16 research outputs found

    μ—¬λŸ¬ 가지 λ©”λͺ¨λ¦¬ μ†Œμžμ—μ„œμ˜ RTN νŠΉμ„± 뢄석 (SRAM, DRAM, Flash)

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    ν•™μœ„λ…Όλ¬Έ(박사)--μ„œμšΈλŒ€ν•™κ΅ λŒ€ν•™μ› :κ³΅κ³ΌλŒ€ν•™ 전기·컴퓨터곡학뢀,2019. 8. μ‹ ν˜•μ² .λ³Έ λ…Όλ¬Έμ—μ„œλŠ” μ†Œμž 작음의 μ’…λ₯˜ 쀑 ν•˜λ‚˜μΈ Random Telegraph Noise (RTN) 효과λ₯Ό μ—¬λŸ¬κ°€μ§€ λ©”λͺ¨λ¦¬ μ†Œμž (SRAM, DRAM, Flash)μ—μ„œ λΆ„μ„ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 기본적으둜, RTN은 μ†Œμžμ˜ νŠΈλž©μ— μ‹œκ°„μ— λ”°λ₯Έ μ „μžμ˜ 포획/방좜 ν˜„μƒμ— μ˜ν•΄μ„œ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚˜κ³ , μ†Œμžμ˜ μ „λ₯˜ 및 λ¬Έν„± μ „μ••μ˜ λ³€ν™”λ₯Ό μ•ΌκΈ°ν•œλ‹€. μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ ν˜„μƒμ€ λ©”λͺ¨λ¦¬ μ†Œμžμ—μ„œ μ—¬λŸ¬κ°€μ§€ μ‹ λ’°μ„± 문제의 μ›μΈμœΌλ‘œ μž‘μš©ν•˜λ©° 특히, SRAMμ—μ„œμ˜ λ…Έμ΄μ¦ˆ λ§ˆμ§„ κ°μ†Œ, DRAMμ—μ„œμ˜ VRT ν˜„μƒ 그리고 Flashμ—μ„œμ˜ λ¬Έν„± μ „μ•• λ³€λ™μ˜ μš”μΈμœΌλ‘œ μž‘μš©ν•œλ‹€. 6개의 νŠΈλžœμ§€μŠ€ν„°λ‘œ 이루어진 SRAM은 Read λ™μž‘μ—μ„œμ˜ λ²„ν„°ν”ŒλΌμ΄ κ³‘μ„ μ—μ„œ μ΅œλŒ€ μ •μ‚¬κ°ν˜•μ˜ 크기둜 λ…Έμ΄μ¦ˆ λ§ˆμ§„μ΄ μ •μ˜λœλ‹€. μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ λ…Έμ΄μ¦ˆ λ§ˆμ§„μ€ Pull UP (PU)와 Pull Down (PD)의 Subthreshold Swing 및 VT mismatch, 그리고 Pass Gate (PG)와 PD의 μ €ν•­ 차이에 μ˜ν•΄μ„œ κ²°μ •λœλ‹€. SRAM μ†Œμžμ— μ–΄λ– ν•œ μ‘°ν•©μœΌλ‘œ RTN Trap이 μžˆμ„ λ•Œ, VT mismatch 및 μ €ν•­ 차이가 제일 μ»€μ Έμ„œ λ…Έμ΄μ¦ˆ λ§ˆμ§„μ΄ μ΅œλŒ€λ‘œ κ°μ†Œν•˜λŠ”μ§€λ₯Ό λΆ„μ„ν•˜μ˜€κ³  μΆ”κ°€μ μœΌλ‘œ, μ—¬λŸ¬κ°€μ§€ Variability sourceλ“€κ³Ό ν•¨κ»˜ RTN 효과λ₯Ό λΆ„μ„ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. DRAM cell의 retention time은 κ²Œμ΄νŠΈμ™€ λ“œλ ˆμΈμ˜ μ˜€λ²„λž© μ˜μ—­μ—μ„œ λ°œμƒν•˜λŠ” Gate Induced Drain Leakage(GIDL) μ „λ₯˜μ— 영ν–₯을 λ°›λŠ”λ‹€. 이 GIDL μ „λ₯˜λŠ” RTN ν˜„μƒμ— μ˜ν•΄μ„œ μ‹œκ°„μ— 따라 값이 λ°”λ€Œλ©°, DRAM cell의 variable retention time (VRT) ν˜„μƒμ˜ 원인이 λœλ‹€. VRT ν˜„μƒμ„ μ •ν™•νžˆ μ΄ν•΄ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄μ„œ GIDL μ „λ₯˜ RTN의 원인이 λ˜λŠ” νŠΈλž©μ— λŒ€ν•œ 물리적 νŠΉμ„± 이해가 λ°˜λ“œμ‹œ 이루어져야 ν•˜κ³ , ν˜„μž¬κΉŒμ§€ λ§Žμ€ κ·Έλ£Ήμ—μ„œ 연ꡬλ₯Ό μ§„ν–‰ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ, μ—¬λŸ¬κ°€μ§€ λ…Όλ¬Έμ—μ„œ μ „κ³„μ˜ 크기λ₯Ό κ³ λ €ν•˜μ§€ λͺ»ν•˜κ³  잘λͺ»λœ μˆ˜μ‹μ„ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ 트랩 νŠΉμ„±μ„ λΆ„μ„ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. λ³Έ λ…Όλ¬Έμ—μ„œλŠ” μ „κ³„μ˜ 크기λ₯Ό κ³ λ €ν•˜μ—¬ 더 μ •ν™•ν•˜κ²Œ 트랩의 νŠΉμ„±μ„ λΆ„μ„ν•˜λŠ” 연ꡬλ₯Ό μ§„ν–‰ν•˜μ˜€κ³ , μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ μ—°κ΅¬λŠ” DRAM의 VRTν˜„μƒμ„ μ΄ν•΄ν•˜λŠ”λ° 큰 도움이 될 것이닀. 3D NANDλŠ” 채널 물질이 ν΄λ¦¬μ‹€λ¦¬μ½˜μœΌλ‘œ ν˜•μ„±λ˜μ–΄ μžˆμ–΄, μž„μ˜μ μœΌλ‘œ ν˜•μ„±λ˜λŠ” Grain Boundary Trap (GBT)에 μ˜ν•œ μ†Œμžμ˜ μ‹ λ’°μ„± λ¬Έμ œκ°€ 큰 μ΄μŠˆμ΄λ‹€. 특히 μ±„λ„μ˜ μ „λ₯˜κ°€ κ· μΌν•˜κ²Œ 흐λ₯΄μ§€ μ•Šκ³ , κ³„μ†ν•˜μ—¬ μ¦κ°€ν•˜λŠ” 단 수 및 μ€„μ–΄λ“œλŠ” μ†Œμž κ΅¬μ‘°μ—μ„œ RTN νš¨κ³Όκ°€ λ”μš± 더 μ€‘μš”ν•œ μ‹ λ’°μ„± λ¬Έμ œκ°€ 되고 μžˆλ‹€. λ³Έ λ…Όλ¬Έμ—μ„œλŠ” μ—¬λŸ¬κ°€μ§€ 상황(RTN 트랩 μœ„μΉ˜, μ˜¨λ„, μ†Œμž μΆ•μ†Œν™”, GBT 밀도 λ“±)μ—μ„œμ˜ RTN 효과λ₯Ό λΆ„μ„ν•¨μœΌλ‘œμ¨ μ•žμœΌλ‘œ 3D NAND의 VT λ³€λ™μ—μ„œμ˜ RTN 영ν–₯λ ₯을 μ˜ˆμΈ‘ν•˜λŠ”λ° 도움을 μ€€λ‹€.In this thesis, Random Telegraph Noise (RTN) effect, which is one kind of device noise, is analyzed in various memory devices (SRAM, DRAM, Flash). Basically, RTN is caused by trapping/de-trapping phenomenon of electron in the trap of the device over time, causing a change in current and threshold voltage of the device. This phenomenon causes various reliability problems in the memory device. In particular, it reduces noise margin in SRAM, causes the Variable Retention Time (VRT) phenomenon in DRAM, and changes the threshold voltage in Flash. In a six-transistor of SRAM, the noise margin is defined as the maximum square size in the butterfly curve in Read operation. This noise margin is determined by subthreshold swing and VT mismatch of Pull UP (PU) and Pull Down (PD), and resistance difference between Pass Gate (PG) and PD. In the case of RTN trap in any combination of SRAM devices, we analyzed whether the VT mismatch and the resistance difference were the largest and the noise margin was reduced to the maximum. In addition, we analyzed the RTN effect with various variability sources. The retention time of the DRAM cell is affected by the gate induced drain leakage (GIDL) current generated in the overlap region of the gate and the drain. This GIDL current changes with time due to the RTN phenomenon, which causes the VRT of the DRAM cell. In order to understand the VRT phenomenon accurately, understanding the physical characteristics of the trap that causes the GIDL RTN must be understood, and researches have been carried out in many groups. However, in various papers, it could not consider the electric field and analyzed the trap characteristics using the wrong formula. In this paper, we have studied the characteristics of the traps more accurately by considering the electric field enhancement factor. This study will be helpful for understanding the VRT phenomenon of DRAM. In the 3D NAND, since the channel material is formed of polysilicon, the reliability problem of the device due to arbitrarily formed Grain Boundary Trap (GBT) is a big issue. Especially, because the channel current does not flow uniformly, the RTN effect becomes more important reliability problem in the continuously decreasing device structure. In this thesis, we analyze the effect of RTN on various situations (RTN trap location, temperature, device miniaturization, GBT density, etc.) and help to predict RTN effect on VT fluctuation in macaroni-type 3D NAND Flash memory.CONTENTS Abstract i Chapter 1. Introduction 1.1. What is Random Telegraph Noise? 1 1.2. Impact of RTN in memory devices 3 Chapter 2. Impact of RTN in Bulk FinFET on the Stability of SRAM Cells [SRAM] 2.1. Introduction 6 2.2. Results and Discussion 7 2.3. Summary 13 Chapter 3. Extraction of Distance between Interface Trap and Oxide Trap from RTN in Gate-Induced Drain Leakage [DRAM] 3.1. Introduction 14 3.2. Results and Discussion 15 3.3. Summary 27 Chapter 4. Prediction of RTN Effect on VT Fluctuation in Macaroni-type 3D NAND Flash Memories [Flash] 4.1. Introduction 29 4.2 Simulation Structure and Methodology 32 4.3. Results and Discussion 35 4.4. Summary 47 Chapter 5. Conclusion 50 Appendix A. Improving BSIM Flicker Noise Model A.1. Introduction 52 A.2. Advanced Flicker Noise Model 53 A.3. Results and Discussion 56 A.4. Conclusion 64 Abstract in Korean 65 List of Publications 68Docto

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