美国，德国，日本货币政策比较与借鉴

许多发达市场经济国家在多年的货币政策实践中取得了值得我们借鉴的经验。 正在建立社会主义市场经济体制的我国，借鉴这些国家货币政策的成功经验，改革 我国的宏观货币调控体系显得尤为重要。因而本论文对美，日，德三国的货币政策 进行了比较研究，并对我国转轨时期公馆货币调控体系改革提出了建议。考虑 到货币政策是由央行指定并通过金融市场传递给企业和个人，进而影响企业和 个人的经济行为的，只有在了解各国央行制度，金融市场特点的基础上才能了解 各国货币政策产生差异的真正原因。所以论文在第一，第二部分还分别比较了三 国的央行制度及金融市场。 三国央行制度的差异性体现在央行的组织形式，权利结构，资本...学位：经济学硕士院系专业：经济学院经济系_世界经济学号：1992050

Evaluation of Coastal Ecosystem Services and Its Application in the Coastal Zone Management

海岸带地区人们的生存和发展依赖于海岸带生态系统所提供的各种产品和服务。但是，随着人类对生态系统产品和服务需求的日益增加，人类活动却在导致海岸带生态系统提供产品和服务的能力持续降低。研究海岸带生态系统服务及其价值评估方法，并将价值评估的信息纳入到海岸带管理决策之中，对海岸带地区的可持续发展具有重要的理论价值和现实意义。本论文综合应用环境科学、环境经济学、资源经济学以及生态学等学科的知识和技术方法，理论研究与实证分析相结合，系统探讨了海岸带生态系统服务价值评估及其在海岸带管理中的应用，取得了如下研究成果：1)通过对海岸带生态系统退化原因的经济学分析以及海岸带管理模式变迁的研究，本论文提出了海岸带管...Human well-being and progress of coastal zones has always depended on the services provided by the coastal ecosystems. But while demands for ecosystem services such as food and clean water are growing, human actions are at the same time diminishing the capability of many ecosystems to meet these demands. Human activities have led to the significant changes of ecosystems’ scopes, distributions and ...学位：工学博士院系专业：海洋与环境学院环境科学研究中心_环境科学学号：B20023400

Measuring and Mapping the Impact of Land Use and Land Cover Change on the Hydropower Production——A Case Study of Jiulong River in Fujian Province

水电是全球利用最广泛的可更新能源,其生产能力对土地利用/覆被的变化非常敏感。研究土地利用/覆被变化与流域水电生产的数量、价值及其空间分布的关系是流域水资源规划和管理的基础。本论文应用InVEST模型评估九龙江流域土地利用/覆被变化对水电生产数量及其价值的影响。结果表明：2000~2010年间,九龙江流域内,土地利用/覆被主要由蒸散量较大的耕地和林地转化为蒸散量较小的建设用地,产水量增加了0.66%。但由于耕地和建设用地的耗水量较其他土地利用/覆被类型大,水电生产的供水量却降低了8.46%,导致流域年均水电生产量减少1.22亿kwh,年均利润减少0.40亿元,减少幅度分别达到5.56%和6.69%。流域内水电生产数量减少主要是由土地利用/覆被变化大的城市子流域发电量减少引起的。模型验证结果显示,模型结果与实际产水量、发电量的误差分别在6%和5%以内,模型具有很高的可靠性。研究同时显示,九龙江流域产水量由上游向下游递减,上游子流域单位面积和万吨供水量水电生产的潜力最高,对流域水电生产的贡献最大,因此上游子流域的保护对流域水供给服务和水电服务能力的保障非常关键。As the most widely used form of renewable energy in the world, the hydropower production is very sensitive to the land use and cover change（LUCC）. Measuring and mapping changes in the quantity and value of hydropower production are the basis of water resource management and watershed spatial planning. This paper evaluated the impacts of LUCC on the hydropower production in Jiulong River watershed（JRW） employing the reservoir hydropower production and valuation model of In VEST. The results show that the water yield increased by 0.66% from 2000 to 2010 in JRW since LUCC is mainly converted from arable land and forest with higher evapotranspiration to construction land with lower evapotranspiration. However, the annual water supply for power generation decreased by 8.46%, due to the water consumption in arable land and construction land are higher than other land cover type, which resulted in 1.22 × 10^8 kwh decrease of the annual hydropower production and 4.0 × 10^7 yuan decrease of net present value separately. The reduction of hydropower production and its value are mainly located in urban subwatersheds whose land use cover change significantly by transforming the forest and arable land to the construction land. The model error is in the range of 6% and 5% of the actual water production and power generation respectively, and the model has high reliability. The results also show that the volume of water yield decreased from upstream to downstream, and the hydropower production capacity of subwatersheds in upstream is much higher than that of the downstream. The subwatersheds in the upstream with higher water yield are critical to the water supply services in the JRW, which should be conserved when developing the spatial planning and other social-economic planning in the watershed.国家自然科学基金项目（41471464

Evaluating Ecological Restoration Success in China: A Reviewof the Literature

目前已有很多的生境、自然资源以及水质修复措施被开发出来,而生态修复后的监测、成效评估等研究内容相对较少。在分析国内外生态修复概念的研究进展基础上,从生态修复目标、评价指标体系、评估方法以及数据获取方法等4个方面对生态修复后的效果评估的当前研究进行了分析,探讨了国内现有研究中存在的问题,指出应加强生态修复成效评估的理论和方法研究,并对今后中国生态修复成效评估研究进行了展望。Much morerestoration measures ofhabitat,natural resources and water quality were developed,but relatively fewer concepts about monitoring and evaluation of ecological restorationwere paid attention to.This paper firstly reviews the international study of the concept of ecological restoration.Then the domestic studies up to date are summed up in four aspects,asecological restoration objectives,evaluation indicators system,evaluation methods,as well as the methods of data acquisition.Some basic problems in current studies are pointed out.Besides,the domestic must pay much more attention to the theory and method of ecological restoration successand this must be greatly strengthened in the future study.Some other issues for the further direction are also put forward

气候变化对中国海洋经济可持续发展的影响

为评估气候变化及实施减排政策对中国海洋经济的影响,本文构建了中国海洋经济社会经济核算矩阵(marine social accounting matrix,MSAM),并以此为数据基础构建中国海洋经济可计算一般均衡(computable general equilibrium,CGE)模型,并将该模型与气候变化影响模型相结合,从而实现了从气候变化对自然系统的影响到对经济系统影响的转化。论文设计了实施和不实施温室气体减排两种政策时的可能的6种气候变化情景。各情景的模拟分析表明:海平面上升同时考虑天文潮最高潮位、同时考虑最大台风暴潮和最大天文潮耦合影响两种子情景下,中国实施减排政策对沿海GDP的影响要分别比不实施减排政策低0.19%和0.12%;海平面上升叠加天文潮、风暴潮3种子情景下,实施减排政策对海洋经济的影响要分别比不实施减排政策低1.67%、0.72%、0.37%

Study on the Education of Environmental Economics in Environmental Science Program

随着经济学在环境与资源管理政策中制定的影响不断提高,环境科学专业中环境经济学的教育得到越来越大的重视。而环境科学专业课程多、时间紧的特点限制了该专业的学生对环境经济学教学所需要的知识的准备,也决定了环境经济学的教学所占学时较少。在这种特殊的背景下如何有效地开展环境经济学的教育和教学是一个必须研究的问题。本论文对环境科学专业本科生环境经济学课程设置、教学目标、内容和方法等进行了探讨,旨在为提高本课程的教学效果提供借鉴。With the increase of impact on environmental policy, Environmental and Resource Economics has become an indispensable part of the education of anyone dealing with environmental and resource problem.Because of the multidiscipline characteristic of Environmental and Resource Economics and knowledge background of undergraduate students in environmental science field, It is a very important and difficult issue to promote the education efficiency and effectiveness for the educator of this course.This paper studied the design of course, objective, content, and education method of Environmental and Resource Economics for the undergraduate students in environmental science/management field

The impact of sea-level rise superimposed storm surges on China's ocean economy in 2050

本研究基于ArcGIS的淹没模型与夜光遥感的GDP空间化处理结果,同时结合对2050年中国海洋经济增长预测,评估海平面上升叠加风暴潮三种情景对中; 国沿海各省市海洋经济的影响效应。模拟结果表明:海平面上升叠加风暴潮与天文潮的CHmax-0.3; m情景下全国海洋经济损失最大,2050年损失达到35444.59亿元,占海洋生产总值的9.39%;从2050年各省海洋经济损失比例来看(CHma; x-0.3 m情景),辽宁省损失比例最大,其次为广东省,福建省和广西省;从各省海洋经济损失的绝对值来看,在海平面上升0.3; m的三种情景下,广东、辽宁、江苏、山东均为海洋经济损失绝对值最大的四个省份。To assess the impact of storm surges combined with sea level rise on; China's marine economy, this study utilizes the ArcGIS flood model, the; results of the spatial visualized GDP mapped through luminous space; remote sensing, and the forecast of the growth of China's marine economy; by 2050. We assessed three scenarios of the impact of sea level rise; combined with the effect of storm surge on the marine economies of; China's coastal provinces. The simulation results show:the scenario that; sea level rise combined with storm surges and the CHmax-0.3 m; astronomical tide causes the biggest loss in 2050,which is 3.544459; trillion yuan, accounting for 9.39% of the total output of the marine; economy of China; under the CHmax-0.3 m scenario, in 2050,Liaoning; Province has the largest proportion of losses, followed by; Guangdong,Guangxi and Fujian; under the three scenarios of 0.3 m sea; level rise,Guangdong,Liaoning, Jiangsu,Shandong are the four biggest; provinces in terms of marine economic output losses

Economic Measures and Related Problems in Maritime Management

开展海域管理的经济手段及其存在的问题是我国海域有偿使用制度的主要工作。文章分析了海域有偿使用的各项制度,针对现存的海域使用金、海洋工程排污收费、海洋倾废收费、海洋生态补偿及海域转让金等经济手段,根据现阶段各科经济手段存在的问题,从收费标准、评估方法、市场化配置、执行情况等方面进行分析,进一步理清各科手段的性质,为完善我国海域管理经济手段提供支持。Economic measures and relative issues are the main work of the paid use system in maritime management.This paper studied various paid use systems of sea area.Aiming at the problems of economic measure at present stage,such as the charge for sea area utilization,the pollution charge of oceanographic engineering,the charge of ocean dumping,ocean ecological compensation and transfer payment of maritime space use,the paper made analysis from different point of view including charge standard,method evaluation and marketing allocation,which further figured out the role of every economic measure and provided support to improve and perfect maritime management.海洋工程和海上溢油生态补偿/赔偿关键技术研究示范(#201105006

Study on the Scientific and Legal Basis of Ecological Damage Compensation

生态补偿是协调经济发展与环境保护的有效经济手段,在中国得到了广泛重视。由于受到学科范畴的限制,学术界和管理界对生态补偿的内涵、经济性质和法律性质还存在许多争论,关于生态损害的科学含义及与之对应的补偿与赔偿的法理基础尚有待完善。本文旨在梳理生态补偿的相关术语,探讨生态损害及损害补偿与赔偿的科学含义、法理差异及法律制度,从而为我国进一步开展生态补偿的理论研究和实践提供参考。论文首先从环境管理、环境经济学以及法学三层面对生态补偿的内涵进行分析,并在探究生态补偿实践的演变历程的基础上,提出生态补偿至少包含生态保护补偿、生态损害补偿与生态损害赔偿三个方面的内容;其次,文章对生态损害的科学和法律含义进行了辨析,提出:1)生态损害补偿中的生态损害是指人类活动对自由的自然资源的损害,即初级生态损害;2)从法学角度来看,生态损害可分为过错行为导致的生态损害、非过错行为导致的生态损害以及历史累积污染导致的生态损害;3)补偿与赔偿在法理上存在发生的基础、性质、承担责任的时间、承担责任的方式以及程序等方面的差别;4)在以上基础上,论文探讨不同行为造成的生态损害的责任方应当承担补偿/赔偿责任。第三,论文从归责原则、责任主体、补偿/赔偿范围、方式以及补偿/赔偿金额的计算等方面对建立和实施生态损害补偿与赔偿的法律基础和制度进行了论述与分析。最后,论文提出了完善生态损害补偿/赔偿制度的政策建议。As an effective and efficient economic instrument to balance the economic development and environmental protection, the ecological compensation has attracted broad attention and application in China.Nevertheless, there exist many arguments in academic and management communities about the connotation and economic and legal character of ecological compensation due to the different context in different disciplines.There is an urgent need to clarify the scientific implication of ecological damage and the associated jurisprudential distinctions between remediation(Buchang) and compensation(Peichang) to promote the implementation of ecological compensation.Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to explore the scientific implication, jurisprudential differences and legal regime of ecological damage and compensation based on the review of relative terms of ecological compensation, which then to provide references for further theoretical study and practice of ecological compensation in China.Firstly, the paper analyzed the connotation of ecological compensation from perspectives of environmental management, environmental economics and law, reviewed the evolution of ecological compensation practices in China, the paper and concluded that the ecological compensation should at least includes payments for ecosystem services(PES), ecological damage compensation and ecological damage claim.Secondly, this paper analyzed the scientific and legal connotation of ecological damage:(1) the ecological damage is the harmful effect to a free natural resource resulted from human activities, namely primary ecological damage;(2) the ecological damage can be categorized three groups, damage resulted from wrongful acts, non-wrongful acts and accumulative pollution from the perspective of legal theory;(3) the occurrence basis, legal nature, time and pattern of undertaking responsibility and the applicable law are different between the remediation and compensation; 4) the responsible parties should take the different liability according to the different acts.Thirdly, the paper discussed the legal basis and regime of establishing and implementing ecological compensation from the principle of liability fixation, the subject of the tort, the range and ways of compensation/ damage, the calculation of the amount of compensation/ damage, and so on.Lastly, the paper proposed policy suggestions of refining the current ecological damage compensation legal system.国家海洋局海洋公益性行业科研专项项目“海洋工程; 海上溢油生态补偿/赔偿关键技术研究示范”(#201105006

海域基准价格评估:厦门案例研究

近年来,随着国家资源管理体制改革的加快,海域资源市场化配置程度不断提高,海域招拍挂即将成为海域使用权出让的主要方式。对海域基准价格进行研究,可以科学确定海域使用权的价格,为海域资源市场化配置提供科学支撑。本文建立了海域定级和海域基准价格评估方法,并利用建立的方法评估了厦门市货运港口用海、客运港口用海、游乐场用海和游艇泊位用海的海域基准价格。结果显示,厦门市各级各类海域基准价格差异很大,各地区各类用海的海域基准价格在11.04～89.32万元/公顷之间。从区域看,同一区域不同用海类型的海域基准价格相差很大,厦门岛周边海域基准价格普遍较高,与陆域的经济发展水平相对一致;从用途看,同级别海域游艇泊位用海年均海域基准价格最高,货运港口用海最低