雌激素的非基因组途径在哺乳动物雌性生殖过程中的作用机制

雌激素的非基因组调节模式在雌性生殖系统中广泛存在．雌激素通过基因组、非基因组及两种调节模式的整合在不同 组织中行使多种生理功能．卵巢中雌激素能通过非基因组效应对卵细胞起到保护作用．子宫中雌激素对多种基因的表达都是 通过非基因组模式．对雌激素非基因组效应的研究将有利于进一步了解雌激素的作用机制．国家自然科学基金重点资助项目(30930013

两种雌激素受体亚型在雌性生殖系统中的不同调控作用

雌激素主要通过雌激素受体α和雌激素受体β在哺乳动物雌性生殖过程中起重要作用。这2种雌激素受体序列不同,在作用方面彼此拮抗。它们对于胚胎着床、蜕膜化和卵泡发育至关重要。这2种受体敲除的小鼠有不同程度的卵巢功能缺陷。雌激素受体与子宫内膜异位症、子宫内膜癌和卵巢癌等妇科疾病的发生也密切相关

孕酮调节途径在着床过程中的作用

孕酮对于哺乳动物排卵、受精、着床、蜕膜化及妊娠维持均起到重要作用。孕酮主要通过孕酮受体(PR)起作用,PR基因敲除的小鼠表现为多种生殖障碍。此外,PR作用的发挥还需要类固醇受体辅助激活因子(SRC)和FK506结合蛋白4(Fkbp52)等辅助因子的参与。目前采用高通量基因芯片技术,筛选出许多直接或间接受孕酮调节的基因,其中同源盒基因、免疫反应基因-1、Indian hedgehog、12/15脂肪氧合酶、钙离子结合蛋白等在胚泡着床过程中起重要作用。本文就孕酮调节途径在胚泡着床研究方面的进展作一简要综述

Expression and significance of Fabp4 in FGR PIH GDM women′s placenta

目的探讨脂肪酸结合蛋白(fAbP4)基因及其蛋白在胎儿生长受限(fgr)、妊娠期糖尿病(gdM)、妊娠期高血压疾病(PIH)这3种病理性妊娠患者胎盘组织中的表达及意义。方法采用免疫组织化学的方法检测fAbP4蛋白在3种病理性妊娠患者胎盘组织中的表达差异,采用荧光实施定量PCr的方法对fAbP4的MrnA在3种病理性妊娠患者胎盘组织中的表达进行相关性分析。结果免疫细胞化学检测发现在这3种病理性妊娠患者的胎盘中,fAbP4的蛋白表达明显高于正常组的胎盘。而通过实时定量检测发现fAbP4的MrnA表达水平在3种病理性妊娠患者胎盘中也高于正常组,其中胎儿生长受限组的MrnA表达水平明显高于正常组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 fAbP4蛋白和MrnA在fgr、gdM、PIH这3种病理性妊娠患者胎盘中的表达均升高,提示fAbP4可能与这3种病理性妊娠有重要关系。Objective To elucidate the expression and significance of Fabp4 in the placenta of Fetal growth restriction(FGR),Gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM) and Hypertensive disorders in pregnancy(PIH).Methods The difference of protein of Fabp4 detected by immunohistochemically and analysis the differently expression of Fabp4 mRNA using the method of real-time PCR in the placenta of FGR,PIH and GDM.Results The expression of protein and Fabp4 mRNA in the placenta of FGR,PIH and GDM were higher than that in normal,especially the disparity in the placenta of FGR was obvious,having the statistical significance.Conclusion The higher expression of protein and mRNA of Fabp4 in the placenta of FGR,PIH and GDM suggest that Fabp4 has a relationship with FGR,GDM and PIH.南京军区医药卫生重点科研项目(2007Z018);厦门市社会发展科技项目(3502Z20074030

The uterine expression of SEC63 gene is up-regulated at implantation sites in association with the decidualization during the early pregnancy in mice

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Sec63 is a key component of the protein translocation machinery in the mammalian endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and involved in the post-translation processing of secretory proteins. The aim of this study was to determine the expression pattern of SEC63 gene in mouse uterus during the early pregnancy.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Real-time quantitative PCR and Western blot analyses were used to evaluate the alteration in levels of uterine <it>SEC63 </it>gene expression during the peri-implantation period in mice. Further, both in situ hybridization and immunohistochemical analyses were performed to examine the spatial localization of SEC63 gene expression in mouse uterine tissues. The presence of Sec63 protein in human uterine tissue was also detected by immunohistochemical analysis. Statistical analysis was carried out using Tukey test.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Uterine SEC63 gene expression was up-regulated and predominantly localized in mouse decidual cells during days 5–8 of pregnancy. More interestingly, Sec63 protein was also detected in human decidua of 10-week pregnancy, whereas was not observed in human endometrial tissues both at proliferative and secretory phases of menstrual cycle.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The pattern of SEC63 gene expression is consistent with a possible role for SEC63 in decidualization.</p

Differential expression and regulation of integral membrane protein 2b in rat male reproductive tissues

Aim: To examine the expression and regulation of integral membrane protein 2b (Itm2b) in rat male reproductive tissues during sexual maturation and under different treatments by in situ hybridization. Methods: Testis, epididymis, and vas deferens were collected on days 1-70 to examine Itm2b expression during sexual maturation. To further examine the regulation of Itm2b, adult rats underwent surgical castration and cryptorchidism. Ethylene dimethane sulfonate and busulfan treatments were carried out to test the regulation of Itm2b after destruction of Leydig cells and germ cells. Results: In testis, Itm2b expression was moderately detected in the adluminal area of seminiferous cords on days 1-10, and detected at a low level in the spermatogonia on days 20 and 30. The Itm2b level was markedly increased in Leydig cells from day 20 to day 70. In epididymis and vas deferens, Itm2b was detected from neonate to adults, and the signal gradually increased in accordance with sexual maturation. Itm2b expression was significantly downregulated in epididymis and vas deferens of castrated rats, and strongly stimulated when castrated rats were treated with testosterone. Cryptorchidism led to a significant decline of Itm2b expression in testis and caput epididymis. Itm2b expression in epididyniis and vas deferens was significantly decreased after the Leydig cells were destroyed by ethylene dimethane sulfonate. Busulfan treatment produced no obvious change in Itm2b expression in epididymis or vas deferens. Conclusion: Our data suggested that Itm2b expression is upregulated by testosterone and might play a role in rat male reproduction

中国物理海洋学研究70年：发展历程、学术成就概览

本文概略评述新中国成立70年来物理海洋学各分支研究领域的发展历程和若干学术成就。中国物理海洋学研究起步于海浪、潮汐、近海环流与水团,以及以风暴潮为主的海洋气象灾害的研究。随着国力的增强,研究领域不断拓展,涌现了大量具有广泛影响力的研究成果,其中包括:提出了被国际广泛采用的"普遍风浪谱"和"涌浪谱",发展了第三代海浪数值模式;提出了"准调和分析方法"和"潮汐潮流永久预报"等潮汐潮流的分析和预报方法;发现并命名了"棉兰老潜流",揭示了东海黑潮的多核结构及其多尺度变异机理等,系统描述了太平洋西边界流系;提出了印度尼西亚贯穿流的南海分支(或称南海贯穿流);不断完善了中国近海陆架环流系统,在南海环流、黑潮及其分支、台湾暖流、闽浙沿岸流、黄海冷水团环流、黄海暖流、渤海环流,以及陆架波方面均取得了深刻的认识;从大气桥和海洋桥两个方面对太平洋–印度洋–大西洋洋际相互作用进行了系统的总结;发展了浅海水团的研究方法,基本摸清了中国近海水团的分布和消长特征与机制,在大洋和极地水团分布及运动研究方面也做出了重要贡献;阐明了南海中尺度涡的宏观特征和生成机制,揭示了中尺度涡的三维结构,定量评估了其全球物质与能量输运能力;基本摸清了中国近海海洋锋的空间分布和季节变化特征,提出了地形、正压不稳定和斜压不稳定等锋面动力学机制;构建了"南海内波潜标观测网",实现了对内波生成–演变–消亡全过程机理的系统认识;发展了湍流的剪切不稳定理论,提出了海流"边缘不稳定"的概念,开发了海洋湍流模式,提出了湍流混合参数化的新方法等;在海洋内部混合机制和能量来源方面取得了新的认识,并阐述了混合对海洋深层环流、营养物质输运等过程的影响;研发了全球浪–潮–流耦合模式,推出一系列海洋与气候模式;发展了可同化主要海洋观测数据的海洋数据同化系统和用于ENSO预报的耦合同化系统;建立了达到国际水准的非地转(水槽/水池)和地转(旋转平台)物理模型实验平台;发展了ENSO预报的误差分析方法,建立了海洋和气候系统年代际变化的理论体系,揭示了中深层海洋对全球气候变化的响应;初步建成了中国近海海洋观测网;持续开展南北极调查研究;建立了台风、风暴潮、巨浪和海啸的业务化预报系统,为中国气象减灾提供保障;突破了国外的海洋技术封锁,研发了万米水深的深水水听器和海洋光学特性系列测量仪器;建立了溢油、危险化学品漂移扩散等预测模型,为伴随海洋资源开发所带来的风险事故的应急处理和预警预报提供科学支撑。文中引用的大量学术成果文献(每位第一作者优选不超过3篇)显示,经过70年的发展,中国物理海洋学研究培养了一支实力雄厚的科研队伍,这是最宝贵的成果。这支队伍必将成为中国物理海洋学研究攀登新高峰的主力军