178 research outputs found

    科学与帝国相遇——英国博物学家坎宁安在华的科学实作

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    欧洲近代博物学的兴起和发展,与资本主义国家早期政治经济扩张形成二元\"共生\"的反馈机制。坎宁安作为大英帝国商贸船队的职业医师兼博物学家,依靠严谨的学术工作和伦敦科学共同体成员的放大性效应,最终成为欧洲范围内广泛采集中国地区特殊植物群的首位博物学家。坎宁安在厦门、舟山地区的植物采集活动和科学信息收集工作,得到英国学术界、商贸公司和政府的认可。大英帝国殖民活动与坎宁安的科学实作相互裨益彼此促进,科学在把知识转化为权力的同时,权力也把利益和愿望转变为科学。国家社会科学基金青年项目“清代旅华博物学家纪行的编译及研究”(18CZX018

    共同体、正义与自然——“人与自然是生命共同体”与“人类命运共同体”生态向度的哲学阐释

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    \"坚持人与自然和谐共生\"是习近平总书记提出的新时代中国特色社会主义的基本方略之一。其中\"人与自然是生命共同体\"是马克思主义自然观的理论逻辑与人类文明发展的历史逻辑的统一,是西方工业文明所持机械自然观的替代性选择,凸显了人与自然之间的\"正义\"。而\"人类命运共同体\"立足于马克思历史唯物主义理论,从\"人与人\"的实践活动出发,为解决\"人与自然\"的关系提供了根本路径,彰显了人类社会的正义诉求。\"人与自然是生命共同体\"与\"人类命运共同体\"在继承和发展马克思世界历史理论的基础上,从理论和实践两个层面超越了西方自由主义和社群主义的\"共同体\"观念。中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目“社会批判理论新进展”(20720181096);;教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目“班克斯帝国博物学的空间逻辑与实践特性”(17YJC20014

    Study on the bio-production of dimethyl sulfur compounds of typical HABs algae

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    二甲基硫(DMS)是海洋中主要的挥发性硫化物,对全球气候变化及硫循环有重要影响。二甲基巯基丙酸(DMSP)是DMS的重要前体,在DMSP裂解酶的作用下分解为DMS和丙烯酸。二甲亚砜(DMSO)是DMS的光化学氧化或细菌氧化的产物,也可以直接由藻细胞在体内合成。本论文通过实验室藻类培养和现场围隔实验相结合的途径,研究藻类二甲基硫化物的生物生产以及二甲基硫化物在藻类不同生长时期里的产生和消耗速率,以期深入了解二甲基硫化物与藻体之间的关系。研究的主要内容和结果如下:1)DMSP、DMS和DMSO分析方法的建立以目前国际上最流行的海水中二甲基硫化物的测定方法,即吹扫-冷阱捕集-气相色谱法为基础,加以改...Dimethylsufide (DMS) is the most abundant volatile biogenic sulfur compound in the surface ocean, which plays an important role in the global sulfur cycle and global climate change. Dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) is the major precursor of DMS, and DMSP can be degraded to DMS and acrylic acid with DMSP cleavage lyase. Dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) in seawater is usually considered as the product of p...学位:工学硕士院系专业:海洋与环境学院环境科学与工程系_环境科学学号:20033401

    A Sino-British Exchange in Science in the Qianlong Period of the Qing Dynasty:Natural History Exploration of the British Mission in China from 1792 to 1794 and Its Planner

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    1792-1794年,马嘎尔尼率英国大使团访问中国,这是世界近代以来两大帝国之间发生的首次大规模外交活动。皇家学会主席班克斯希望借此增进对中国博物学的认识,实现对中国动、植物资源的科学与经济价值使用,以增强大英帝国实力,于是便主动帮助使团制定在中国的博物学活动规划。抵达中国后,以斯当东为首的博物学团体记载下大量博物情报,采集了许多植物标本,并多次与班克斯通讯,报告在中国的博物学见闻。英国使团的博物学活动体现出该时期中英科学文化交流与“西学东渐“十分不同的特点。From 1792 to 1794, Macartney led the British mission to visit China.It was the first large-scale diplomatic activity between the two countries in modern times.Joseph Banks, President of the Royal Society, hoped to take this opportunity to enhance the understanding of Chinese natural history and to take advantage of the scientific and economic values of Chinese animals and plants to consolidate the Great Britain, so he took the initiative to help the mission to plan the activities of natural history in China.After arriving in China, the group of naturalists recorded lots of information of natural history and collected many plant specimens.They communicated many times with Banks, reporting what they had seen and heard about Chinese natural history.The natural history activities of the British mission reflected the characteristics of the scientific and cultural communication between China and Britain at that period, which were quite different from those at the period when Western learning was introduced into China.国家社会科学基金重大项目“西方博物学文化与公众生态意识关系研究”(批准号:13&ZD067

    从“我”到“我们”:霍耐特社会自由观的历史叙事

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    霍耐特新著《自由的权利》沿袭承认理论,以黑格尔《法哲学原理》为蓝本,试图进一步向黑格尔主义复归,以此来克服现代政治哲学脱离社会分析而只关注纯粹规范原则的缺陷。霍耐特通过理论溯源和历史梳理,依次论述了消极自由和反思自由的来源、本质和界限,指出两种基于“我”的个体主义的自由观只具有规范性意义上的可能性,而非经验性意义上的现实性无法以此为基础构建社会正义秩序;只有黑格尔的基于相互承认关系并因此强调“我们”的社会自由观才真正具有现实性。霍耐特正是以此为起点在“个人关系”“市场经济”和“民主决策”三个机制性领域上进行规范性的重构。但从全书论证来看,霍耐特未能充分地给现存社会机制提供一种合理性论证和规范一致性论证。本文系国家社会科学基金项目“全球视野下中国话语体系建构与中国话语权提升研究”(编号16BKS093)和国家社会科学基金重大项目“当前主要社会思潮的最新发展动态及其批判研究”(编号16ZDA101)的阶段性成果

    浅析国有商业银行公司治理结构的有效性

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    从新制度经济学的角度来分析,在目前我国国有商业银行的产权制度下,银行难以摆脱"内部人控制"、"道德风险"等问题,公司治理的有效性不足。应通过培育经理人市场、在法律上完善监事会的监督职能、建立有效的激励机制、塑造良好的企业文化等措施来完善公司治理

    Distribution of dimethylsulfide of Xiamen sea surface water in spring

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    采用固相微萃取(SPME) 气相色谱法(GC)测定了厦门海域20个站位表层海水中DMS二甲基硫的含量,并对其分布进行分析。结果表明,厦门海域DMS含量在0 65~40 69nmol·L-1,平均浓度为12 83nmol·L-1。其中,西海域的含量最高,东海域次之,同安湾最低。与其它海域海水中DMS浓度比较,厦门海域DMS含量较高,浓度变化范围大,与叶绿素a浓度及表层水温、盐度之间无明显的相关关系。Dimethylsulfide (DMS) in surface seawater samples collected at 20 stations in the Xiamen sea area were analyzed with SPME-GC method. The results showed that the DMS concentrations varied from 0.65 to 40.69 nmol·L~(-1) with an average of 12.83 nmol·L~(-1). The concentration was the highest in Xiamen Western sea area, while was lower in Eastern sea area and the lowest in Tong'an Bay. Comparation with other sea areas, DMS concentration in Xiamen sea was higher, with the large variation. There were no clear relationships DMS with chlorophyll a, temperature and salty in Xiamen sea.国家自然科学基金(20077022);; 教育部重点课题(教技司2000第156号

    Variations of the concentration of dimethyl sulfur compounds during three algal blooms in a mesocosm experiment

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    于2005年6月至7月,研究了海洋围隔不同藻类水华演替过程中二甲基硫化物的含量动态,并考察了相关环境参数对二甲基硫化物含量的影响。2个围隔实验组均出现未知藻水华-硅藻水华-甲藻水华的演替过程,这3次不同藻类水华分别对应了二甲基硫化物含量的3次高峰,表明藻类水华对二甲基硫化物含量有重要贡献。不同藻类水华的贡献有较大差异,甲藻水华的贡献最大,硅藻次之,未知藻类水华的贡献最小。实验结果还表明PO34-、NO2-和NH4+主要通过影响藻类生长状态,进而影响DMSP和DMSO的含量;NO2-和NH4+亦可能通过调节DMSP和DMSO在藻细胞内的生理功能,影响DMSP和DMSO的含量;PO43-、NO2-和NH4+与DMS含量无显著相关。Variations of the concentration of dimethyl sulfur compounds(DMSCs)and the effects of environmental factors on the concentrations of DMSCs were investigated in a seawater mesocosm experiment from June to July 2005.Three large algal blooms,an unknown algal bloom,a diatom bloom,and a dinoflagellate bloom,respectively,were developed in the experimental enclosures.Three peak concentrations of DMSCs,corresponding to three algal blooms,indicated that algal blooms played an important role in the production of DMSCs.This study also showed that dinoflagellate bloom contributed the most to DMSCs,unknown algal bloom the least,and diatom bloom was intermediate.PO3-4,NO-2 and NH+4affected the productions of dimethylsulphoniopropionate(DMSP)and dimethylsulfoxide(DMSO)through the influence on the growth of algae,and NO-2 and NH+4might even affect the productions of DMSP and DMSO through the control of their physiological roles in the algal cell.However,no significant effects of PO3-4,NO-2 and NH+4on the production of dimethylsulfide(DMS)were evident.国家自然科学基金资助项目(200077022)~
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