A Comparison of Active Surveillance Programs Including a Spontaneous Reporting Model for Phamacovigilance of Adverse Drug Events in a Hospital

Background/Aims: Spontaneous reporting systems have several weak points, such as low reporting rates and insufficient clinical information. Active surveillance programs, such as ward rounds and a clinical data repository (CDR), may supplement the weak points of such systems. We developed active surveillance programs and compared them with existing spontaneous reporting. Methods: We collected adverse drug event (ADE) cases, which comprised 1,055 cases of spontaneous reporting, 309 reported by ward rounds, and 229 found using a CDR. The clinical features and causative drugs were evaluated. Results: Active surveillance programs detected additional serious ADEs compared to those of spontaneous reporting programs. The ADEs identified by CDR (22.9%) were more likely to be classified as "serious" than those reported spontaneously (5.2%) or identified during ward rounds (10.3%). Causative drugs also differed. Opioids, antibiotics, and contrast media were the most common drugs causing ADEs in the spontaneous reporting system, whereas the active surveillance programs identified antibiotics as the most common causative drug. Clinical features also differed. ADEs with gastrointestinal manifestations were reported most frequently by spontaneous reporting programs. ADEs reported from active surveillance more reliably identified events associated with changes in laboratory values, such as hepatobiliary toxicity, hematologic manifestations, and nephrologic manifestations, compared with spontaneous reporting programs. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that active surveillance programs can supplement spontaneous reporting systems in hospitals. ADEs related to laboratory abnormalities were monitored more closely by active surveillance programs and may be useful for identification of serious ADEs.ope

A Case of Immunoglobulin E Mediated Anaphylaxis to Levodropropizine

We experienced a case of immunoglobulin E (IgE) mediated anaphylaxis to levodropropizine. The patient was an 18-year old Korean woman. After taking the common cold medication including acetaminophen, domperidone, and levodropropizine, skin rash, angioedema and anaphylaxis were developed immediately. As she was tolerable to acetaminophen alone, we thought the culprit agent was maybe a levodropropizine tablet. To confirm the culprit, she underwent skin prick test and oral drug provocation test with the suspected one. Finally we detected levodropropizine specific IgE and confirmed the specificity by inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).ope

해녀콩(Canavalia lineata)에서 카드뮴에 의한 phytochelatin 생성에 미치는 Spermine의 저해적 영향

학위논문(석사)--서울大學校 大學院 :生物學科,1997.Maste

Spectral Sensor for Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering

분석 대상이 포함하고 있는 화학적 또는 생물학적 물질의 존재 또는 함량을 검출하기 위해, 레이저 빔 및 라만 분광 검출기와 함께 사용되기 위한 광센서로, 상기 광센서는 단결정의 귀금속 나노와이어를 포함하여 구성되며, 귀금속 박막과 귀금속 나노와이어의 접점 또는 개별 귀금속 나노와이어 사이의 접점에서 형성된 강한 국소전기장(핫 스팟, hot spot)에 의하여 표면 증강 라만 산란이 증강되는 특징이 있다.본 발명의 표면 증강 라만 분광(SERS; Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering)용 광 센서는 고품질, 고순도 및 고형상의 귀금속 단결정 나노와이어를 사용하여 인-시츄(in-situ)로 측정이 가능하고 센서의 조사된 레이저 빔과 반응하는 부분이 조절된 구조 및 형상을 가질 수 있으며 조절 가능한 핫 스팟을 가져 신뢰성 및 재현성이 뛰어난 장점이 있고, 센서의 민감도를 향상시킬 수 있으며, 단일한 귀금속 단결정 나노와이어의 기계적 구조 및 레이저 빔의 편광 방향을 최적화하여 민감도, 선택도 및 회절 강도가 높은 장점이 있다. 또한 본 발명의 표면 증강 라만 분광용 광 센서는 귀금속 나노와이어 표면에 나노-바이오 하이브리드 구조를 형성하여 바이오 물질에 대한 고감도의 라만 스펙트럼을 얻을 수 있어, 화학물질의 검출 센서는 물론, 바이오 센서 또는 질병 진단용 센서로 활용될 수 있는 장점이 있다.표면 증강 라만 산란(Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering), 라만 스펙트럼 (Raman spectrum), 귀금속 나노와이어(noble metal nanowire), 표면 플라즈몬(surface plasmon), 바이오 센서(bio sensor

OPTICAL NANO ANTENNA USING SINGLE-CRYSTALLINE AG NANOWIRE, METHOD OF MANUFACTURING THE SAME AND OPTICAL NANO ANTENNA USING SINGLE-CRYSTALLINE METAL NANOWIRE

광학 나노 안테나는 단결정 은 나노와이어(Single-Crystalline Ag Nanowire)를 이용하여 구현되며, 가시광선 영역의 모든 파장 대역의 입사광에 기초하여 복수의 로브(lobe)들이 상기 단결정 은 나노와이어를 중심으로 방사형으로 배치되는 멀티-로브(multi-lobe) 형태의 광학 안테나 방사(Optical antenna radiation) 패턴을 출력함으로써, 가시광선 영역 내의 모든 파장 범위에서 작동할 수 있고 다중 공명 및 넓은 스펙트럼 범위를 가질 수 있다

1-bromo-2-chloroethane의 234 nm에서의 광분해 동력학 연구

학위논문(석사) - 한국과학기술원 : 화학과, 2002.2, [ v, 35 p. ]The photodissociation dynamics of 1-bromo-2-chloroethane has been investigated near 234 nm. The three-dimensional speed and angular distribution of dissociation fragments were recorded using a [2+1] resonance enhanced multiphoton ionization scheme and a velocity mapping technique. The translational and internal energy distributions of fragments for the primary and secondary dissociation processes were extracted. The relative quantum yields for $Br(^2P_{3/2})$, $Br^*(^2P_{1/2})$, $Cl(^2P_{3/2})$, and $Cl^*(^2P_{1/2})$ were also measured based on their time-of-flight mass spectra.한국과학기술원 : 화학과

공명 증진 2 광자 이온화 및 표면 증강 라만 분광법을 이용한 생분자 구조 특성 분석

학위논문(박사) - 한국과학기술원 : 화학과, 2008.2, [ xi, 95 p. ]Single Ag Nanowire Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering The single-crystalline free-standing Ag nanowires (NWs) with round cross-sections were synthesized by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method. The surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) of a single Ag NW was observed with the home-made microRaman system. The intensities of Raman bands of brilliant cresyl blue (BCB) coated on the NW were maximized as the incident laser polarization was perpendicular to the nanowire axis. We found that strongly anisotropic SERS enhancement could be induced by the localized excitation of even a single NW while Yang’s and Moskovits’s groups observed previously similar anisotropic enhancement for a monolayer and raft of NWs, respectively. Fabrication of Hot-Spot Line for SERS by Single Single-Crystalline Au Nanowires Strongly polarized surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) of single single-crystalline Au nanowires on the Au smoothed films were observed by the home-made microRaman system. The Au nanowires were synthesized by the chemical vapor deposition method and were incubated in ethanolic solutions of adenine, benzenethiol, and BCB dye. In case of benzenethiol, the nanowires were rinsed repeatedly with absolute ethanol to remove physisorbed molecules. Strongly enhanced Raman spectrum of each molecule was observed only when the incident light was focused on the nanowire and its polarization was perpendicular to the nanowire axis. The finite difference time domain calculations show that electromagnetic (EM) field is strongly enhanced at the gap between the nanowire and the film when the incident light is illuminated on the nanowire with perpendicular polarization to the nanowire axis. Conformational Study of Tyramine and its Water Clusters by Laser Spectroscopy Tyramine and its monohydrated clusters have been investigated by several laser spectroscopic methods in a pulsed molecular beam. The conformational structures and their effects on hydration have be...한국과학기술원 : 화학과