusion method 26
4.1.1 Effect of fusion temperature and time 28
4.1.2 Effect of fusion NaOH/sample ratio 33
4.1.3 Effect of leaching temperature 36
4.2 Na2CO3 fusion method 40
4.2.1 Effect of fusion time 42
4.2.2 Effect of fusion Na2CO3/sample ratio 44
4.2.3 Effect of leaching time 46
4.2.4 Effect of acid (HCl/H2SO4) concentration 49
4.3 Separation 53
Chapter 5 Conclusion 55
References 58
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μ€νΈ μ ν, ν
μ€νΈ ꡬ쑰, ν
μ€νΈ μκ²°μ±μ, μΈμ¬μ λΆμμμλ ν
μ€νΈ 주체, ν
μ€νΈ μμ§μ±, μνΈν
μ€νΈμ±μ λ€λ£¨μλ€. μ¬κΈ°μ λ³Έκ³ μ λΆμμ ν΅μ¬μ ν
μ€νΈ μκ²°μ±κ³Ό ν
μ€νΈ μμ§μ±μ μλ€. μκ²°μ±(cohesion)μ΄λ, ν
μ€νΈ νμ±μ λ΄μ μ§μλ₯Ό νμνλ κ²μΌλ‘, ν
μ€νΈ λ΄λΆμ κ²°μꡬ쑰λ₯Ό λ§νλ€. λ°λ©΄ μμ§μ±(coherence)μ΄λ μκ²°μ±μ μλλλ κ°λ
μΌλ‘, μκ²°μ±μ΄ ν
μ€νΈμ λ¬Έλ²μ κ²°μμ₯μΉ, νμ, νμΈ΅μ΄λΌλ©΄, μμ§μ±μ ν
μ€νΈμ μλ―Έλ‘ μ κ²°μμ₯μΉ, λ΄μ©, μ¬μΈ΅μ΄λΌ ν μ μλ€. λ°λΌμ λ³Έ λ
Όλ¬Έμ ν
μ€νΈ μκ²°μ±μ μμ
κ·Ή κ±°μΈμ μμ
μ κ²°μꡬ쑰 λ° μν₯ λΆμμ μ§μ€λμκ³ , ν
μ€νΈ μμ§μ±μ λ³Έ λ
Όλ¬Έμ μ€μ¬ μ£Όμ λΌ ν μ μλ μ΄μ ν
μ€νΈμ μμ
μ μ μ©κ³Ό μλ―Έμμ±λ°©μμ μ§μ€λμλ€.
μ΄μ κ°μ λΆμμ ν΅ν΄, μ΄μ ν
μ€νΈμ μμ
μ μ μ©κ³Ό κ΄λ ¨νμ¬ λ³Έκ³ μμ λμΆλ κ²°λ‘ μ λ€μμ λ€ κ°μ§ μ¬νμΌλ‘ μ 리λλ€.
첫째, ν©λ¦¬μ±γμ΄μ±μ€μ¬μ£Όμγμμμ κ·λ²μ ν΄μ²΄μ΄λ€. μ΄μ ν
μ€νΈλ λ°(ε)λ‘κ³ μ€μ£Όμμ κΈ°μ΄ν μΈμ΄ν΅μ¬λ‘ μ 무μ, λ¬Έλ²κ·μΉμ μλμ μλ°, μ«μμ κΈ°νΈμ λ€νλ¦Ό, μΈμ΄μ μ미체κ³μ κ΅λ, νΉμ λ¬Έμμ ν΄μ²΄μ μ¬κ²°ν© λ±μ κΈ°λ³Έ νΉμ§μΌλ‘ νλ€. μ΄λ₯Ό ν΅ν΄ μ΄μμ ν΅μνλ κΈ°μ‘΄μ μμ ννλ₯Ό μ² μ ν νκ΄΄ν λ€, μ΄λ₯Ό μμ λ§μ μλ‘μ΄ μΈμ΄λ‘ μ¬κ΅¬μΆνλ€. κ±°μΈμ μμ
ν
μ€νΈ λν ν΄μ²΄γλΆμ°λ κ°μ¬λ°°μΉ, ν μμ μ λΉμ μμ κ³Όλκ°μ‘°, νλ¦μ κ°μμ€λ° μ€λ¨κ³Ό ν΄μ§, μ΄μ§μ κ°μ²΄μ μλΉ μλ μ½μ
λ±μ ν΅ν΄ μ΄μ ν
μ€νΈμ λ°μ΄μ±μ γν΄μ²΄μ£Όμμ λ§₯λ½κ³Ό λ§λκ³ μλ€.
λμ§Έ, μΈμ΄κ΅¬μ‘°μ λΆμμ μ±κ³Ό 주체μ λΆμ¬μ΄λ€. μΈμ΄μ μ€μ‘΄ μ¬μ΄μ λͺ¨μμ κ·Ήλ¨μ μΌλ‘ μΈμ§νκ³ μμλ μ΄μμ΄μκΈ°μ, μ΄μ ν
μ€νΈλ 리μΌλ¦¬μ¦ κ³μ΄ ν
μ€νΈμ λ¬λ¦¬ μΈμ΄λ₯Ό μ§μ§νκ² μμ©νμ§ μλλ€. μ€νλ € μ΄μμ μΈμ΄μ κ·λ²μ±μ μ‘°λ‘±νλ©° κ·Έ κΈ°νλ€μ κ°μ§κ³ μμ λ‘μ΄ μ ν¬λ₯Ό νΌμΉλ€. λμ΄μ°κΈ° κ·μΉμ μλ°, κΈ°ννμ λνμ μ½μ
, λ°©ν₯μ΄ μ 볡λ κΈ°νμ μ«μ κΈ°νλ€μ λμ΄, ꡬλμ 무μ, μΈλμ΄ λ¨λ°, νμμ΄μ κ³Όλ€ν μ¬μ© λ±μ΄ κ·Έλ¬νλ€. μμ
κ·Ή κ±°μΈμ μ΄λ¬ν μΈμ΄μ λΉμΌμμ κΈ°νλμ΄λ€μ μν₯μ°¨μμΌλ‘ μ νν΄ μμ λ‘μ΄ μ리기νλ€μ μ ν¬λ‘μ νΌμ³λκ°λ€. μ΄λ μν₯μ ννλ³μ΄, 과격ν ν
μ€νΈ μΈμΉ¨, κΈκ²©ν μμμ μ€κ°λ λΆμμ ν μλμ΄ μ°κ²°, λ§κ³Ό μ°μ£Όλ₯Ό λμμ νλ λͺ¨νΈν μμ λ±μ ν΅ν΄ λνλλ€.
μ
μ§Έ, νλΌνμμ€γμμ μμ΄λ¬λλ₯Ό ν΅ν μ΄νμ€μ±μ΄λ€. μ΄μλ¬Ένμ λ‘κ³ μ€μ νκ³μ μΈμ΄μ ꡬ쑰μ λͺ¨μμ κ°μ§νκ³ μλ λΆνμ€μ±μ μμμ μν΄ μκΈ°μ, κ·Έ ν
μ€νΈμ λ°νμ΄ μ΄νμ€μ£Όμμ μμ±λ₯Ό λ€λ€. νΉν λ¬Έμ₯μ ν΅μ¬λ‘ μ μ°κ²°μ 무μνκ³ μ μμ¬ μμ΄ λ¬Έμ₯, ꡬ, μ , λͺ
μ¬ μ΄ν λ±μ λμ΄ν΄ λλ νλΌνμμ€(parataxis)κΈ°λ²μ μ΄μ ν
μ€νΈλ₯Ό λ€λ€μ΄μ¦κ³Ό μ΄νμ€μ£Όμμ μΈκ³λ‘ μ μμν¨λ€. μ΄λ¬ν μ΄νμ€μ μΈμ΄κΈ°λ²μ ꡬ체μ μΈ μμ
μ μ μ©μ λͺ
νν κ±°λ‘ νκΈ°λ νλ€κ² μ§λ§, μλ―Έκ° λΆλΆλͺ
ν μμ±μ΄λ€μ μ λ¬μ γ리λ¬μ νμ©, λͺ¨νΈνκ³ λͺ½λ‘±ν μν₯μ μμ°λΌ λ±μ΄ μμ
κ·Ή κ±°μΈμ μ΄νμ€μ μμμΌλ‘ ν΄μλ μ μμ κ²μ΄λ€.
λ·μ§Έ, κΈ°νΈμ μ½λΌ(khora)μ μμ
μ μ΄λμ±μ΄λ€. μ΄μ ν
μ€νΈλ 주체μ ν΅ν©λ μ 체μ±μ΄ κ΅λλκ³ ν
μ€νΈμ μΈμ΄μ²΄κ³κ° ν΄μ²΄λμ΄, κΈ°νλ€μ μ ν¬κ° ν
μ€νΈλ₯Ό κ³Όλ€νκ² μ§λ°°νλ€. κΈ°νΈμ μ½λΌμ κ°μ₯ λνμ μΈ ννλ μμ μμ
μ±μ΄λ€. λμ΄μ°κΈ° κ·μΉμ 무μμμ μ€λ νΈν‘μ κΈ΄λ°κ°, 무μμμ μΆ©λμ μ§μ£Ό, μ΅λλ¦° λ°λ³΅μΆ©λκ³Ό μ§μμ λνμ΄μμ κ°λ° λ±μ ν΅ν΄ λ³Έλ₯μ μ΄κ³ μμ΄μ μΈ μμ
μ λ¦¬λ¬ μ΄λμ±μ΄ λλ¬λλ€. μμ
κ·Ή κ±°μΈμμ μ΄λ¬ν μμ΄μ λ¦¬λ¬ μ΄λμ±μ μ¬λ¬ ννΈμμ μ§μ μ μΌλ‘ λμΆλλ€. μλ‘ κ°μΌκΈμ λ³Έλ₯μ γλ°λ³΅μ μΈ μ λ°ν λ¦¬λ¬ μ§ν, νμ
κ΅°μ λλ°μ μΈ κ²©λ ¬ν λ¦¬λ¬ μ΄λκ³Ό λμΉμ λ¦¬λ¬ κ΅¬μ‘°, κ΄μ
κ΅°μ λΆκ·μΉμ μΌλ‘ λ¬Όκ²°μΉλ μΆ©λμ μν₯ μ μ€μ² λ±μ΄ μ΄μ ν
μ€νΈμ μμ
μ±κ³Ό κ΄λ ¨λ μ μλ μμ
μ νμλ€μ΄λ€.
λ§μ§λ§μΌλ‘ λ³Έ λ
Όλ¬Έμ ν
μ€νΈ νκ° νλͺ©μμ, μμ
κ·Ή κ±°μΈμ λλ¬μΈκ³ κ±°λ‘ λ μ μλ μμ ꡬ쑰μ γμ¬νλ¬Ένμ γμΈκ°κ°μΉμ γμ² νμ γλ―Ένμ - ν
μ€νΈ μνμ μ¬λ¬ μ€μ²μ λ΄λ‘ λ€μ λ€κ°μ μΌλ‘ κ³ μ°°ν΄ λ³΄μλ€. μ°μ μμ
κ·Ή κ±°μΈμ ν
μ€νΈμ νμκ° μμ μ μ§μ€ν μ 체μ±μ μ°Ύμλμλ μ μ λΆμμ ν
μ€νΈμκ³Ό λμμ, κ±°λ κ΄λ£μ‘°μ§ μμμ μΌκ° μν λ§μ λ΄λΉν λΏμΈ κ°μΈμ λΉκ·Ήμ μμΈμ μΈκ°μ± μμ€, κΆμμ£Όμμ μ¬νꡬ쑰, λΉμΈκ°μ νλ ₯μ±, λ¬Όμ§λ§λ₯μ κΈ°κ³μ£Όμμ μΈνμ λν΄ μμ§μ μΌλ‘ κ³ λ°νκ³ μλ μ¬νλΉνμ ν
μ€νΈμ΄λ€. κ±°μΈμ μλ리μ€λ μ² νμ μΌλ‘ μ‘΄μ¬λ‘ κ³Ό μΈμλ‘ μ λ€λ£¨κ³ μλ€. κ±°μΈμ νμ, κ·Έλ κ³ λ₯΄λ μκΈ° 주체μ λΆμμ ν μ΄μμ±μ λͺ©κ²©ν ν, μ΄λ₯Ό κ±°μΈμ 맀κ°λ‘ κ±°μΈ μ μ΄νμ€μ μμμΌλ‘ λ€μ΄κ° 주체μ κ³ ν΅μ€λ° λΆμ΄μ μ’
μμν€κ³ μ νλ€. κ΄κ°λ€μ μμ’
μΌκ΄ μ£Όμ΄μ§λ λ μΉ΄λ‘κ³ μλ―Όν μμ²κ°μ μκ·Ήμ ν΅ν΄ κ³Όμ° μ΄ μμ
κ·Ήμ μκ°κ° 무μμ λ§νκ³ μ νλ κ²μΈμ§, νΌλμ€λ¬μ΄ κ³ λ―Όμ λΉ μ§κ² λλ€. μμ©μ(κ΄κ°)κ° μμ
κ·Ή κ±°μΈμ λν΄ μ΄λ€ μ
μ₯κ³Ό ν΄μμ μ·¨νλ κ°μ, μ΄μμ΄λΌλ νκ΅λ¬Ένμ¬μ κ°μ₯ ν΄μ κ³€λν λ¬Έμ μ ν
μ€νΈκ° μμ
κ·Ήνλμλ€λ κ²μ, νκ΅ κ³΅μ°λ¬Ένκ³μ μλ‘μ΄ λ¬Ένμ μ¦νκ° νμ±λ μ μλ νλμ μλ―Έμ¬μ₯ν μ¬κ±΄μμ νλ¦Όμμ κ²μ΄λ€.
κ·Έλ¬λ μ곑κ°γμ°μ£Όμμ ν¨κ» ν
μ€νΈλ₯Ό 곡λμΌλ‘ μμ±ν΄λκ°λ λ λ€λ₯Έ μ£Όμ²΄μΈ κ΄κ°λ€μ λλΆλΆμ μμ
κ·Ή κ±°μΈκ³Ό μ¨μ ν μ μ΄νμ§ λͺ»νμλ€. λ³Έ λ
Όλ¬Έμ΄ λΉλ‘ μμ©μ λΆμμ ν° λΉμ€μ λμ§λ μμμ§λ§, μ΄λ κ³΅μ° μ£Όμ²΄λ€κ³Όμ μΈν°λ·°, κ³΅μ° ν μ‘°μ±λ λ΄λ‘ λ±μ ν΅ν΄ νμ
λ μ μμλ€. λ³Έ μμ
κ·Ήμ ν
μ€νΈκ° μ§λ μ¨κ° λ€μν μΈμ©λ€μ μΆμ², κ·Έ νμ λ€μ μ¨λ°κ°λ°μμ΄ μ¬λΌμ§κ³ λ¨μ κ²μ, κ°μΌκΈμ νλμ μ£Όλ²λ€κ³Ό λ―Έν‘ν 무λ μ₯μΉ, μ°μΆλ ₯ λ±μ λν 곡νν λ΄λ‘ λ€λΏμ΄μλ€. μ΄ μ μ νκ΅ κ³΅μ°λ¬Ένκ³μ ν₯ν λ―Ένμ γλ¬Ένμ γμ² νμ γμ¬νλ¬Ένμ μΌλ‘ κΉμ μνΈν
μ€νΈμ±μ μ§λ μνλ€μ΄ κ³Όμ° μ΄λ μ λ κ΄κ°λ€μκ² μ¬λμκ² μμ©λ μ μκ³ , κ·Έκ²λ€μ΄ μ΄ μ¬ν λ΄μμ μΈκ°μ μ‘΄μμ±κ³Ό μ§λ¦¬μΆκ΅¬, μμ μ κΉμ΄μ κ΄ν κ°μΉ μλ λ΄λ‘ κ³Ό λ°ν₯μ μμ±ν΄ λΌ μ μμμ§μ λν΄, μ¬κ°ν λ°μ±μ μ΄κ΅¬νκ² νλ€. μμ
κ·Ή κ±°μΈμ λ΄ν¬λ μ΄μκ³Ό μΉ΄νμΉ΄μ κ΅μ°¨μ - μΈκ°μ‘΄μ¬μ λν κ·Έ μ§μ ν λ΄λ©΄μ λ¬Όμλ€κ³Ό, κ·Έκ²λ€μ΄ μ΄λ»κ² μμ
μ μΌλ‘ ν¨κ³Ό μκ² ννλκ³ μ μ©λ μ μμλκ°μ λν λ³Έμ§μ λ΄λ‘ λ€μ λλ΄ νμ±λμ§ λͺ»νμλ€.
ν λλΌμ λ¬Ένμ μμ€μ κ·Έ λλΌμ μμ κ°λ€μ μν΄μλ§ κ²°μ λλ κ²μ΄ μλλ€. κ·Έ μμ μνλ€μ μνν΄λΌ μ μλ μμ€ λμ μ²μ€ - μμ©μμΈ΅ λν μꡬλλ κ²μ΄λ€. μνμ μμ©μλ€μ μν΄ μ¬μμ°λμ΄ μ¬νμ μΌλ‘ λ΄λ‘ ν λλ€. κ·Έλ λ€λ©΄ μμ
κ·Ή κ±°μΈμ κ΄λν μ²μ€λ€μ κ³Όμ° μ΄ μ¬νμμ 무μμ μ¬μμ°ν΄ λ΄κ³ , ν
μ€νΈμ κ΄λ ¨ν΄ μ΄λ€ μ€μ§μ νλμ μ€μ²ν κ²μΈκ°? κ²°κ΅ μμ
κ·Ή κ±°μΈμ, μμ λ³΄λ€ λ μμ μ μΈ κ·Όλμ±μ μΆκ΅¬νλ νκ΅μ νΉμμ±μ κ°λ‘λ§ν μμ©μλ€μ μν μ€μ²μ μ¬μμ°μλ μ΄λ €μμ κ²ͺμλ€.
ν
μ€νΈλ μ΄λ €μλ€. ν
μ€νΈλ, μ곑κ°κ° μ
보μ λ§μΉ¨νλ₯Ό μ°λ μκ° λͺ¨λ μμλ ₯κ³Ό ν΄μμ΄ μ’
κ²°λλ©° λ«νλ²λ¦¬λ μ΄λ€ κ³ μ λ μ€μ²΄κ° μλλ€. ν
μ€νΈλ μ΄μ μμ§μ΄λ©° λμμμ΄ μλ‘μ΄ κ³Όμ μ€μ λμ¬ λ³ννλ€. λ³Έκ³ μ μ°κ΅¬ μ¬λ‘μ κ°μ, λ¬Ένν
μ€νΈμ μμ
ν
μ€νΈλ₯Ό μ°κ²° μ§λ ν΅μμ μ°κ΅¬ λ΄μ§ μ곑κ°μ κ°λ³ μνμ λν λΆμμ μ°κ΅¬λ€μ μμΌλ‘λ κ³μμ μΌλ‘ μλλ κ²μ΄λ€. κ·Έλ λ€λ©΄ μ΄μ λ μ΄λ¬ν λ¬Ένμμ μ μ°κ΅¬λ€μ΄ λ¨μ§ μνμ νμμ μΈ‘λ©΄λ§μ λΆμνλλ° κ·ΈμΉμ§ μκ³ , λ³΄λ€ ν¬κ΄μ μΈ μΈλ¬Ένμ μμΌλ₯Ό ν΅ν΄ ν
μ€νΈ μνμ λ³Έμ§μ μ¬νλ€κΉμ§ νμν μ μλ μΉλ°ν ν΅μ°°λ ₯μ 보μ¬μΌ ν κ²μ΄λ€.
λ³Έ μμ
κ·Ή κ±°μΈμ κΈ°νμμΈ μ΄μ§μμ μ°μ£Όμμκ² κ°μ₯ μ€μν κ²μ, μμ μ΄ μ΄λ€ μμ
μ ν κ²μΈκ°μ λν μΈλ¬Ένμ μμκ³Ό μ² νμ μ¬κ³ λΌκ³ νμλ€. νΉμμ μνλ©΄ λ―Έλμ μΈλ¬Ένμλ μλμΉμ΄ λ κ²μ΄λΌ νλ€. μ°Έλ μΈλ¬Ένκ³Ό μμ μ νμλ λ¬Έλͺ
κ³Ό λμ€μ μΈμ΄μ μν©νμ§ μλλ€. κ·Έλ€μ μΈκ°μ΄ μΈκ°λ€μμ μμ€ν΄κ°λ λ¬Έλͺ
μ΄λΌλ κ΄κΈ°μ νλ ₯μ λμ νκ³ , κ·Έ λ¬Έλͺ
μ΄ λ§λ€μ΄λΈ μ΄μ±μ μΈμ΄μ μ€μλ₯Ό μμλ΄λ κ·μ¨λ€μ κ±°λΆνκ³ μ νλ€. κ·Έλ€μ λμ€μ μμμ΄ μ΄ν΄νμ§ λͺ»νλ κ·Έ λλ¨Έμ μ‘΄μ¬νλ€. λμ€μ μν΅μ λ΄μΈμ μ¬μ νλ μ΄μ μ°½μ‘°μ μΈμ΄λ₯Ό λνμ μ¬λ§μΌλ‘ λμ΄λ΄λ¦¬κ³ μ νλ€. κ·Έλ¬λ μ§μ ν μμ μ μΈμ λ κ·Έ λλ¨Έμ μΈκ³λ₯Ό κΏκΎΈμλ€. κ·Έλ¦¬κ³ κ·Έκ³³μλ μΈκ°μ κ³ μν κ΄μ‘°μ μ‘΄μ¬λ₯Ό μ΄μν μ¬λμ΄ μμλ€.
λ―Έλμ μΈλ¬Έν(μμ
ν) μ°κ΅¬λ μ λ‘λ₯Ό λ΅μ΅νλ 무미건쑰ν κ·λ²μ κΈμ°κΈ°κ° μλ, μ¬λνκ³ κΏκΎΈλ μμ μ±μ°°μ μμΈμ΄κ° λμ΄μΌ ν κ²μ΄λ€.I. μλ‘ 1
1. λ¬Έμ μ κΈ° λ° μ°κ΅¬λͺ©μ 1
2. μ°κ΅¬λ²μ λ° μ°κ΅¬λ°©λ² 4
II. λ΄μ¬μ λΆμ 8
1. ν
μ€νΈ μ ν 9
2. ν
μ€νΈ ꡬ쑰 10
2.1. μμ
κ·Ήν
μ€νΈ 10
2.2. μμ
ν
μ€νΈ 15
2.3. μΈμ΄ν
μ€νΈ 16
3. ν
μ€νΈ μκ²°μ± 18
3.1. νμ 18
3.2. ν
μ€μ² 20
3.3. μν₯μμ 55
3.4. μκ°μμ 84
3.5. 곡κ°μμ 90
III. μΈμ¬μ λΆμ 100
1. ν
μ€νΈ 주체 101
1.1. μΈμ΄ν
μ€νΈ μμ°μ£Όμ²΄ 102
1.2. μμ
ν
μ€νΈ μμ°μ£Όμ²΄ 111
1.3. ν
μ€νΈ μ μ주체(& μλ‘ κ°μΌκΈμ£Όμ) 122
1.4. ν
μ€νΈ μμ¬μ£Όμ²΄ 125
2. ν
μ€νΈ μμ§μ± 128
2.1. μμ
κ·Ή κ±°μΈμ μλ―Έμμ±λ°©μ 128
2.2. μ΄μ ν
μ€νΈμ μμ
μ μ μ© 140
3. μνΈν
μ€νΈμ± 155
3.1. μμ
κ·Ή κ±°μΈκ³Ό κΉλ¨κ΅μ λ€λ₯Έ μνλ€ 156
3.2. μμ
κ·Ή κ±°μΈκ³Ό λ€λ₯Έ μ곑κ°μ μνλ€ 164
IV. ν
μ€νΈ νκ° 166
V. κ²°λ‘ 175
μ°Έκ³ λ¬Έν 182
첨λΆμ
보 190
Abstract 232Maste
- β¦