15 research outputs found

    μ–‘μž μž„μ˜λ„μ˜ 촉맀 과정을 ν†΅ν•œ μ–‘μžμ •λ³΄μ˜ νŠΉμ§•ν™”

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    ν•™μœ„λ…Όλ¬Έ(박사) -- μ„œμšΈλŒ€ν•™κ΅λŒ€ν•™μ› : μžμ—°κ³Όν•™λŒ€ν•™ λ¬Όλ¦¬Β·μ²œλ¬Έν•™λΆ€, 2022.2. μ •ν˜„μ„.We generalize the theory of catalytic quantum randomness by Boes et al. to delocalized and dynamical settings. Our result is twofold. First, we expand the resource theory of randomness (RTR) by calculating the amount of (R\'{e}nyi) entropy catalytically extractable from a correlated or dynamical randomness source. In doing so, we show that no entropy can be catalytically extracted when one cannot implement local projective measurement on randomness source without altering its state. The RTR, as an archetype of the `concave' resource theory, is complementary to the convex resource theories in which the amount of randomness required to erase the resource is a resource measure. As an application, we prove that quantum operation cannot be hidden in correlation between two parties without using randomness, which is the dynamical generalization of the no-hiding theorem. On the other hand, we study the physical properties of information flow. Popularized quotes like ``information is physical'' by Landauer or ``it from bit'' by Wheeler suggest the matter-like picture of information that can travel from one place to another with the definite direction while leaving detectable traces on its region of departure. To examine the validity of this picture, we focus on that catalysis of randomness models directional flow of information with the distinguished source and recipient. We show that classical information can always spread from its source without altering its source or its surrounding context, like an immaterial entity, while quantum information cannot. Using the framework developed in this dissertation, we suggest an approach to formal definition of semantic quantum information and claim that utilizing semantic information is equivalent to using a partially depleted information source. By doing so, we unify the utilization of semantic and non-semantic quantum information and conclude that one can always extract more information from a not completely depleted classical randomness source, but it is not possible for quantum randomness sources.이 λ…Όλ¬Έμ—μ„œλŠ” Boes 등에 μ˜ν•΄ μ œμ‹œλœ μ–‘μžμž„μ˜λ„μ˜ 촉맀 이둠을 μΌλ°˜ν™”ν•˜μ—¬ λΉ„κ΅­μ†Œμ , 동적 μƒν™©μ—μ„œ 상관관계가 μžˆκ±°λ‚˜ 절차적인 μž„μ˜λ„ μ›μ²œμ„ ν™œμš©ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” 이둠을 μ „κ°œν•œλ‹€. 이 λ…Όλ¬Έμ˜ λ‚΄μš©μ€ 크게 두 κ°€μ§€λ‘œ λ‚˜λ‰œλ‹€. 첫째둜, μž„μ˜λ„ μžμ›μ΄λ‘ μ„ ν™•μž₯ν•΄μ„œ 상관관계가 μžˆκ±°λ‚˜ 동적인 μž„μ˜λ„ μ›μ²œμœΌλ‘œλΆ€ν„° μΆ”μΆœ ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” μ΅œλŒ€ \renyi μ—”νŠΈλ‘œν”Όμ˜ 값을 κ³„μ‚°ν–ˆλ‹€. κ·Έ 과정에, λ§Œμ•½ μž„μ˜λ„ μ›μ²œμ΄ λΉ„μΉ¨μŠ΅μ μΈ κ΅­μ†Œ μΈ‘μ • ν–‰μœ„λ₯Ό ν—ˆμš©ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ”λ‹€λ©΄ λΉ„κ΅­μ†Œμ μΈ μž„μ˜λ„ 촉맀 μž‘μš©μ„ ν†΅ν•œ μ—”νŠΈλ‘œν”Ό μΆ”μΆœμ€ λΆˆκ°€λŠ₯함을 λ³΄μ˜€λ‹€. μž„μ˜λ„ μžμ›μ΄λ‘ μ€ '였λͺ©ν•œ' μžμ› 이둠의 μ „ν˜•μœΌλ‘œμ„œ, ν˜„μž¬ μ–‘μžμžμ›μ΄λ‘ μ˜ 지배적인 연ꡬ λŒ€μƒμ΄λ©° 일반적으둜 μžμ›λ“€μ΄ κ·Έ μžμ›μ„ μ‚­μ œν•˜λŠ”λ° ν•„μš”ν•œ μž„μ˜λ„μ˜ μ–‘μœΌλ‘œ μΈ‘μ •λ˜λŠ” λ³Όλ‘ν•œ μžμ› 이둠에 상보적인 역할을 ν•œλ‹€. μ‘μš©μœΌλ‘œ, μˆ¨κΉ€-κΈˆμ§€ μ •λ¦¬μ˜ 동적 μΌλ°˜ν™”μΈ, μ–‘μžμ •λ³΄μ²˜λ¦¬ 과정은 λ‹¨μˆœνžˆ κ·Έ μž…μΆœλ ₯을 두 μ§€μ—­μœΌλ‘œ λΆ„μ‚°μ‹œν‚€λŠ” κ²ƒλ§ŒμœΌλ‘œ 숨길 수 μ—†λ‹€λŠ” μ•”ν–‰-κΈˆμ§€ 정리λ₯Ό 증λͺ…ν–ˆλ‹€. λ‘λ²ˆμ§Έλ‘œ, 정보 νλ¦„μ˜ 물리적 μ„±μ§ˆμ„ νƒκ΅¬ν–ˆλ‹€. Landauer의 ``μ •λ³΄λŠ” 물리적이닀'' ν˜Ήμ€ Wheeler의 ``그것은 λΉ„νŠΈλ‘œλΆ€ν„°''와 같은 유λͺ…ν•œ 문ꡬ듀은 정보가 ν•œ μ§€μ μ—μ„œλΆ€ν„° λ‹€λ₯Έ μ§€μ μœΌλ‘œ 흔적을 남기며 μ΄λ™ν•΄μ•Όν•˜λŠ” 물질과 같은 거동을 ν•  κ²ƒμ΄λΌλŠ” 좔츑을 ν•˜κ²Œ ν•œλ‹€. 이 좔츑을 κ²€μ‚¬ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄μ„œ, μž„μ˜λ„ 촉맀 μž‘μš©μ΄ μ •λ³΄μ˜ 일방톡행을 λ¬˜μ‚¬ν•˜λŠ” κ³Όμ •μž„μ— μ£Όλͺ©ν–ˆλ‹€. κ·Έ 결과둜 고전적인 μ •λ³΄λŠ” κ·Έ μΆœλ°œμ§€λ‚˜ κ·Έ μ£Όλ³€ ν™˜κ²½μ— 흔적을 남기지 μ•Šκ³  λͺ…ν™•ν•œ λ°©ν–₯을 가지고 μ „νŒŒλ  수 μžˆμœΌλ‚˜, μ–‘μžμ •λ³΄λŠ” 그렇지 λͺ»ν•¨μ„ λ³΄μ˜€λ‹€. λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬μ—μ„œ 개발된 이둠을 μ΄μš©ν•΄μ„œ, 의미둠적 μ •λ³΄μ˜ 물리적 μ •μ˜λ₯Ό λ‚΄λ¦¬λŠ” ν•œ 접근법을 μ œμ‹œν–ˆκ³ , 그것이 λΆ€λΆ„μ μœΌλ‘œ μ‚¬μš©λœ 촉맀λ₯Ό μ΄μš©ν•˜λŠ” 것과 λ™μΉ˜μΈ κ³Όμ •μž„μ„ λ³΄μ˜€λ‹€. κ·Έλ‘œλΆ€ν„° λΆ€λΆ„μ μœΌλ‘œ μ‚¬μš©λœ κ³ μ „ μž„μ˜λ„ μ›μ²œμœΌλ‘œλΆ€ν„°λŠ” μ–Έμ œλ“ μ§€ 정보λ₯Ό 더 μΆ”μΆœν•  수 μžˆμœΌλ‚˜, μ–‘μž μž„μ˜λ„ μ›μ²œμœΌλ‘œλŠ” 그럴 수 μ—†μŒμ„ λ³΄μ˜€λ‹€.I. Introduction 3 1.1 Preliminaries 8 1.1.1 Notations 8 1.1.2 Superselection rule for C*-algebra 11 II. Characterizations of catalytic randomness 13 2.1 Internal and external information 13 2.2 Catalytic randomness and information flow 17 III. Resource Theory of Randomness 23 3.1 Catalytic randomness 23 3.2 Delocalized catalytic randomness 31 3.3 Dynamical catalytic randomness 39 3.4 Partially depleted catalyst and semantic information 45 3.5 Superselection rules in delocalized and dynamical catalyses 55 3.6 The no-stealth theorem 57 3.7 Examples 59 IV. Discussion 63 4.1 Physicality of information 63 4.2 Concave resource theories 69 4.3 Randomness amplification 72 V. Conclusions 75 I. Appendix 79 A.1 Issues of CP map input 79 A.2 Proof of Proposition 5 81 A.3 Discussion on Molmer's conjecture 82 A.4 Proof of Theorem 7 84 A.5 Uniqueness of essential decomposition 85 A.6 Other results on essential decomposition 86 A.7 Proof of Theorem 12 92 A.8 Proof of Theorem 18 95 A.9 Proof of Theorem 21 99 A.10 Proof of Theorem 22 100 Biblography 103 Abstract in Korean 111λ°•

    ν¬μŠ€νŠΈκ·ΈλΌμš°νŒ… 기법을 μ μš©ν•œ λ§€μž…μ‹ κΈ°μ„±λ§λšμ—μ„œμ˜ 지지λ ₯ μ¦κ°•νš¨κ³Ό 뢄석

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    ν•™μœ„λ…Όλ¬Έ (석사)-- μ„œμšΈλŒ€ν•™κ΅ λŒ€ν•™μ› : κ±΄μ„€ν™˜κ²½κ³΅ν•™λΆ€, 2012. 2. κΉ€λͺ…λͺ¨.λ§€μž…μ‹ κΈ°μ„±λ§λšμ˜ μ‹œκ³΅μ€ 말뚝의 직경과 길이λ₯Ό λ³€κ²½ν•˜λŠ” 것에 μ œν•œμ΄ μžˆμŒμ—λ„ λΆˆκ΅¬ν•˜κ³  μ‹œκ³΅μ˜ κ°„νŽΈμ„±, μ‹œκ³΅κΈ°κ°„ 단좕 λ“±μ˜ μž₯점이 μžˆλ‹€. λ˜ν•œ, κΈ°μ„±λ§λšμ„ 곡μž₯μ—μ„œ μš°μ„  μ œμž‘ν•˜λ―€λ‘œ ν’ˆμ§ˆκ΄€λ¦¬κ°€ μš©μ΄ν•˜μ—¬ κ΅­λ‚΄μ—μ„œ κΈ°μ΄ˆκ΅¬μ‘°λ¬Όλ‘œμ„œ 널리 ν™œμš©ν•˜κ³  μžˆλŠ” 싀정이닀. λ§€μž…μ‹ 말뚝기초의 경우, 일반적으둜 말뚝 μ‹œκ³΅ μ‹œ 선단 μ§€λ°˜μ˜ κ΅λž€μœΌλ‘œ μΈν•˜μ—¬ 선단지지λ ₯을 효율적으둜 ν™œμš©ν•˜κΈ° μ–΄λ €μš°λ©°, μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ μ œν•œμ„ κ·Ήλ³΅ν•˜κ³ μž 선단지지λ ₯ κ°œμ„  곡법을 μ μš©ν•˜κ²Œ λœλ‹€. ν¬μŠ€νŠΈκ·ΈλΌμš°νŒ… 기법은 말뚝 선단뢀에 그라우트 재λ₯Ό μ£Όμž…ν•˜μ—¬ 선단 지지λ ₯을 κ°œμ„ ν•˜λŠ” κ³΅λ²•μœΌλ‘œ 널리 ν™œμš©λ˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€. 이 곡법을 ν†΅ν•˜μ—¬ 선단 μ§€λ°˜μ—μ„œ μ„ ν–‰μž¬ν•˜ νš¨κ³Όκ°€ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚˜κ²Œ 되며 ν—ˆμš©μΉ¨ν•˜λŸ‰ κΈ°μ€€ λ‚΄μ—μ„œ 보닀 효율적인 선단지지λ ₯이 λ°œν˜„λœλ‹€. ν¬μŠ€νŠΈκ·ΈλΌμš°νŒ… 기법은 ν˜„μž¬κΉŒμ§€ μ•½ 50λ…„κ°„ ν™œμš©λ˜μ–΄ μ™”μœΌλ©° κ·Έ νš¨μš©μ„±μ΄ μž…μ¦λ˜μ—ˆμœΌλ‚˜, 합리적인 섀계 절차의 λΆ€μž¬λ‘œ μΈν•˜μ—¬ μƒλŒ€μ μœΌλ‘œ 널리 μ‚¬μš©λ˜μ§€ μ•Šκ³  μžˆλ‹€. 졜근, 미ꡭ을 λΉ„λ‘―ν•˜μ—¬ λ™λ‚¨μ•„μ‹œμ•„λ₯Ό μ€‘μ‹¬μœΌλ‘œ 포슀트 κ·ΈλΌμš°νŒ… 기법에 λŒ€ν•œ 연ꡬ가 널리 이루어지고 있으며 κ΅­λ‚΄μ—μ„œλŠ” 이 곡법에 λŒ€ν•œ 연ꡬ가 비ꡐ적 λ―Έμ§„ν•œ 싀정이닀. λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬μ—μ„œλŠ” λ¬Έν—Œμ—°κ΅¬λ₯Ό ν†΅ν•˜μ—¬ ν¬μŠ€νŠΈκ·ΈλΌμš°νŒ… κΈ°λ²•μ˜ 증강기ꡬ, μž₯λΉ„, 섀계 인자, μ‹œκ³΅ 방법 등에 λŒ€ν•΄ μ—°κ΅¬ν•˜μ˜€μœΌλ©°, λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ μ‹œκ³΅μ‚¬λ‘€ 연ꡬλ₯Ό ν†΅ν•˜μ—¬ ν¬μŠ€νŠΈκ·ΈλΌμš°νŒ… κΈ°λ²•μ˜ νš¨μš©μ„±μ— λŒ€ν•΄ μž…μ¦ν•˜κ³ μž ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. λ˜ν•œ, λ§€μž…μ‹ κΈ°μ„±λ§λšμ—μ„œμ˜ κ·ΈλΌμš°νŒ…μ„ ν†΅ν•œ 지지λ ₯ μ¦κ°•νš¨κ³Όλ₯Ό μ—°κ΅¬ν•˜κ³ μž 2개 ν˜„μž₯μ—μ„œ μˆ˜ν–‰λœ μ •μž¬ν•˜μ‹œν—˜ κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό λΆ„μ„ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 제 1 ν˜„μž₯μ—μ„œλŠ” 풍화암 μ§€λ°˜μ—μ„œ 2본의 μ„œλ‘œ λ‹€λ₯Έ μ••λ ₯으둜 κ·ΈλΌμš°νŒ…μ„ μ‹€μ‹œν•œ 말뚝과 1본의 κ·ΈλΌμš°νŒ… λ―Έμ‹€μ‹œ λ§λšμ„ λŒ€μƒμœΌλ‘œ μž¬ν•˜μ‹œν—˜μ„ μˆ˜ν–‰ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 제 2 ν˜„μž₯μ—μ„œλŠ” 보닀 μ •λŸ‰μ μœΌλ‘œ μ¦κ°•νš¨κ³Όλ₯Ό λΆ„μ„ν•˜κ³ μž 말뚝 μ£Όλ©΄ μ˜μ—­μ— 슀트레인 κ²Œμ΄μ§€λ₯Ό μ„€μΉ˜ν•˜μ—¬ μ •μž¬ν•˜μ‹œν—˜μ„ μˆ˜ν–‰ν•˜μ˜€μœΌλ©°, 풍화토 및 ν’ν™”μ•”μ—μ„œ κ·ΈλΌμš°νŒ… λ―Έμ‹€μ‹œ λ§λšμ„ ν¬ν•¨ν•˜μ—¬ 총 3본의 λ§λšμ— λŒ€ν•œ μž¬ν•˜μ‹œν—˜μ„ μˆ˜ν–‰ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. μž¬ν•˜μ‹œν—˜ κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό 톡해 ν•˜μ€‘ μΉ¨ν•˜ κ±°λ™νŠΉμ„±μ„ λΆ„μ„ν•˜μ˜€μœΌλ©°, ν•˜μ€‘ 전이 뢄석을 μˆ˜ν–‰ν•˜μ—¬ ν¬μŠ€νŠΈκ·ΈλΌμš°νŒ… λ§€μž…μ‹ κΈ°μ„±λ§λšμ˜ 지지λ ₯ μ¦κ°•νš¨κ³Όμ— λŒ€ν•΄ μ—°κ΅¬ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€.The bored precast pile construction method is limited in controlling the diameter and the length of a pile. Nevertheless, this method has many advantages such as convenience of construction, shortening of construction period, and usefulness in management. Furthermore, because precast piles are manufactured in a production facility it is easy to control the quality of the pile, and they are therefore used widely in foundation structures for apartment buildings in Korea. Due to soil disturbance at the tip during the installation process of the bored pile, the end bearing capacity of the pile is not fully mobilized in common cases. The Post-grouting method is widely used to improve end bearing capacity of pile foundation by injection of grout material at the pile tip area. Using this method, it is possible to improve the ground below the tip by preloading effect, so that sufficient end bearing capacity can be generated within the allowable settlement criteria. While Post-grouting method is has been used successfully for 50 years, its use has remained limited due to the absence of a rational design procedure. While research on this method has recently been widely conducted in the United States and Southeast Asia, such study is not satisfactory in Korea. In this present research, a literature review is provided to establish backgrounds on the mechanisms of the Post-grouting method, device and technology, design parameters, and construction method. In addition, several case studies are reviewed to verify the effectiveness and practicality of Post-grouting method. Furthermore, to develop the bearing capacity improvement method for a bored pile by tip grouting, static load tests were performed at two construction sites. At first site, static load tests were carried out for two piles grouted with dissimilar pressures and one non-grouted pile, and an improvement effect analysis was carried out. In addition, at second site, to evaluate the pile movements more quantitatively, strain gauges were installed at the pile shafts area, and static load tests were conducted for one non-grouted pile and two piles grouted and constructed in weathered rock and weathered soil, respectively. Load-settlement characteristics were identified by static load test data interpretation, and load transfer analysis was conducted to figure out the bearing capacity of the pile foundation.Maste

    2017 제1μ°¨ μΆ©λ‚¨λ―Έλž˜μ—°κ΅¬ν¬λŸΌ(CNIμ„Έλ―Έλ‚˜2017-014) (홍성주,μ΄μ„ν˜•,ν™μ›ν‘œ)

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    O μ£Ό 제 : κΈ€λ‘œλ²Œ ν™˜κ²½λ³€ν™”μ— λŒ€μ‘ν•œ μΆ©λ‚¨μ˜ λ―Έλž˜μ „λž΅ O 개 μš” - 일 μ‹œ : 2017.03.09.(λͺ©) 15:00 - μž₯ μ†Œ : 좩남도청 4μΈ΅ λŒ€νšŒμ˜μ‹€ - λͺ© 적 : μΆ©λ‚¨μ˜ ν–‰λ³΅ν•œ μ„±μž₯을 선도할 λ―Έλž˜μ„±μž₯λ³ΈλΆ€μ˜ μΆœλ²”μ„ κΈ°λ…ν•˜κ³  κΈ€λ‘œλ²Œ ν™˜κ²½λ³€ν™”μ— λŒ€μ‘ν•œ λ―Έλž˜μ •μ±… λ°©ν–₯을 λͺ¨μƒ‰ O μ£Όμ œλ°œν‘œ - λ°œν‘œ 1 : κΈ€λ‘œλ²Œ νŠΈλ Œλ“œμ˜ λ³€λ™μœΌλ‘œ λ³Έ ꡭ가적, 지역적 과제 (κ³Όν•™κΈ°μˆ μ •μ±…μ—°κ΅¬μ› 홍성주 박사) - λ°œν‘œ 2 : 4μ°¨ μ‚°μ—…ν˜λͺ…μ‹œλŒ€ μΆ©λ‚¨μ˜ λ―Έλž˜μ „λž΅ (μ²­μš΄λŒ€ν•™κ΅ μœ΅ν•©κΈ°μˆ κ²½μ˜ν•™λΆ€ μ΄μ„ν˜• ꡐ수) - λ°œν‘œ 3 : μˆ˜μ†Œμ°¨ ꡭ책사업화 과정이 미래먹거리 λ°œκ΅΄μ— μ£ΌλŠ” μ‹œμ‚¬μ  (좩남연ꡬ원 ν™μ›ν‘œ 박사)- λ°œν‘œ 1 : κΈ€λ‘œλ²Œ νŠΈλ Œλ“œμ˜ λ³€λ™μœΌλ‘œ λ³Έ ꡭ가적, 지역적 과제 (κ³Όν•™κΈ°μˆ μ •μ±…μ—°κ΅¬μ› 홍성주 박사) - λ°œν‘œ 2 : 4μ°¨ μ‚°μ—…ν˜λͺ…μ‹œλŒ€ μΆ©λ‚¨μ˜ λ―Έλž˜μ „λž΅ (μ²­μš΄λŒ€ν•™κ΅ μœ΅ν•©κΈ°μˆ κ²½μ˜ν•™λΆ€ μ΄μ„ν˜• ꡐ수) - λ°œν‘œ 3 : μˆ˜μ†Œμ°¨ ꡭ책사업화 과정이 미래먹거리 λ°œκ΅΄μ— μ£ΌλŠ” μ‹œμ‚¬μ  (좩남연ꡬ원 ν™μ›ν‘œ 박사

    Qijue-Guanji Concerning Wang Shizhen’s Ci Composition

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    THE EFFECT OF SCREW TIGHTENING SEQUENCE AND TIGHTENING METHOD ON THE DETORQUE VALUE IN IMPLANT-SUPPORTED SUPERSTRUCTURE

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    Statement of problem: The screw detorque value is a measure of the preload remaining in the screw just before detorquing. Purpose: This study evaluated the effect of different screw tightening sequences and tightening methods on detorque values for a well-fitting implant superstructure. Material and method: An implant superstructure that connected directly to four implants (Astra Tech) was fabricated on a fully edentulous mandibular acrylic resin model. Six well-fitting dental stone casts were made with a pickup impression of the superstructure from the acrylic resin model. To evaluate the effect of three screw tightening sequences (1-2-3-4, 2-4-3-1, and 2-3-1-4) and two tightening methods (2-step and 1-step) on the stability of screw joint, the detorque values for a well-fitting implant superstructure were measured twice after screw tightening using 20 Ncm. Detorque values were analyzed using multi-way analysis of variance and two-way analysis of variance at a .05 level of significance. Results: 1. The mean detorque values for three screw tightening sequences were 12.3 Ncm, 12.6 Ncm, and 12.0 Ncm, respectively. 2. The mean detorque values for two screw tightening methods were 12.0 Ncm, and 12.2 Ncm, respectively. 3. The mean of mimimum detorque values for three screw tightening sequences and for two tightening methods were 10.6 Ncm, 11.1 Ncm, 10.5 Ncm, and 9.8 Ncm, respectively. 4. No statistically significant differences among the variables of screw tightening sequence and tightening method were found (p>.05) for detorque values and for mimimum detorque values. Conclusion: Within the limitations of this study, the screw tightening sequence and tightening method did not have a significant effect on the detorque values for a well-fitting implant superstructure.이 μ—°κ΅¬λŠ” μ„œμšΈλŒ€ν•™κ΅ μ‹ μž…κ΅μˆ˜ μ—°κ΅¬μ •μ°©κΈˆμœΌλ‘œ μ§€μ›λ˜λŠ” 연ꡬ비에 μ˜ν•˜μ—¬ μˆ˜ν–‰λ˜μ—ˆμŒ

    In Vitro Study on the Initial Stability of Two Tapered Dental Implant Systems in Poor Bone Quality

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    μž„ν”Œλž€νŠΈμ˜ 성곡은 식립 ν›„μ˜ 초기 μ•ˆμ •μ„± (Initial stability)의 κ²°κ³Όκ°€ μ€‘μš”ν•œ 영ν–₯을 μ€€λ‹€. 이 μ—°κ΅¬μ˜ λͺ©μ μ€ μ—° 질 κ³¨μ—μ„œ 두 μ’…λ₯˜μ˜ ν…Œμ΄νΌ ν˜•νƒœ μž„ν”Œλž€νŠΈκ°€ μž„ν”Œλž€νŠΈμ˜ λ””μžμΈκ³Ό self-tapping blade의 μœ λ¬΄μ— λ”°λΌμ„œ 초기 μ•ˆμ • 성에 μ£ΌλŠ” 영ν–₯을 μ•Œμ•„λ³΄λŠ” 것이닀. Self-tapping bladeλ₯Ό 가지고 μžˆλŠ” 것과 가지고 μžˆμ§€ μ•Šμ€ 두 μ’…λ₯˜μ˜ ν…Œμ΄νΌ ν˜•νƒœ μž„ν”Œλž€νŠΈκ°€ μ‚¬μš©λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€. Solid Rigid Polyurethane Form으둜 μ—°μ§ˆ 골 μƒνƒœμΈ D4 골 λͺ¨ν˜•μ„ μž¬ν˜„ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. μž„ν”Œλž€νŠΈ 고정체λ₯Ό μ‹λ¦½ν•˜λ©΄μ„œ 초기 μ•ˆμ • μ„± 값을 κΈ°λ‘ν•˜κ³ , 식립 직후 implant stability quotient (ISQ)을 μΈ‘μ •ν•˜μ—¬ Resonance frequency Analysis (RFA)λ₯Ό 평가 ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰μœΌλ‘œ μž„ν”Œλž€νŠΈκ°€ μ‹λ¦½λœ λͺ¨ν˜•κ³¨μ„ 만λŠ₯ μ‹œν—˜κΈ°μ— λΆ€μ°©ν•˜μ—¬ μž₯μΆ• λ°©ν–₯으둜의 pull-out forceλ₯Ό μΈ‘μ •ν•˜ μ˜€λ‹€. 초기 μ•ˆμ •μ„± κ°’κ³Ό μ΅œλŒ€ pull-out torque 값은 non self-tapping implantsκ°€ self-tapping group에 λΉ„ν•˜μ—¬ ν†΅κ³„ν•™μ μœΌλ‘œ μœ μ˜ν•˜κ²Œ 큰 평균값을 λ‚˜νƒ€λƒˆλ‹€ (P = 0.008). 곡진 주파수 뢄석 결과인 ISQ 값은 거의 λΉ„μŠ·ν•œ 평균값을 λ³΄μ˜€μœΌλ©΄ ν†΅κ³„ν•™μ μœΌλ‘œ 차이가 μ—†μ—ˆλ‹€. 각 μž„ν”Œλž€νŠΈ μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμ—μ„œ 식립 토크와 pull-out μ΅œλŒ€ 토크 그리고 곡진 주파수 κ°„μ—λŠ” 상관관계λ₯Ό λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚΄μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜λ‹€. Non self-tapping μž„ν”Œλž€νŠΈμ˜ 높은 식립 ν† ν¬λŠ” μž„μƒμ μœΌλ‘œ μš°μˆ˜ν•œ 초기 μ•ˆμ •μ„±μ„ μ˜λ―Έν•œλ‹€. 결둠적으둜 μ—°μ§ˆ κ³¨μ—μ„œ self-tapping bladeκ°€ μ—†λŠ” μž„ν”Œλž€νŠΈκ°€ μžˆλŠ” 것 보닀 더 μš°μˆ˜ν•œ 초기 μ•ˆμ •μ„±μ„ λ³΄μ˜€λ‹€. The successful outcome of dental implants is mainly the result of intial implant stability following placement. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a self-tapping blades and implant design on initial stability of two tapered implant systems in poor bone quality. The two different implant systems included one with self-tapping blades and one without self-tapping blades. D4 bone model using Solid Rigid Polyurethane Form was used to simulate poor bone densities. The insertion torque during implant placement was recorded. Resonance frequency Analysis (RFA), measured as the implant stability quotient (ISQ), was assessed immediately after insertion. Finally, the implant-bone specimen was transferred to an Universal Testing Machine to measure the axial pull-out force. Insertion torque values and maximum pull-out torque value of the non self-tapping implants were significantly higher than those in the self-tapping group (P = 0.008). No statistically differences were noted between the two implant designs in RFA. Within the each implant system, no correlation among insertion torque, maximum pull-out torque and RFA value could be determined. Higher insertion torque of the non-self-tapping implants appeared to confirm higher clinical initial stability. In conclusion, implants without self-tapping blades have higher initial stability than implants with self-tapping blades in poor bone quality
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