连续陶瓷纤维的制备、结构、性能和应用:研究现状及发展方向

连续陶瓷纤维是纤维增强陶瓷基复合材料的增强体,对提高陶瓷基复合材料的强度和韧性起关键作用,高损伤容限和高强度陶瓷纤维是阻止裂纹扩展实现陶瓷基复合材料强韧化的保障。本文对碳化硅、氮化硅、氮化硼、氧化铝和氧化锆等几种陶瓷纤维的制备方法、结构、性能和应用等方面进行了全面的综述,指出了今后的发展方向,期望为未来陶瓷纤维的研究、开发及应用提供参考。国家高技术研究发展计划(863)(2003AA305630);;国家自然科学基金(51472144);;山东省科技重大专项(2015ZDZX11003);;山东省青年学者未来计划(2016WLJH27

连续陶瓷纤维的制备、结构、性能和应用:研究现状及发展方向

连续陶瓷纤维是纤维增强陶瓷基复合材料的增强体,对提高陶瓷基复合材料的强度和韧性起关键作用,高损伤容限和高强度陶瓷纤维是阻止裂纹扩展实现陶瓷基复合材料强韧化的保障。本文对碳化硅、氮化硅、氮化硼、氧化铝和氧化锆等几种陶瓷纤维的制备方法、结构、性能和应用等方面进行了全面的综述,指出了今后的发展方向,期望为未来陶瓷纤维的研究、开发及应用提供参考。</p

桃红岭国家级自然保护区梅花鹿种群现状

梅花鹿南方亚种被IUCN濒危物种红皮书列为濒危级,仅分布于安徽南部、江西东北部和浙江西北部,分布区域日益萎缩,分布区之间隔离程度较大。江西桃红岭是该亚种分布区之一,为保护该亚种,1981年成立桃红岭自然保护区,2001年升级为国家级自然保护区。为了解桃红岭野生梅花鹿现生种群数量,评估保护区过去30 a的保护成效,我们于2011年秋季采用直接计数的广义样线法开展梅花鹿种群调查。调查结果表明,保护区内梅花鹿数量为365只,密度为2.92只/km2,近年来梅花鹿种群增长较慢。经过30 a的保护,该保护区自然植被正在演替恢复。然而,当地的顶级植物群落可能并不是梅花鹿的适宜生境。因此,近年来,梅花鹿向保护区外扩散趋势明显,由此带来的各种管理问题值得关注

Amplitude analysis of the decays D0 → π+π−π+π− and D0 → π+π−π0π0*

Using e+e− annihilation data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 2.93 fb−1 taken at the center-of-mass energy √s = 3.773 GeV with the BESIII detector, a joint amplitude analysis is performed on the decays D0 → π+π−π+π− and D0 → π+π−π0π0 (non-η). The fit fractions of individual components are obtained, and large interferences among the dominant components of the decays D0 → a1(1260)π, D0 → π(1300)π, D0 → ρ(770)ρ(770), and D0 → 2(ππ)S are observed in both channels. With the obtained amplitude model, the CP-even fractions of D0 → π+π−π+π− and D0 → π+π−π0π0 (non-η) are determined to be (75.2 ± 1.1stat. ± 1.5syst.) % and (68.9 ± 1.5stat. ± 2.4syst.)%, respectively. The branching fractions of D0 → π+π−π+π− and D0 → π+π−π0π0 (non-η) are measured to be (0.688 ± 0.010stat. ± 0.010syst.)% and (0.951 ± 0.025stat. ± 0.021syst.)%, respectively. The amplitude analysis provides an important model for the binning strategy in measuring the strong phase parameters of D0 → 4π when used to determine the CKM angle γ(φ3) via the B− → DK− decay

Aripiprazole versus other atypical antipsychotics for schizophrenia

BACKGROUND: In most western industrialised countries, second generation (atypical) antipsychotics are recommended as first line drug treatments for people with schizophrenia. In this review we specifically examine how the efficacy and tolerability of one such agent - aripiprazole - differs from that of other comparable second generation antipsychotics. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effects of aripiprazole compared with other atypical antipsychotics for people with schizophrenia and schizophrenia-like psychoses. SEARCH METHODS: We searched the Cochrane Schizophrenia Group Trials Register (November 2011), inspected references of all identified studies for further trials, and contacted relevant pharmaceutical companies, drug approval agencies and authors of trials for additional information. SELECTION CRITERIA: We included all randomised clinical trials (RCTs) comparing aripiprazole (oral) with oral and parenteral forms of amisulpride, clozapine, olanzapine, quetiapine, risperidone, sertindole, ziprasidone or zotepine for people with schizophrenia or schizophrenia-like psychoses. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: We extracted data independently. For dichotomous data we calculated risk ratios (RR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) on an intention-to-treat basis based on a random-effects model. Where possible, we calculated illustrative comparative risks for primary outcomes. For continuous data, we calculated mean differences (MD), again based on a random-effects model. We assessed risk of bias for each included study. MAIN RESULTS: We included 12 trials involving 6389 patients. Aripiprazole was compared to olanzapine, risperidone and ziprasidone. All trials were sponsored by an interested drug manufacturer. The overall number of participants leaving studies early was 30% to 40%, limiting validity (no differences between groups).When compared with olanzapine no differences were apparent for global state (no clinically important change: n = 703, 1 RCT, RR short-term 1.00 95% CI 0.81 to 1.22; n = 317, 1 RCT, RR medium-term 1.08 95% CI 0.95 to 1.22) but mental state tended to favour olanzapine (n = 1360, 3 RCTs, MD total Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) 4.68 95% CI 2.21 to 7.16). There was no significant difference in extrapyramidal symptoms (n = 529, 2 RCTs, RR 0.99 95% CI 0.62 to 1.59) but fewer in the aripiprazole group had increased cholesterol levels (n = 223, 1 RCT, RR 0.32 95% CI 0.19 to 0.54) or weight gain of 7% or more of total body weight (n = 1095, 3 RCTs, RR 0.39 95% CI 0.28 to 0.54).When compared with risperidone, aripiprazole showed no advantage in terms of global state (n = 384, 2 RCTs, RR no important improvement 1.14 95% CI 0.81 to 1.60) or mental state (n = 372, 2 RCTs, MD total PANSS 1.50 95% CI -2.96 to 5.96).One study compared aripiprazole with ziprasidone (n = 247) and both the groups reported similar change in the global state (n = 247, 1 RCT, MD average change in Clinical Global Impression-Severity (CGI-S) score -0.03 95% CI -0.28 to 0.22) and mental state (n = 247, 1 RCT, MD change PANSS -3.00 95% CI -7.29 to 1.29).When compared with any one of several new generation antipsychotic drugs the aripiprazole group showed improvement in global state in energy (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.69 95% CI 0.56 to 0.84), mood (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.77 95% CI 0.65 to 0.92), negative symptoms (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.82 95% CI 0.68 to 0.99), somnolence (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.80 95% CI 0.69 to 0.93) and weight gain (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.84 95% CI 0.76 to 0.94). Significantly more people given aripiprazole reported symptoms of nausea (n = 2881, 3 RCTs, RR 3.13 95% CI 2.12 to 4.61) but weight gain (7% or more of total body weight) was less common in people allocated aripiprazole (n = 330, 1 RCT, RR 0.35 95% CI 0.19 to 0.64). Aripiprazole may have value in aggression but data are limited. This will be the focus of another review. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: Information on all comparisons are of limited quality, are incomplete and problematic to apply clinically. Aripiprazole is an antipsychotic drug with a variant but not absent adverse effect profile. Long-term data are sparse and there is considerable scope for another update of this review as new data emerges from the many Chinese studies as well as from ongoing larger, independent pragmatic trials