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    Trends of higher education policy studies in Korea: Research topics and characteristics of researchers

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    ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์€ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ๊ณ ๋“ฑ๊ต์œก ์ •์ฑ…์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ธฐ๊ด€์—์„œ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋œ ๊ณ ๋“ฑ๊ต์œก ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ฃผ์ œ๋ณ„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋™ํ–ฅ๊ณผ ์ฐธ์—ฌ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž ํ˜„ํ™ฉ์„ ์ฒด๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ œ์‹œํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ, ํ–ฅํ›„ ๋ณด๋‹ค ํƒ€๋‹น์„ฑ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณ ๋“ฑ๊ต์œก ์ •์ฑ…์ˆ˜๋ฆฝ๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ์„ค์ •์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹œ์‚ฌ์ ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ง€๋‚œ 10๋…„๊ฐ„(2000~2009) ๊ตญ๋‚ด์˜ 4๊ฐœ ์ฃผ์š” ๊ณ ๋“ฑ๊ต์œก ์ •์ฑ… ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ธฐ๊ด€์—์„œ ๋ฐœ๊ฐ„ํ•œ 384ํŽธ์˜ ์ •์ฑ…์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ๋ฅผ, ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๊ฐ€ ๊ณ ์•ˆํ•œ ์ฃผ์ œ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฃผ์ œ๋ณ„โ€ค์‹œ๊ธฐ๋ณ„โ€ค์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ ๊ธฐ๊ด€๋ณ„๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ , ์•„์šธ๋Ÿฌ ์ •์ฑ…์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ–ˆ๋˜ 746๋ช…์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๋“ค์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ™œ๋™ ํŒจํ„ด๊ณผ ์ „๊ณต ๋ถ„ํฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๊ตญ๋‚ด ์ •์ฑ…์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์€ ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฑฐ์‹œ์  ์ฐจ์›์˜ ์ •์ฑ…์  ๋ชฉ์ ์—์„œ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ(์ฑ…๋ฌด์„ฑ/์งˆ๋ณด์žฅ; ํ–‰์ •/์ง€๋ฐฐ๊ตฌ์กฐ)๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ๊ณ  ๋‚ด์šฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒํ†ตํ•ฉโ€คํ˜•ํ‰์„ฑ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ฃผ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ๋ฅผ ์ด๋ฃจ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์„ธ๋ถ€์ ์ธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ฃผ์ œ๋Š” ์‹œ๊ธฐ๋ณ„ ์ •๋ถ€์˜ ์ •์ฑ…์  ๊ด€์‹ฌ๊ณผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜ ์„ค๋ฆฝ ๋ชฉ์ ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ตญ๋‚ด ๊ณ ๋“ฑ๊ต์œก ์ •์ฑ…์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ „๊ณต ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ํ•™์ž๋“ค์ด ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์ „๋ฌธ์˜์—ญ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ฃผ์ œ ์˜์—ญ์„ ๋„˜๋‚˜๋“ค๋ฉฐ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•ด ์˜จ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๋“ค์ด ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ํ–ฅํ›„ ๊ณ ๋“ฑ๊ต์œก ์ •์ฑ…์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ „ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” (1) ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ฃผ์ œ์˜์—ญ์„ ๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ท ํ˜•์žˆ๊ฒŒ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ , (2) ์ •์ฑ…์ด ์‹œํ–‰๋˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์ง์ ‘ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ํ˜„์žฅ์ธ ๋‹จ์œ„๋Œ€ํ•™์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์Šˆ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, (3) ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ ๋“ฑ๊ต์œก ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ ์ฃผ์ œ๋ณ„ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€ ์œก์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋ฐœ๊ตด์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ธฐ์šธ์ด๊ณ , (4) ์ •์ฑ…์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๊ธฐ๊ด€๊ฐ„์˜ ํšจ์œจ์  ์—ญํ•  ๋ถ„๋‹ด๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ณ„โ€คํ˜‘๋ ฅ์ฒด์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์œผ๋กœ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. This study aims to look into methods of improving Korea's higher education policies and adjusting its direction of research. By thoroughly analyzing higher education policy studies done by major research institutes, it will examine research trends and characteristics of the researchers. To achieve this goal, 384 HE policy studies from four research institutes(MEST; KEDI; KRIVET; KCUE) which have been heavily involved in higher education policy studies were selected and analyzed by topic, study period, research institute according to the classification scheme developed by the authors. The research patterns and majors of 746 researchers in the studies were also investigated. The results show that the overall trend of the studies seemed to focus mainly on (1) system level issues rather than institutional ones; and (2) efficiency rather than social integration/equity. However, frequencies of sub-topics varied according to periodical changes of policy foci of Korean government and the characteristics of research institutes concerned. In addition, individual researchers tended to cover multiple topics and researchers academic backgrounds were quite diverse. The findings of the study suggest that (1) more balanced research topics including institutional issues should be dealt with in future policy studies; and (2) more deliberate government efforts to nurture higher education researchers and to facilitate closer collaboration between higher education research institutes should be considered in the future. Key words: higher education, policy study, trends of higher education research, study topi
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