28 research outputs found

    ์ฝ๊ธฐ ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ • ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๊ณผ ์ฝ๊ธฐ ํ‰๊ฐ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ† ๋ก ๋ฌธ

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    ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ต์œก์ด ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์—ผ๋ คํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชฉ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋†’์€ ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ๏ผŒ ๊ต์œก๊ณ„ ๋‚ด์™ธ์˜ ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๊ต๊ณผ ๊ต์œก์˜ ๋ฐœ์ „์ด ํ˜„์•ˆ ๋ฌธ์ œ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์˜ ์—ด์‡ ๋ฅผ ์ฅ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ต๊ณผ ๊ต์œก์˜ ๋ถ„์•ผ ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ์—์„œ๋„ ๊ต์ˆ˜ ํ•™์Šต ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๊ณผ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ต์œก์˜ ๊ณผ์ •์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ๋•Œ๏ผŒ ํ•ต์‹ฌ์„์ธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ถ„์•ผ๋ผ ํ•˜๊ฒ ๋‹ค. ๊ต๊ณผ ๊ต์œก์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋ณด๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ต์‹ค ์ˆ˜์—…์€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ต์ˆ˜ ํ•™์Šต ๊ทธ ์ž์ฒด์ด๋ฉฐ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ต์œก์˜ ์ „์ฒด์ ์ธ ๊ณผ์ •์˜ ํ™˜๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ต์œก ๊ฐœ์„ ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ ์—์„œ ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ •๊ณผ ํ‰๊ฐ€๏ผŒ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์ข…๋ž˜์˜ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ด๊ณ  ๋ง‰์—ฐํ•œ ํ‰๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ฝ๊ธฐ ์˜์—ญ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ ์˜์—ญ์„ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์‚ผํ˜•์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์‹œ์˜ ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ผ ํ•˜๊ฒ ๋‹ค

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    ์ œ๊ฐ€ 1976๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 1977๋…„ ์‚ฌ์ด์— 1๋…„๊ฐ„๏ผŒ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ง€๋‚œ ํ•™๊ธฐ์— ํ•œ 6๊ฐœ์›”๊ฐ„ ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ฐจ ๊ฐ”์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์ณ๋ณธ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์€ ์ „ํ˜€์—†๊ณ ๏ผŒ๋…์ผ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ํ•œ๊ตญํ•™์„ผํ„ฐ์ธ Bochum๋Œ€ํ•™์—์„œ ๊ต์ˆ˜๏ผŒ์กฐ๊ต๏ผŒํ•™์ƒ์„๊ณผ ์–˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ•  ๊ธฐํšŒ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฒˆ์—๋Š” ๋‚จ์ชฝ์˜ Konstanz๋Œ€ํ•™์— ๋ช‡ ๊ฐœ์›” ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ฐ€๏ผŒ์˜ค๋Š” ๊ธธ์— Tรผbingen๋Œ€ํ•™์— ๊ฐ”์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ์ด๊ณณ์— ์ตœ๊ทผ ์— ํ•œ๊ตญํ•™๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ฒจ ์•„์ด์บ ๋งŒ์ด๋ผ๋Š”๋ถ„์ด ์ •๊ต์ˆ˜๋กœ์„œ ํ•œ๊ตญํ•™์„ ์œก์„ฑํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์„œ๋…์— ์„œ ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด ๊ต์œก์€๏ผŒ ๊ทธ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ•์ƒ ์ด ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ํ•œ๊ตญ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์›๊ณผ ๊ฒฐํ˜ผํ•œ ๋Œ€ํ•™์ƒ ๋“ค์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํ˜น์€ ํ•œ๊ตญ์— ์ดˆ์ฒญ์„ ๋ฐ›์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ ์ด ๋ฏธ๋ฆฌ ์˜ˆ๋น„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Bochum๊ณผ Tรผbingen๋Œ€ ํ•™ ์™ธ ์— Mรผnchen, Gรถttingen, ์ž์œ ๋ฒ ๋ฅผ๋ฆฐ, Kรถln, Frankfurt, Bonn ๋Œ€ํ•™์—์„œ ํ•œ๊ตญํ•™ ๊ฐ•์ขŒ๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ์„คํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ํ•™์ƒ ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์ ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ์ค‘์— Bonn๋Œ€ํ•™์ด ํ•™์ƒ์ด ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ๋งŽ์•„์„œ 40~50๋ช…๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๊ตฌ๊ธฐ์„ฑ๊ต์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋‹ด๋‹น์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ง๋ถ™์—ฌ์„œ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆด ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ง€๋‚œ 4์›” ์ค‘์ˆœ์— ์˜๊ตญ์ค‘๋ถ€์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋”๋Ÿผ(Durham)์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋„์‹œ์—์„œ ์—ด๋ฆฐ ์œ ๋ ตํ•œ๊ตญํ•™ํšŒ์— ์ฐธ์„ํ•œ ์ผ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ๏ผŒ์„œ๊ตฌ๋ผํŒŒ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ ๋ผ ๋™๊ตฌ๋ผํŒŒ์— 117๋ก ์„œ๋„ ์†Œ๋ จํ•™์ž ๋‘˜์„ ํฌํ•จํ•ด์„œ ๋งŽ์ด ์ฐธ์„ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ๋™๊ตฌ๋ผํŒŒ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๊ณผ ์„œ๊ตฌ๋ผํŒŒ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๊ด€์ด ์™„์ „ํžˆ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์„œ๏ผŒ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ๋ถํ•œ์— ์œ ํ•™์„ ๋‹ค๋…€ ์˜จ ๋™๊ตฌ๋ผํŒŒ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ฒ˜์Œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํ•œ๊ตญ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋Œ€ํ•˜๋ฉด ํ•œ๊ตญ๋ง๋กœ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฐœํ‘œ๋ฅผ ํ• ๋•Œ๋„ํ•œ๊ตญ๋ง๋กœ ๋ฐœํ‘œํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋งŽ์•˜๋Š”๋ฐ, ์„œ๊ตฌ๋ผํŒŒ ์ถœ์‹ ๋“ค์€ ํ•œ๊ตญ๋ง์„ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์“ฐ์งˆ ์•Š๊ณ  ๋ฐœํ‘œ๋„ ๋ฌผ๋ก  ์˜์–ด๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋Œ€์กฐ๋ฅผ ์ด๋ฃจ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค

    National Language and its Education in Transition Era

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    Any national language is doomed to follow the same destiny of the nation. It is turned around by the nation's social and political changes. In the present paper, two cases were to be examined : that of France, the nation which has long been recognized for its efforts for prevention of the French language with visible and positive results, and, that of Bulgaria, the origin of Kyrill alphabet, who has not been lucky enough to maintain national integrity(or, dignity) for over six hundred years. Still these two states share some common features, like EU spirit and globalization, which has a lot to do with mentality of its language users and policy makers. By observing actual conditions and history of national language and its education matters in these two cases, the future of Korean language as the national language and its education matters may hopefully visioned under clearer insight

    On Teaching of Academic Korean for the Learners with None-Korean-Studies Major

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    ๊ตญ๋‚ด์™ธ์—์„œ ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ชจ์–ด๋กœ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด ํ•™์Šต์ž๊ฐ€ ๋Š˜์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋“ค์˜ ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด ํ•™์Šต ๋ชฉ์ ๊ณผ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ๋ฐ๏ผŒ ์ด๋“ค ์ค‘ ํ•™๋ฌธ ๋ชฉ์  ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด ํ•™์Šต์ž์—๊ฒŒ ์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์šธ์ผ ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๏ผŒ ํ•™๋ฌธ ๋ชฉ์  ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด ํ•™์Šต์ž์˜ ํ•™๋ฌธ ๋ถ„์•ผ๋Š”๏ผŒํฌ๊ฒŒ ํ•œ๊ตญํ•™ ๋ถ„์•ผ์™€ ๋น„ํ•œ๊ตญํ•™ ๋ถ„์•ผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์–ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ๏ผŒ ์ •๊ทœ ๊ต์œก๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜ ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด ๊ต์›์˜ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด/ํ•œ๊ตญํ•™ ์ „๊ณต์ž์ž„์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ๋•Œ๏ผŒ ๋น„ํ•œ๊ตญํ•™ ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด๊ต์œก์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์ „๋ฌธ์„ฑ์„ ์‹ ์žฅ์‹œ์ผˆ ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š”๏ผŒ ๋น„ํ•œ ๊ตญํ•™ ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด๊ต์œก ํ˜„ํ™ฉ๊ณผ ์ˆ˜์š”์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์‚ดํ”ผ๊ณ 1 ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ณผ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ ‘๊ทผ์œผ๋กœ ๋น„ํ•œ๊ตญํ•™ ๋ถ„์•ผ ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด๊ต์œก์˜ ๋ชฉํ‘œ์™€ ๋‚ด์šฉ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๏ผŒ ๊ต์ˆ˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ๋ฐ ๊ต์žฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋…ผํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ๏ผŒ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ๏ผŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์‚ฌํšŒ์— ์ƒˆ๋กœ ๋– ์˜ค๋ฅด๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ์ธ ๋‹ค๋ฌธํ™” ๊ฐ€์ • ์ž๋…€์˜ ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด๊ต์œก ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋…ผ์˜๋ฅผ ๋ง๋ถ™์˜€๋‹ค Purpose of learning a language varies from learner to learner and Korean language learning can not be an exception. The present paper deals with teaching of Korean for academic purpose, more specifically, for the learners whose major is not (or, will not be) the Korean Studies, by reviewing relevant statistics, examining issues in objectives, content structure, teaching and learning methodologies and teaching materials. In addition, teaching of Korean for the children of multi-cultural families in Korea is dealt with, for the purpose of raising an issue regarding a new challenge of the field

    Revisiting Research Methodologies for Korean Language Education for Non-native Speakers

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    The purpose of this research is to analyze the type and function of the learning activity in Korean language textbooks from 1930' s to the middle of 1980' s. In those days, the audio-lingual method was the general trend in Korean language textbooks and it focused on repetitions and memorizing based on drills in the learning activity. In the concrete, the types of the learning activity appear the change of grammar patterns, substitution activity, dialogue activity, question-answer activity, making a sentence, filling in a blank, drawing a line and so on. This shows that the function of the learning activity focused on grammar and vocabulary learning. On the other hand, it appears that learning activity is not enough in the field of he language activity, namely speaking, listening, reading and writing. Especially, he earning activity in the field of listening is most insufficient. For these reasons, it needs to develop various learning activity for language activity. It is possible for this analysis to know the trend and the educational objectives of the Korean language education. Moreover, it is possible for this analysis to present the background information for research of the historical change of the learning activity in Korean language textbooks

    International Comparative Study on Language Policy for Multi-cultural Children

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    ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‹ค๋ฌธํ™” ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ์—ญ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ธด ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ์ค‘์—์„œ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์˜ ์ฒด์ œ์™€ ์ด๋ฏผ์˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ์ƒ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋กœ ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค์™€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์„ ์„ ์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์„ ์ •ํ•œ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์—์„œ, ์ด๋ฏธ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์— ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์„ฑ๊ณผ์™€ ์ž๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋Š ์ •๋„ ์ถ•์ ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฒ•์ด๋‚˜ ์ œ๋„์ ์ธ ์ธก๋ฉด๋ณด๋‹ค ์‹ค์ œ ๊ต์œก ํ˜„์žฅ์—์„œ ์ด๋ฅธ๋ฐ” ๋‹ค๋ฌธํ™”๊ฐ€์ •์ž๋…€์˜ ์–ธ์–ด๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€, ๋‹ค๋ฌธํ™”๊ฐ€์ •์ž๋…€๋“ค์ด ํ•™๊ต์—์„œ ์–ธ์–ด๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€, ์žฌํ•™์ƒ๊ณผ ๊ต์‚ฌ ๋ฐ ์„ฑ์ธ์˜ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์„ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ˜„์ƒ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ˜„์ƒ์˜ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ต์‚ฌ๊ต์œก ๋ฐ ๊ต์‚ฌ์ž๊ฒฉ์ œ๋„๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ๊ด€ํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ฐ๊ตญ์˜ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์œผ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋ฅผ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์œ„์—์„œ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•œ ์ž๋ฃŒ์™€ ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ๋ฌธํ—Œ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ต์œก์—์„œ ๋‹ค๋ฌธํ™”๊ฐ€์ • ์ž๋…€์˜ ์–ธ์–ด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค๋ฃฐ ๊ฒƒ์ธ์ง€์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์‹œ์‚ฌ์ ์„ ์ถ”์ถœํ•˜์—ฌ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ ๊ตญ์–ด(์–ธ์–ด) ๊ต์œก๊ณผ ๋‹ค๋ฌธํ™”๊ต์œก์˜ ์ง€ํ–ฅ์„ ์žฌ์ ๊ฒ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹œํ–‰์ฐฉ์˜ค๋ฅผ ์ค„์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ต์œก ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.The present study aims to provide understandings to develop language policies for so-called multi-cultural students by doing international comparative studies with very concrete cases of USA and France. We have chosen USA for immigrant countries and France, nation-states. Actually, we already have enough materials and researches about relevant laws and regulations, which made me to be curious about the reality: what so-called multi-cultural students and their teachers are experiencing in the class and on the street. Visits to schools, interviews with those who are directly and indirectly related to the matter and teacher training structure of those countries were very helpful to deepen the understanding. To end with, we tried to show implications of those findings to and suggestions for Korean education

    ์ „๊ทน ๋ถ„๋ฆฌํ˜• ์ดˆ๋ฏธ๋Ÿ‰ ์ˆ˜์ •์ง„๋™์ž ์ €์šธ์˜ ํ ์ธ์ž ํ–ฅ์ƒ๊ณผ ๊ธฐ์ฒด ์„ผ์„œ๋กœ์˜ ํ™œ์šฉ

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    Master๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ „๊ทน์ด ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๋œ ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ์ดˆ๋ฏธ๋Ÿ‰ ์ˆ˜์ •์ง„๋™์ž ์ €์šธ์— ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์ด ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ”์„ ๋•Œ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ํ ์ธ์ž์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด ๋•Œ ์ „๊ทน์ด ์ฆ์ฐฉ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ˆ˜์ •ํŒ์„ ์ˆ˜ํ‰ํ•œ ๋‘ ์ „๊ทน์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ํ”Œ๋กœ์šฐ ์…€์— ๋„ฃ์–ด์„œ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ์šฐ์„ , ์‹คํ—˜ ์žฅ์น˜์˜ ์ตœ์ ํ™”๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ „๊ทน ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์™€ ์ „์••์„ ์กฐ์ ˆํ•˜๋ฉฐ ํ ์ธ์ž ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ „๊ทน ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์งง์„์ˆ˜๋ก, ์ „์••์ด ๊ฐ•ํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก ํ ์ธ์ž๊ฐ€ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ „๊ทน ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์งง์€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์ˆ˜์ •ํŒ์— ๋” ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์ „๊ธฐ์žฅ์ด ๊ฑธ๋ฆฌ๊ฒŒ ๋  ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ํฐ ์ž„ํ”ผ๋˜์Šค๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ๊ณต๊ธฐ์ธต์˜ ๋‘๊ป˜๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋†’์€ ํ ์ธ์ž๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ „์••์„ ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€ํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์••์ „ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ •ํŒ์ด ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ๋ณ€ํ˜•๋˜๋Š” ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์™€์„œ ํ ์ธ์ž๊ฐ€ ์ƒ์Šนํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ณผ์ •์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์งง์€ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ, ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์ „์••์˜ ์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์„ ์˜ฌ๋ ค๊ฐ€๋ฉฐ ์‹คํ—˜์„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋จผ์ € ํด๋ฆฌ๋ฉ”ํ‹ธ๋ฉ”ํƒ€์•„ํฌ๋ฆด๋ ˆ์ดํŠธ ๊ณ ๋ถ„์ž๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์ •ํŒ์— ์Šคํ•€์ฝ”ํŒ… ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ณ ๋ถ„์ž์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ ์ธ ์ ํƒ„์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ๋ฌผ์งˆ๋กœ ๋‘๊ป˜๊ฐ€ ๋‘๊บผ์›Œ์งˆ์ˆ˜๋ก ํ ์ธ์ž๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ ํƒ„์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ๋ฌผ์งˆ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ˆ˜์ •ํŒ์œ„์— ์˜ฌ๋ ธ์„ ๋•Œ ๊ทธ ๋‘๊ป˜์˜ ์„ธ์ œ๊ณฑ์— ๋น„๋ก€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์†์‹ค์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํ ์ธ์ž๋Š” ์„ธ์ œ๊ณฑ์˜ ์—ญ์ˆ˜์— ๋น„๋ก€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ณ  ๋‹จ๋‹จํ•œ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์„ ํ•„๋ฆ„์œผ๋กœ ์˜ฌ๋ ธ์„ ๋•Œ ๋ณด๋‹ค ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๊ฐ€ ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ์†์‹ค๋˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉฐ ํ ์ธ์ž๋Š” ๊ฐ์†Œํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ๋Š” ๊ธˆ ๋ฐ•๋ง‰์„ ์ˆ˜์ •ํŒ ์œ„์— ์—ด์ฆ์ฐฉ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด ๋•Œ ๊ธˆ์ด ๋‘ ์ „๊ทน ์‚ฌ์ด์— ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด ์ž์œ ์ „์ž๊ฐ€ ์ „๊ทน์˜ (+)๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋™ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ํŽธ์€ ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ „์ž๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€์กฑํ•ด์ ธ์„œ ๊ธˆ ๋ฐ•๋ง‰์ด ์œ„์•„๋ž˜๋กœ ๋ถ„๊ทน๋˜๋Š” ํ˜„์ƒ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ธˆ์†์ด ๋งž๋‹ฟ์•„์žˆ๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ •ํŒ ๋ถ€๋ถ„๋„ ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋ถ„๊ทน์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋•Œ ์ฆ์ฐฉ๋œ ๊ธˆ ๋ฐ•๋ง‰์€ ์ „๊ทน์ด ์ˆ˜์ •ํŒ ์œ„์— ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋ถ™์–ด์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ์ƒํƒœ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ์ฃผ๋ฉฐ ํ ์ธ์ž๊ฐ€ ๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํžˆ ์ƒ์Šนํ•˜๋Š” ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜จ๋‹ค. ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๊ธˆ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋†’์€ ์ž„ํ”ผ๋˜์Šค๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ˆ˜์ •ํŒ์˜ ์ง„๋™์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ํŒŒ๋™์ด ๋ฐ˜์‚ฌ๋˜์–ด ๋‚ด๋ถ€์— ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ์ €์žฅ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋Š” ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜จ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํšจ๊ณผ๋Š” ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ„ ํ•„๋ฆ„์˜ ์งˆ๋Ÿ‰์ด ์ปค์งˆ์ˆ˜๋ก ๋” ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ณ  ์‹คํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ƒ์œผ๋กœ๋„ ํ•„๋ฆ„์ด ๋‘๊บผ์›Œ ์งˆ์ˆ˜๋ก ํ ์ธ์ž๊ฐ€ ์ƒ์Šนํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ธˆ ๋ฐ•๋ง‰์˜ ๋ฐ˜์ง€๋ฆ„์„ ํ‚ค์šฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ํ ์ธ์ž๋ฅผ ํ–ฅ์ƒ ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜จ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๊ธˆ ๋ฐ•๋ง‰์ด ์ง„๋™์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฉด์ ์ด ๋” ๋„“์–ด์ง€๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ๋ฉด์—๋งŒ ๊ธˆ ๋ฐ•๋ง‰์„ ์˜ฌ๋ฆฐ ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ์–‘๋ฉด์— ๊ธˆ ๋ฐ•๋ง‰์„ ์˜ฌ๋ฆฐ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์–‘๋ฉด์—์„œ ๋ฐ˜์‚ฌ๋œ ํŒŒ๋™์— ์˜ํ•ด ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ํŠธ๋ž˜ํ•‘์ด ๋” ์ž˜ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜์„œ ํ ์ธ์ž๊ฐ€ ์ƒ์Šนํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. ์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ, ์‚ฐํ™”์•„์—ฐ ๋‚˜๋…ธ๋ง‰๋Œ€๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์ •ํŒ ์œ„์— ๊ธธ๋Ÿฌ์„œ ๊ธธ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ํ ์ธ์ž ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ ์ธ์ž๋Š” ๋‚˜๋…ธ๋ง‰๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ํŠน์ • ๊ธธ์ด๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ธธ์–ด์งˆ์ˆ˜๋ก ์ ์  ๋” ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ  ์ด๋Š” ์งˆ๋Ÿ‰์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ํŠธ๋ž˜ํ•‘์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ํ˜„์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํŠน์ •ํ•œ ๊ธธ์ด๋ฅผ ๋„˜์–ด๊ฐ€๋ฉด ์˜คํžˆ๋ ค ํ ์ธ์ž๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์ด๋Š” ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ„ ์งˆ๋Ÿ‰์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œํ•‘ ํšจ๊ณผ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธˆ๊ณผ ๋น„๊ตํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ์‚ฐํ™” ์•„์—ฐ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚ฎ์€ ์œ ์ „์œจ๊ณผ ์ž„ํ”ผ๋˜์Šค๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ํ ์ธ์ž ํ–ฅ์ƒ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฎ์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ๊ธธ์ด์™€ ํ ์ธ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฐํ™”์•„์—ฐ ๋‚˜๋…ธ๋ง‰๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ๊ธธ๋Ÿฌ์ง„ ์ˆ˜์ •ํŒ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์งˆ์†Œ๋ฅผ ํ˜๋ ค์ฃผ๋ฉด์„œ ํ ์ธ์ž์™€ ๋…ธ์ด์ฆˆ์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•ด ๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํ ์ธ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋†’์€ ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋‚ฎ์€ ๋…ธ์ด์ฆˆ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์ธ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ด๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํ ์ธ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ์˜ 1/2 ๋น„์œจ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ† ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋†’์€ ์ž„ํ”ผ๋˜์Šค์™€ ์œ ์ „์œจ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ๋ฌผ์งˆ์ด ์ผ์ • ์งˆ๋Ÿ‰ ์ดํ•˜๋กœ ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ”์„ ๋•Œ ํ ์ธ์ž๊ฐ€ ํ–ฅ์ƒ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ ์ธ์ž๊ฐ€ ํ–ฅ์ƒ๋œ ์ „๊ทน์ด ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๋œ ์ดˆ๋ฏธ๋Ÿ‰ ์ˆ˜์ •์ง„๋™์ž์ €์šธ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ๋ฏผ๊ฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์•ˆ์ •์ ์ธ ๊ธฐ์ฒด์„ผ์„œ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๋ฐ์— ํ™œ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค.In this thesis, we investigated the quality factor (Q factor) change on electrodeless quartz crystal microbalance (ELQCM) after various materials were loaded. The experimental setup was optimized by adjusting the distance of electrodes and voltage. The shorter distance and the larger voltage resulted in high Q factor owing to stronger electric field that could deform quartz more. Also, the distance change related with the thickness of air layer with high impedance between electrodes. Then, various materials were loaded on bare quartz. Firstly, poly methylmethacrylate(PMMA) was spin-coated on quartz crystal. The Q factor decreased as the thickness of polymer increased because of the viscoelastic property. The energy dissipation factor of oscillation which is the inverse of Q factor is proportional to cubic thickness of polymer. Therefore, the polymer film dissipated the stored energy quickly. Secondly, gold was thermal-evaporated on quartz crystal. The free electron of gold moved to the (+) side of electrode to polarize the whole gold film. Quartz also got polarized at the interface of gold to get sharply enhanced Q factor. Gold also had high acoustic impedance that could induce acoustic energy trapping effect under the metal film to store energy. This effect increased with higher mass loading. As a result, as the thickness of gold film increased, the Q factor also increased. Furthermore, widening the area of gold film increased the Q factor with expanded area of oscillation. Finally, the double-sided sample could enhance the acoustic energy trapping effect to make the Q factor 2-times higher than 1-sided one. Thirdly, ZnO nanorod was grown on quartz crystal. The nanorod elongated to increase the Q factor until certain length because of energy trapping. Over the length, the damping effect originated from mass loading was increased to reduce the Q factor. Lastly, ZnO nanorod samples with various lengths were used for estimate noise level of baseline under N2 flow. As the Q factor getting higher, the noise level was decreased to have stable baseline

    A case study on the language support programmes for non-native foreign undergraduate and graduate students in paris 3, 7, and the University of Surrey

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    ์ด ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค์™€ ์˜๊ตญ์˜ 3๊ฐœ ๋Œ€ํ•™์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ํ•ด์™ธ ๋Œ€ํ•™์˜ ์ž๋น„๋ชจ์–ด ํ™”์ž ๋Œ€ํ•™(์›)์ƒ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์–ธ์–ด ์ง€์› ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ํŒŒ๋ฆฌ 3, 7๋Œ€ํ•™๊ณผ ์„œ๋ฆฌ ๋Œ€ํ•™์€ ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค์™€ ์˜๊ตญ์—์„œ๋„ ์™ธ๊ตญ์ธ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ž๊ตญ์–ด ๊ต์œก์ด ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๊ณ  ์œ ํ•™์ƒ ๋น„์œจ๋„ 20%๋‚˜ ๋†’์„ ์ •๋„๋กœ ๊ตญ์ œํ™”๋œ ๋Œ€ํ•™๋“ค์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋“ค ๋Œ€ํ•™์€ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ ์—ฐํ•ฉ์˜ ์–ธ์–ด ๋ฐ ๊ต์œก ์ •์ฑ…์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์œ ํ•™์ƒ ๋ฐ ๊ตํ™˜ํ•™์ƒ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ž๊ตญ์–ด ๊ต์œก ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ ๋ฐ ์ง€์› ์ œ๋„๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ํ•™๋ฌธ ๋ชฉ์ ์˜ ์ž๊ตญ์–ด ๊ต์œก ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ด ์ „๊ณต ํŠน์„ฑ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ฐœ์„ค๋˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์ž๋“ค์˜ ํ•™์œ„ ๊ณผ์ •์„ ์ง€์›ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ , ๊ณผ์ • ์ด์ˆ˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ž๊ตญ์–ด ์š”๊ตฌ ์ˆ˜์ค€์„ ์—„๊ฒฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ๋„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ•™์‚ฌ ์ง€์›์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋‹ค๊ตญ์–ด ์„œ๋น„์Šค ๋ฐ ์–ธ์–ดโ€ค๋ฌธํ™” ๊ตํ™˜ํ•™์Šต ์ง€์›๋„ ๋Œ€ํ•™๋ณ„๋กœ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ•„์ž๋“ค์€ ๊ตญ๋‚ด ๋Œ€ํ•™์˜ ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด ๊ต์œก ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์—์„œ ํ•™์ˆ  ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด ๊ฐ•์ขŒ์˜ ์ „๋ฌธํ™”, ํ•™์œ„ ๊ณผ์ •๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ณ„ํ•œ ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด ๊ต์œก ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ ์šด์˜, ํ•™์ˆ  ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด ๊ฐ•์ขŒ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ•™์  ์ธ์ •, ์˜์–ด๋กœ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๋Š” ๊ฐ•์ขŒ์˜ ํ‰๊ฐ€์™€ ์„ ๋ณ„, ๋‹ค๊ตญ์–ด ์„œ๋น„์Šค ๋ฐ ์–ธ์–ด๊ตํ™˜ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์˜ ์ง€์› ๋“ฑ์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. This study examines language support programmes for non-native foreign undergraduate and graduate students in European universities like Paris 3, 7, and the University of Surrey. These universities are international institutions in which the ratio of foreign students is over 20%. Additionally, their language programmes for foreign students are quite effective. On the basis of information on the universities' websites and in other related materials, the authors of this paper concluded that these universities have diverse specialized language teaching programmes and support programmes for foreign and exchange students. Therefore, the authors suggest that the following should be implemented in Korean universities: (1) specialized Korean language support programmes for academic purposes, (2) association of Korean language education courses with general degree programmes, (3) an evaluation of the types of programmes taught in English, and (4) support for multi-lingual services and tandem programmes
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