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    ํƒˆ๋ถํ•™์ƒ ๋‹ค์ˆ˜ ์žฌํ•™ ์ดˆ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต๋ฅผ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ) -- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ์‚ฌ๋ฒ”๋Œ€ํ•™ ์œค๋ฆฌ๊ต์œก๊ณผ, 2022.2. ๋ฐ•์„ฑ์ถ˜.Teacher attitude is an important variable in the success of education. This is because the success or failure of education depends on the teacher attitude. This study analyzes the teacher attitude towards inclusive education in a public school where a significant number of students are North Korean defectors and examines that factors that forms teacher attitude. To this end, the researcher held two rounds of interviews for eight teachers who have taught North Korean defector elementary students for at least one year. The data collected was analyzed through a qualitative study method. Because attitude predicts the action, there is a need to focus on the formation and change in teacher attitude. Thus, teacher attitude can be an indicator of the teacherโ€™s behavior. The theory of planned behavior maintains that the strength of the belief of performing and action and the evaluation of its effects shapes an individualโ€™s behavior. In this theory, subjective norms and perceived behavioral control, which shapes attitude, emphasize the need to understand the situational context that prevents the attitude from being carried out into action. With this perspective, this study aims to examine the teacher attitude towards an inclusive educational environment of North and South Korean students more closely through the attitude of teachers who practice inclusive education. Results showed that eight of the teachers formed a positive attitude towards inclusive education between the two Koreas, but they also felt limited by the lack of time, resources, and the curriculum. The teachers were getting necessary information and psychological support from teachers who had experience teaching North Korean defector students, and was also receiving help of the Coordinator for North Korean migrant students, who had experience teacher North Korean defector students and was assigned to the school. However, the lack of communication with the parents, who were not familiar with South Korean school culture, and the defector parentsโ€™ neglectful parenting made teachers have a negative attitude towards inclusive education. This lack led to difficulties in guiding the students, and formed teachersโ€™ low expectations for the achievement of North Korean defector students, in turn becoming a factor in forming negative attitude towards inclusive education. Furthermore, the defector parentsโ€™ indifference and uncooperative attitude towards their childrenโ€™s education acted as a factor for teachers to form a low level of subjective norms corresponding to social pressure. Therefore, in order to raise the โ€˜subjective normโ€™ of teachers, there is a need to strengthen parental education, implement a system to make involvement in school mandatory, and expand opportunities for becoming acquainted with defector parents. Lastly, it was found that teachers have contrasting perceptions of the effects of the schoolโ€™s support system. In order for inclusive education for North and South Korea to ์ •์ฐฉ, teachers need not only to restore the positive expectations of North Korean refugee students, but also increase their perceived behavioral control through institutional support such as the recruitment of professional manpower, establishment of a teacher cooperation system in schools, improvement of school culture, and cooperation with the local community. By suggesting specific and practical measures to improve the educational integration environment of North and South Korean students, this study is meaningful in that it can be used as empirical basic data in preparing for future North and South Korea inclusive education environment.๊ต์‚ฌ์˜ ํƒœ๋„๋Š” ๊ต์œก์˜ ์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์ธ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์— ์žˆ์–ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์ด๋‹ค. ์‹ค์ œ ๊ต์œก์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ต์‚ฌ์˜ ํƒœ๋„์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ต์œก์  ์„ฑํŒจ๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฐ์ •๋˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ํƒˆ๋ถํ•™์ƒ์ด ๋‹ค์ˆ˜ ์žฌํ•™ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ๊ณต๋ฆฝ ์ดˆ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต ๊ต์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ต์œก์  ํ†ตํ•ฉํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํƒœ๋„๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ต์‚ฌ์˜ ํƒœ๋„๋ฅผ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ ์š”์ธ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋Š” ๋ฐ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๊ฐ€ ์žฌ์ง ์ค‘์ธ ํƒˆ๋ถํ•™์ƒ ๋‹ค์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์žฌํ•™ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณต๋ฆฝ ์ดˆ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต์—์„œ 1๋…„ ์ด์ƒ ํƒˆ๋ถํ•™์ƒ์„ ์ง€๋„ํ•ด ๋ณธ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ต์‚ฌ 8๋ช…์„ 2์ฐจ๋ก€ ๊ฑธ์ณ ๋ฉด๋‹ดํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์–ป์€ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์งˆ์  ์‚ฌ๋ก€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹ฌ์ธต ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ต์‚ฌ ํƒœ๋„์˜ ํ˜•์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ํƒœ๋„๋Š” ํ–‰๋™์„ ์˜ˆ์–ธํ•˜๋Š” ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋กœ์„œ, ๊ต์‚ฌ์˜ ํƒœ๋„๊ฐ€ ๊ต์‚ฌ์˜ ํ–‰๋™์„ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋‹จ์„œ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. โ€˜๊ณ„ํš๋œ ํ–‰์œ„ ์ด๋ก โ€™์—์„œ๋Š” ํ–‰๋™์„ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•˜๋Š” โ€˜ํ–‰์œ„ ์˜๋„โ€™๊ฐ€ ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ํƒœ๋„์™€ ์ฃผ๊ด€์  ๊ทœ๋ฒ”, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ž์‹ ์ด ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๊ทธ ํ–‰๋™์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ง€๊ฐ๋œ ํ–‰๋™ ํ†ต์ œ๊ฐ์„ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ํƒœ๋„์˜ ์ง„์ˆ  ์ด์™ธ์— ํƒœ๋„๋ฅผ ํ–‰๋™์œผ๋กœ ๋ถˆ์ผ์น˜ํ•˜๋„๋ก ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ์ ์ธ ๋งฅ๋ฝ์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์„ ์š”๊ตฌํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ต์‚ฌ์˜ ๋‚จ๋ถํ•œ ๊ต์œกํ†ตํ•ฉ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํƒœ๋„๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ฉ๊ต์œก์„ ์‹ค์ฒœํ•˜๋Š” ๊ต์‚ฌ์˜ ํ–‰๋™์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋ฉด๋ฐ€ํžˆ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•ด ๋ณด๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•œ 8๋ช…์˜ ๊ต์‚ฌ๋“ค์€ ๋‚จ๋ถํ•œ ๊ต์œก์  ํ†ตํ•ฉ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ๋Š” ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ํƒœ๋„๋ฅผ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ์‹œ๊ฐ„์  ์ž์›์˜ ๋ถ€์กฑ๊ณผ ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ • ์šด์˜์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ํ•œ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋™์‹œ์— ๋Š๋ผ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•œํŽธ, ๊ต์‚ฌ๋“ค์€ ํƒˆ๋ถํ•™์ƒ์˜ ์ง€๋„์— ์žˆ์–ด ๊ธฐ์กด์— ํƒˆ๋ถํ•™์ƒ ์ง€๋„ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ต์‚ฌ๋“ค๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด์™€ ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์  ์ง€์ง€๋ฅผ ์–ป๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํƒˆ๋ถํ•™์ƒ ์ง€์›์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ•™๊ต์— ๋ฐฐ์น˜๋œ ํƒˆ๋ถ๊ต์‚ฌ ์ถœ์‹  ํ†ต์ผ์ „๋‹ด๊ต์œก์‚ฌ์˜ ๋„์›€์„ ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๊ต์‚ฌ๋“ค์˜ โ€˜์ง€๊ฐ๋œ ํ–‰๋™ ํ†ต์ œ๊ฐโ€™์„ ๋†’์ด๋Š” ์š”์ธ์œผ๋กœ ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋‚จํ•œ ๋ฌธํ™”์™€ ๋‚จํ•œ์˜ ํ•™๊ต ๋ฌธํ™”์— ์ต์ˆ™ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ํƒˆ๋ถํ•™๋ถ€๋ชจ์™€์˜ ๊ธด๋ฐ€ํ•œ ์†Œํ†ต์ด ๋ถ€์กฑํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ๊ณผ ํƒˆ๋ถํ•™๋ถ€๋ชจ์˜ ๋ฐฉ์ž„์ ์ธ ์–‘์œกํƒœ๋„๋Š” ๊ต์‚ฌ๋“ค๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ๊ธˆ ํ†ตํ•ฉ๊ต์œก์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ถ€์ •์  ํƒœ๋„๋ฅผ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ•™๋ถ€๋ชจ ์ง€์›์ด ์š”๊ตฌ๋˜๋Š” ์ดˆ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต ์‹œ๊ธฐ ํ•™๋ถ€๋ชจ์™€์˜ ์†Œํ†ต๊ณผ ์ง€์›์˜ ๋ถ€์กฑ์€ ๊ต์‚ฌ์˜ ํƒˆ๋ถํ•™์ƒ ์ง€๋„์˜ ์–ด๋ ค์›€์œผ๋กœ ์ด์–ด์กŒ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๊ต์‚ฌ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ํƒˆ๋ถํ•™์ƒ ์„ฑ์ทจ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‚ฎ์€ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๊ฐ์œผ๋กœ ์ด์–ด์ ธ ํ†ตํ•ฉ๊ต์œก์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ํƒœ๋„ ํ˜•์„ฑ์š”์ธ์ด ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ํƒˆ๋ถํ•™๋ถ€๋ชจ๋“ค์˜ ํ•™๊ต ๊ต์œก์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฌด๊ด€์‹ฌ๊ณผ ๋น„ํ˜‘์กฐ์ ์ธ ํƒœ๋„๋Š” ๊ต์‚ฌ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์••๋ ฅ์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” โ€˜์ฃผ๊ด€์  ๊ทœ๋ฒ”โ€™์„ ๋‚ฎ๊ฒŒ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ•˜๋Š” ์š”์ธ์œผ๋กœ ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜์˜€์Œ์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ต์‚ฌ์˜ โ€˜์ฃผ๊ด€์  ๊ทœ๋ฒ”โ€™์„ ๋†’์ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ํƒˆ๋ถํ•™๋ถ€๋ชจ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ•™๋ถ€๋ชจ ๊ต์œก์„ ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ , ํ•™๊ต์— ์ฐธ์—ฌ๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฌดํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ์ œ๋„๋ฅผ ๋„์ž…ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๋ถํ•œ์ดํƒˆ์ฃผ๋ฏผ์ธ ํƒˆ๋ถํ•™๋ถ€๋ชจ์˜ ์ฐธ์—ฌ๋ฅผ ๋†’์ด๊ณ  ๋งŒ๋‚จ์˜ ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ํ™•๋Œ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ๋งˆ๋ จํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•จ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ๊ต์‚ฌ๋“ค์€ ํ•™๊ต์—์„œ ์šด์˜๋˜๋Š” ์ง€์›์ œ๋„์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋„ ์ด์ค‘์ ์ธ ์ธ์‹์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๋‚จํ•œ๊ณผ ๋ถํ•œ์˜ ๊ต์œก์  ํ†ตํ•ฉ์ด ์ •์ฐฉ๋˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๊ต์‚ฌ๋Š” ํƒˆ๋ถํ•™์ƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ธ์ •์  ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ํšŒ๋ณตํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ง€์›์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ „๋ฌธ์ธ๋ ฅ์˜ ์ถฉ์›, ํ•™๊ต ๋‚ด ๊ต์‚ฌ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์ฒด์ œ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๊ตฌ์ถ•, ํ•™๊ต๋ฌธํ™” ๊ฐœ์„ , ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€ ์ง€์—ญ์‚ฌํšŒ์™€์˜ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ œ๋„์  ์ง€์›์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ต์‚ฌ๋“ค์˜ โ€˜์ง€๊ฐ๋œ ํ–‰๋™ ํ†ต์ œ๊ฐโ€™์„ ๋†’์—ฌ์ฃผ์–ด์•ผ ํ•จ์„ ์‹œ์‚ฌํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‚จ๋ถํ•œ ๊ต์œก์  ํ†ตํ•ฉํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ด๊ณ  ์‹ค์ฒœ์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ๋„์ถœํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ํ–ฅํ›„ ๋‚จ๋ถ ํ†ตํ•ฉํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ๋Œ€๋น„ํ•œ ๊ต์œก ํ˜„์žฅ์— ์‹ค์ฆ์ ์ธ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ ์˜์˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๋Š”๋‹ค.์ œ 1 ์žฅ ์„œ ๋ก  1 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋ชฉ์  1 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฌธ์ œ์™€ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ 5 ์ œ 2 ์žฅ ์ด๋ก ์  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ 7 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ๋‚จ๋ถํ•œ ๊ต์œก ํ†ตํ•ฉ์œผ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ํ†ตํ•ฉ๊ต์œก 7 1. ํ†ตํ•ฉ๊ต์œก์˜ ๊ฐœ๋… 7 2. ํ†ตํ•ฉ๊ต์œก์˜ ๋ชฉ์  9 3. ๋‚จ๋ถํ•œ ๊ต์œกํ†ตํ•ฉ์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ 10 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ํƒˆ๋ถ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„๊ณผ ํ†ตํ•ฉ๊ต์œก 11 1. ํƒˆ๋ถ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„์˜ ์ •์˜ 11 2. ํƒˆ๋ถ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„์˜ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ ๋ฐ ๊ต์œก์‹คํƒœ 11 3. ํƒˆ๋ถ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„ ํ†ตํ•ฉ๊ต์œก์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ 13 ์ œ 3 ์ ˆ ํ†ตํ•ฉ๊ต์œก๊ณผ ๊ต์‚ฌ์˜ ํƒœ๋„ 15 1. ํƒœ๋„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ดํ•ด 15 2. ๊ต์‚ฌ์˜ ํƒœ๋„์™€ ํƒœ๋„์˜ ํ˜•์„ฑ 18 3. ํ†ตํ•ฉ๊ต์œก์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ต์‚ฌ ํƒœ๋„์˜ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ 19 ์ œ 3 ์žฅ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์„ค๊ณ„ 20 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 20 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ž 22 ์ œ 3 ์ ˆ ์ž๋ฃŒ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ ๋ฐ ๋ถ„์„ 24 ์ œ 4 ์žฅ ๋‚จ๋ถํ•œ ๊ต์œก ํ†ตํ•ฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ต์‚ฌ์˜ ํƒœ๋„ 28 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ํ†ตํ•ฉ๊ต์œก์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ ๋ฐ ํ•œ๊ณ„ ์ธ์‹ 28 1. ํ†ตํ•ฉ๊ต์œก์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ ์ธ์‹๊ณผ ๊ธ์ •์  ํƒœ๋„ ํ˜•์„ฑ 28 2. ์—…๋ฌด ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ํ†ตํ•ฉ๊ต์œก์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„ ์ง๋ฉด 32 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ๋™๋ฃŒ๊ต์‚ฌ์˜ ๋„์›€์œผ๋กœ ์ง€๋„ํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ ํ–ฅ์ƒ 35 1. ์„ ๋ฐฐ๊ต์‚ฌ์˜ ํƒˆ๋ถํ•™์ƒ ์ง€๋„ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ ๊ณต์œ  35 2. ํ†ต์ผ์ „๋‹ด๊ต์œก์‚ฌ์˜ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ๊ณผ ์ง€์› 36 ์ œ 3 ์ ˆ ํƒˆ๋ถํ•™๋ถ€๋ชจ์˜ ๊ต์œก์  ์ง€์›์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ถ€๋‹ด๊ฐ 38 1. ๋ถํ•œ์ดํƒˆ์ฃผ๋ฏผ ํ•™๋ถ€๋ชจ์™€ ์†Œํ†ต์˜ ์–ด๋ ค์›€ 38 2. ์ž๋…€์˜ ๊ต์œก์— ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ์Ÿ๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ํƒˆ๋ถํ•™๋ถ€๋ชจ 44 ์ œ 4 ์ ˆ ๊ต์œก์  ํ†ตํ•ฉ์„ ์ €ํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ์ œ๋„์™€ ์‚ฌํšŒ ๋ถ„์œ„๊ธฐ 49 1. ํƒˆ๋ถํ•™์ƒ ์ง€์› ์ œ๋„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ด์ค‘์  ์ธ์‹ 49 2. ํƒˆ๋ถ์˜ ์ •์ฒด์„ฑ์„ ์ˆจ๊ธฐ๊ณ  ์‹ถ๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๋ถ„์œ„๊ธฐ 54 ์ œ 5 ์žฅ ๋‚จ๋ถํ•œ ํ†ตํ•ฉํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ ํ†ต์ผ๊ต์œก์  ์˜๋ฏธ 57 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ํ†ต์ผ ๋‹จ๊ณ„ ์ด์ „์˜ ์‹คํ—˜ํ•™๊ต 57 1. ๋‚จ๋ถํ•œ ํ•™์ƒ์˜ ์–ด์šธ๋ฆผ์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ์ง„์ •ํ•œ ํ†ต์ผ์„ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ 57 2. ๋‚จ๋ถํ•œ ๊ต์œก ํ†ตํ•ฉ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ง€์› ์ œ๋„ ๊ฐœ์„  64 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ํ†ตํ•ฉํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ๊ต์‚ฌ์˜ ์ „๋ฌธ์„ฑ ๊ฐ•ํ™” 69 1. ๋‚จ๋ถํ•œ ํ†ตํ•ฉํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ์š”๊ตฌ๋˜๋Š” ๊ต์‚ฌ์˜ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰ ์‹ ์žฅ 69 2. ๊ต์œก์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ๋ฐ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์  ์ง€์›์ฒด๊ณ„ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ 78 ์ œ 3 ์ ˆ ํ†ต์ผ ์ดํ›„ ํ•™๋ถ€๋ชจ ํ†ตํ•ฉ์— ๊ธฐ์—ฌ 82 1. ํƒˆ๋ถํ•™๋ถ€๋ชจ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ดํ•ด์™€ ์ธ์‹๊ฐœ์„  82 2. ํ•™๋ถ€๋ชจ๊ต์œก์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ํ•™๊ต ์ฐธ์—ฌ ๊ธฐํšŒ ํ™•์‚ฐ 87 ์ œ 4 ์ ˆ ํ†ตํ•ฉํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ์‹ค์งˆ์ ์ธ ํ†ต์ผ๊ต์œก ์‹ค์ฒœ 92 1. ๋„๋•๊ณต๋™์ฒด์˜ ํ•™๊ต ๊ตฌ์ƒ 93 2. 'ํ†ตํ•ฉ'์˜ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ํ†ต์ผ๊ต์œก์˜ ์‹ค์ฒœ 96 ์ œ 6 ์žฅ ๊ฒฐ ๋ก  100 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 104 ๋ถ€๋ก 112 Abstract 117 ํ‘œ ๋ชฉ ์ฐจ [ํ‘œ 3-1] ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ž 24 [ํ‘œ 3-2] ๋ฐ˜๊ตฌ์กฐํ™” ์ธํ„ฐ๋ทฐ ์งˆ๋ฌธ ๋ชฉ๋ก 27 ๊ทธ ๋ฆผ ๋ชฉ ์ฐจ [๊ทธ๋ฆผ 2-1] ํƒˆ๋ถํ•™์ƒ ๊ต์œก ์ ‘๊ทผ ๋ชจํ˜• (ํ•œ๋งŒ๊ธธ ์™ธ, 2009:223) 14 [๊ทธ๋ฆผ 2-2] Ajzen(1991)์˜ ๊ณ„ํš๋œ ํ–‰๋™ ์ด๋ก (Ajzen, 1991) 17์„

    ์ „์ž๋น” ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ๊ตฌ๋ฆฌ ๋ฐ•๋ง‰์˜ ์—ฐ์„ฑ ํ–ฅ์ƒ๊ณผ ๊ทน ์ธ์žฅ๋ณ€ํ˜•์—์„œ์˜ ๊ตฌ๋ฆฌ ์†Œ์„ฑ ๊ฑฐ๋™ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (๋ฐ•์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› ๊ณต๊ณผ๋Œ€ํ•™ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ๊ณตํ•™๋ถ€, 2017. 8. ์ฃผ์˜์ฐฝ.As flexible devices become a new paradigm of electronic devices in the future, researches for improving the reliability of flexible devices are attracting attention. Since the reliability of the flexible device is closely related to the reliability of the metal thin film underlying the electrical characteristics of the device, the reliability improvement of the metal thin film leads to the improvement of the reliability of the flexible device. Unlike metal thin films deposited on conventional rigid and unmodified substrates, metal thin films deposited on flexible devices are exposed to continuous mechanical deformation. The destruction of the metal thin film due to the mechanical deformation soon leads to the deterioration of the electrical properties and causes the destruction of the device. Therefore, it is essential to understand the development of metal thin films with excellent mechanical reliability and the deformation mechanism to make them possible. The rapid destruction of the metal film is caused both in material and structural aspects. In the material aspect, plastic deformation is difficult because the displacement of the dislocations within the crystal is limited due to the reduction of the grain size due to the thinning of the material. In addition, the number of dislocation sources is also small, and it is impossible to generate dislocations continuously for plastic deformation. Therefore, a material having a small grain size does not undergo plastic deformation and undergoes a straight failure after elastic deformation. On the structural level, on the other hand, the dislocations in the material easily escape to the surface therefore plastic deformation is inhibited, as well as stress localization at the curvatures and defects of the surface causes rapid destruction of material. The maximization of the surface effect can be solved to some extent by a method of increasing the thickness of the structure by depositing the thin film on the substrate. In this case, the fracture mechanism of the metal film is affected by the difference in the mechanical properties of the two materials, since it must move with a flexible substrate having a lower modulus and a higher elastic limit strain than the metal film. Particularly, the difference in mechanical properties causes delamination of the metal thin film during tensile deformation. Since the delaminated metal thin film follows the deformation in the state of free-standing film, delamination causes destruction of the metal thin film. Therefore, in order to design a metal thin film having excellent mechanical reliability, it is necessary to design a structure that suppresses delamination. When the metal thin film is uniformly deformed along the flexible substrate without separation, the plastic deformation is evenly caused, and deformation can be performed without destruction. In addition, when such a structure is made, the potential must be steadily supplied to the inside of the metal so that the plastic deformation can be made steadily. That is, it is necessary to design a microstructure capable of continuously applying dislocations to the inside. For this purpose, a comprehensive understanding of how the microstructure of the thin film changes during tensile deformation should be given priority. However, since the grains existing in the thin film are smaller than the resolution of the electron backscattering diffraction (EBSD), which is a commonly used microstructure analysis instrument, there is a problem that it is difficult to analyze the microstructure with the existing EBSD. In this study, the design of the structural layer to improve the reliability of the copper thin film, which is a typical conductor used in electronic devices, was conducted through a new method called electron beam irradiation. When the electron beam is irradiated onto the copper thin film, the adhesion between the copper thin film and the flexible substrate is improved, and the peeling of the copper thin film is suppressed. Therefore, the fracture of the thin film due to the peeling was suppressed, so that the surface showed almost no crack even under the tensile strain of 30 %. Improvement of interfacial adhesion of electron beam irradiation was confirmed by nanoscratch test and nanoindentation test, and it was confirmed that the flexible substrate deformed by electron beam causes improvement of adhesion. Based on that the excellent mechanical properties lead the excellent electrical properties, it is possible to fabricate a phosphorescent organic light-emitting diode (OLED) that does not break down in the irradiated area under deformation, and it can be used as a patterning technology for fabricating a flexible device and a responsive device in the future The microstructure deformation mechanism of copper thin films was also investigated by mechanical deformation of copper thin films. For microstructure analysis of grains of size near 100 nm, microstructure analysis was carried out using ASTARTM, a microstructure analysis technique based on a transmission electron microscope instead of the conventional EBSD. As a result, it was confirmed that the high density twin boundary existing inside the copper thin film helps to relieve the stress and strain energy inside the material through the microstructure change rather than the crack. The twin boundaries not only cause coarsening of grains in the process of propagation between grains, but also cause refinement of grains by making twin boundary - dislocation structure through interaction with dislocations generated at twin boundaries. Through the microstructural change, the copper thin film irradiated with the electron beam could continue the plastic deformation continuously without breaking even under the high tensile strain. In this study, it is shown that the microstructures can be improved by plastic deformation if the steady dislocation supply and strain localization are solved even in materials with fine microstructure, which are known to be brittle. Based on the work, the design criteria of metal thin film materials to improve the performance and reliability of flexible devices are presented.Chapter 1. Introduction 1 1.1. Background 1 1.2. Movitations 6 1.2.1. Technical driving force 6 1.2.2. Scientific driving force 11 1.3. The goal of and outline of this research 14 Chapter 2. Theoretical Background 15 2.1. Deformation mechanism according to microstructure of Cu 15 2.1.1. Coarse grain Cu 15 2.1.2. Ultrafine grain and nanocrystalline Cu 20 2.1.3. Nanotwin Cu 24 2.2. Ductility of thin metal films on polymer substrate 29 2.2.1. Limited elongation in freestanding thin metal films 29 2.2.2. Stretchability of thin metal film on polymer substrate 32 Chapter 3. Experimental Procedures 37 3.1. Sample preparation 37 3.2. Microstructure analysis 41 3.2.1. Investigation of microstructural changes in small grain 41 3.2.2. Operating principles 44 3.2.3. Set-up used in this study 46 Chapter 4. Fabrication of highly reliable Cu thin film for flexible device 47 4.1. Introduction 47 4.2. Experiments 49 4.3. Elongation of Cu thin film without crack up to 30% 49 4.4. Enhancement of adhesion through electron beam irradiation 57 4.4.1. Electron trajectory simulation 57 4.4.2. Electron beam effect on Copper 64 4.4.3. Electron beam effect on Copper/Polyimide interface 67 4.4.4. Electron beam effect on Polyimide 69 4.5. Fabrication of strain-responsive OLED 75 4.6. Summary 79 Chapter 5. Deformation mechanism of Cu thin film under large tensile deformation 80 5.1. Introduction 80 5.2. Experiments 82 5.3. Texture analysis result of Cu thin film during deformation 82 5.4. Deformation mechanism of Cu thin film 88. 5.4.1. Grain coarsening due to twin-grain boundary interaction 88 5.4.2. Grain refinement due to twin-dislocation interaction 91 5.4.3. Verification by molecular dynamic simulation 94 5.5. Behavior of intergranular crack on Cu thin film 99 5.6. Summary 104 Chapter 6. Conclusion 105 6.1. Intrinsic and systematic factors for ductility of Cu thin film 105 6.2. Material design for the improvement of devices 108 6.3. Future works and suggested research 108 References 109 Abstract (In Korean) 116Docto

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์ผ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ž„์ƒ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ์˜ ์—ญํ• ์„ ์ •๋ฆฝํ•˜๊ธฐ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์  ์กฐ์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ด๋ฉฐ, ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž๋Š” ์„œ์šธ์‹œ๋‚ด ๋ฐ ์ˆ˜์›์— ์žˆ๋Š” 7๊ฐœ ์ข…ํ•ฉ๋ณ‘์›์— ๊ทผ๋ฌดํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ˆ˜ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ์™€ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ 100๋ช…, ์„œ์šธ์‹œ๋‚ด ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธํ•™๊ณผ ๊ต์ˆ˜๋กœ์„œ ์ž„์ƒ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ž„์ƒ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ ๋ฐ ์ข…์„ค์„ ๋ฐœํ‘œํ•œ ์ž๋กœ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๊ฐ€ ์ž„์˜ ํ‘œ์ถœํ•œ 10๋ช…, ์„œ์šธ์— ์†Œ์žฌํ•œ 4๊ฐœ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธํ•™๊ณผ ์„ฑ์ธ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธํ•™ ์ „๊ณต ๋Œ€ํ•™์›์ƒ 20๋ช…, ์„œ์šธ์— ์†Œ์žฌํ•œ 6๊ฐœ ๋ณ‘์›์˜ ๋ณ‘์›๋ณ„ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ 17๋ช…์„ ์ž„์˜ํ‘œ์ถœํ•˜์—ฌ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์ฐธ์—ฌ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜๋ฝํ•œ์ž๋กœ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ์‘๋‹ตํ•œ ์ด ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž๋Š” 128๋ช… ์ด ์˜€๋‹ค. ์ž„์ƒ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ์˜ ์—ญํ• ์„ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋„๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ, ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋ฌธํ—Œ๊ณ ์ฐฐ๊ณผ ์™ธ๊ตญ ๋ณ‘์›์˜ ์ž„์ƒ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ์˜ ์—…๋ฌด์ง€์นจ์„œ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ , ํ˜„์žฌ ๊ทผ๋ฌด์ค‘์ธ ๋ณ‘์›๋ณ„ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ์˜ ๋ฉด์ ‘์„ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์„ค๋ฌธ์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋œ ์„ค๋ฌธ์ง€๋Š” ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€ ์ง‘๋‹จ์—๊ฒŒ ๋‚ด์šฉ ํƒ€๋‹น๋„ ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์•„ ์ˆ˜์ •ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, Pilot study๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ตœ์ข… ๋„๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ™•์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ตœ์ข…๋„๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์€ 134๋ฌธํ•ญ์œผ๋กœ ์ง์ ‘๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ 50๋ฌธํ•ญ, ๊ต์œก 20๋ฌธํ•ญ, ์—ฐ๊ตฌ 15๋ฌธํ•ญ, ์ž๋ฌธ 22๋ฌธํ•ญ, ํ–‰์ • ๋ฐ ๋ณ€ํ™”์ด‰์ง„ 27๋ฌธํ•ญ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ž๋ฃŒ์ˆ˜์ง‘์€ 1995๋…„ 11์›” 1์ผ ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 11์›” 15์ผ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ด15์ผ๋™์•ˆ ์ˆ˜์ง‘๋˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ˆ˜์ง‘๋œ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋Š” coding cord์— ๋ถ€ํ˜ธํ™”ํ•˜์—ฌ, SPSS-Window๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ „์‚ฐ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋นˆ๋„์™€ ํ‰๊ท , ์ ๋ถ„์œจ์„ ์‚ฐ์ถœํ•˜์—ฌ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. 1. ์ž„์ƒ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•˜๋Š” ์—ญํ• ์„ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ธฐ์œ„ํ•ด ์ „ํ˜€ ํ•„์š”์—†๋Š” ์—ญํ• 1์—์„œ ์•„์ฃผ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์—ญํ• 4์˜ ํ•„์š”๋„๋ฅผ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ 3.47, ์ž๋ฌธ 3.45, ๊ต์œก 3.44, ํ–‰์ • ๋ฐ ๋ณ€ํ™”์ด‰์ง„ 3.38, ์ง์ ‘๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ 3.35 ์ˆœ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž„์ƒ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ์˜ 5๊ฐ€์ง€ ์—ญํ•  ์ „์ฒด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ญํ•  ํ•„์š”๋„๋Š” 3.44์ด์˜€๊ณ , 5๊ฐ€์ง€ ์—ญํ• 134ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์ค‘ ์•„๋ž˜์˜ 4ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์„ ์ œ์™ธํ•œ 130๋ฌธํ•ญ์ด 3.0 ์ด์ƒ์˜ ํ•„์š”๋„(1-4)๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์—ญํ• ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ œ์™ธ๋œ ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์€ "์‘๊ธ‰์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ธฐ๋„์‚ฝ๊ด€ํ•œ๋‹ค", "๋™๋งฅํ˜ˆ์„ ์ฑ„์ทจํ•œ๋‹ค", "์‹ ๊ฒฝ๊ณผ ํ™˜์ž์˜ ๋‡Œ์••์„ ๋ชจ๋‹ˆํ„ฐํ•˜๋Š” EVD Cath.๋ฅผ Urokinase๋กœ ์„ธ์ฒ™ํ•œ๋‹ค", "์ค‘์‹ฌ์ •๋งฅ ๋„๊ด€์„ ์‚ฝ์ž…ํ•œ๋‹ค"์˜ 4ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. 2. ์ž„์ƒ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ์™€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ์˜ ์—ญํ• ์„ ๋น„๊ตํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ํ•ด๋‹น๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ 3๋…„์ด์ƒ์˜ ์ž„์ƒ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์ผ๋ฐ˜๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•ด์•ผํ•˜๋Š” ์—ญํ• ๋กœ 50%์ด์ƒ์ด ๋™์˜ํ•œ ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์€ ์ง์ ‘๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์ œ๊ณต ์ด 50ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์ค‘ 23๊ฐœ ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์ด๊ณ , ๊ต์œก์ž์˜ ์—ญํ•  20ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์ค‘ 4ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž์˜ ์—ญํ•  15ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์ค‘ ํ•ด๋‹น๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ 3๋…„์ด์ƒ ๋œ ์ผ๋ฐ˜๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•ด์•ผํ•˜๋Š” ์—ญํ• ๋กœ 50%์ด์ƒ ๋™์˜ํ•œ ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์€ ์—†์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ž๋ฌธ๊ฐ€์˜ ์—ญํ•  22ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์ค‘ 1๊ฐœ ํ•ญ๋ชฉ, ํ–‰์ • ๋ฐ ๋ณ€ํ™”์ด‰์ง„์ž์˜ ์—ญํ•  27ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์ค‘ 1๊ฐœ ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์— ๋™์˜ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ž„์ƒ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ์™€ 3๋…„ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๊ฒฝ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์ผ๋ฐ˜๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ์˜ ์—ญํ• ๊ธฐ๋Œ€์— ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. 3. ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž ๊ทธ๋ฃน๋ณ„๋กœ ์ž„์ƒ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ์— ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•˜๋Š” ์—ญํ• ์„ ๋น„๊ตํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ๊ต์œก์—ญํ• ๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—ญํ• ์— ๋†’์€ ํ•„์š”๋„๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ธ ๊ทธ๋ฃ์€ ๋ณ‘์›๋ณ„ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์ด์˜€๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋‚ฎ๊ฒŒ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋Œ€๋‹ตํ•œ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์€ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ์™€ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์ด์˜€๋‹ค. ์ง์ ‘๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์— ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํ•„์š”๋„๋ฅผ ๋†’๊ฒŒ ์ค€ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์€ ๊ต์ˆ˜์™€ ๋Œ€ํ•™์›์ƒ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์ด์˜€๊ณ , ๋ณ‘์›๋ณ„ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋‚ฎ์€ ํ•„์š”๋„๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ํ•œํŽธ ํ–‰์ •๊ฐ€ ์—ญํ• ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋‚ฎ์€ ํ•„์š”๋„๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ธ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์€ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ์™€ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์ด์˜€๋‹ค. 4. ์ž„์ƒ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ์˜ 5๊ฐ€์ง€ ์—ญํ• ๋ณ„ ๋น„์ค‘๋„๋Š” ์ง์ ‘๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ(35.3%), ๊ต์œก(23.3%), ์—ฐ๊ตฌ(18.2). ์ž๋ฌธ(13.1%), ํ–‰์ •(10.6%)์˜ ์ˆœ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. 5. ๋ณ‘์›๋ณ„ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์€ ์ง์ ‘๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ๋ช…์—ญ์ด 50ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์ค‘ 9ํ•ญ๋ชฉ, ๊ต์œก์ž์˜ ์—ญํ• ์€ 20ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์ค‘ 14ํ•ญ๋ชฉ, ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž์˜ ์—ญํ• ์€ 15ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์ค‘ 8ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์‘๋‹ตํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž๋ฌธ๊ฐ€์˜ ์—ญํ• ์€ 22ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์ค‘ 12ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์œผ๋กœ ๋น„๊ต์  ๋†’๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๊ณ  ํ–‰์ • ๋ฐ ๋ณ€ํ™”์ด‰์ง„์ž์˜ ์—ญํ• ์€ 27ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์ค‘ 12ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์‘๋‹ตํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ์ž„์ƒ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ์˜ ์—ญํ•  ํ•„์š”๋„์™€ ๋น„๊ตํ•ด๋ณผ๋•Œ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋‚˜, ์ง์ ‘๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์™€ ํ–‰์ • ๋ฐ ๋ณ€ํ™”์ด‰์ง„์ž์˜ ์—ญํ• ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ์‹ค์ •์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋Š” ์—ญํ• ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์— ํฌํ•จ๋˜์–ด์•ผํ•  ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด๋‹ค. ์ž„์ƒ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  96.7%๊ฐ€ ๋™์˜ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์•„ ์ž„์ƒ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ ์ œ๋„ ๋„์ž…์ด ๋น ๋ฅธ ์‹œ์ผ๋‚ด์— ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์งˆ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‹œ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. [์˜๋ฌธ] This study was done to investigate roles that are expected of the clinical nurse specialist(CNS). A descriptive method was used for this study. The questionnaire items were developed from a literatule review, interviews with hospital based nurse specialists, and analysis of job descriptions for CNS. The questionnaire consisied of 134 roles including five subroles related te CNS : Direct care provider, educator, researcher, consultant and management/change agent. Content validity was examined by nine experts. The data was collected over a two week period from Nov. 1 to Nov. 15, 1995. The data was analyzed using frequencies done with the SPSS-Window package. The results of this study are summarized as follows : 1. The tetal mean score for degree of need for the role(1=not needed to 4=absolutely essential) expected of the CNS was 3.44. 130 roles of the 134 roles were selected as necessary roles for the CNS. The following four roles were deleted: 1) insertion artificial airways(intubation) in emergency conditions. 2) collection samples of arterial blood. 3) irrigation EVD(Extra Ventricle Drain) catheter with urokinase. 4) insertion of CVP(Central Venous Pressure) catheter. The total mean scores for degree of need for each subrole(1=not needed to 4=absolutely essential) were as follows: Researcther 3.47, Consultant 3.45, Educator 3.44, Management/Change agent 3.38, Direct care provideer 3.35. 2. It was found that only 29 roles of the 134 roles of the CNS can be performed by staff nurses. As a result, a difference was identified between the roles of the staff nurse and the CNS. 3. A difference was found between the three groups of nurses(headnurses and staff nurses, hospital-based nurse specialist, and graduate students and pofessors) as to the educator and researcher roles. The hospital based nurse specialist identified high need for the educatior and researcher role, but not for direct care provider. The professor and graduate student group identified direct carte providers as high need. The nurse/head nurse group saw the management/change agent role as a low need. 4. Percent of time spent in the five subroles was as follows: Direct care provider 35.3%, Educator 23.3%, Researcher 18.2%, Consultant 13.1%, and Managemant/Change agent 10.6%. 5. Hospital based nurse specialists reported performing nine roles of the 50 roles included in the direct care provider role, 14 roles of the 20 roles included in the educator role, eight roles of the 15 roles included in the researcher role, 12 roles of the 22 roles included in the consultant role, 12 roles of the 27 roles included in the management/change agent role. 6. Most of the subjects of study agreed that a CNS system is needed.restrictio

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