部分高強度化鉄筋により梁ヒンジリロケーションの発現を企図した鉄筋コンクリート骨組の耐震性能評価

東京都立大

La2O3/InGaAs MOS界面とMOSFETへの応用に関する研究

学位の種別: 課程博士審査委員会委員 : （主査）東京大学教授 高木 信一, 東京大学教授 平本 俊郎, 東京大学准教授 杉山 正和, 東京大学准教授 竹中 充, 東京大学准教授 小林 正治, 東京大学准教授 喜多 浩之University of Tokyo(東京大学

Liquid Transfer between Two Separating Plates

凹版轉印技術(gravure offset printing)以其高輸出速率與不錯的解析度而聞名，現今此一技術更將拓展到印刷電子上。然而其未達100 %轉移率使得凹版內的導電膠無法完全由凹版中轉移到目標基材上，使得印刷成品出現像是斷線、汙點之類的缺陷，可能造成短路或是斷路等狀況，降低產品的良率。 為了解決此一問題，本研究利用兩分離平板間的液橋對凹版轉印的過程作近似，並探討其於上下兩板上之接觸線的移動機制和接觸角的變化。其中兩板間的液滴使用甘油。為了觀察其接觸線和接觸角，吾人將定量的甘油(或甘油水溶液)置於兩平板間，接觸至一定距離後再移動上板拉伸液橋使其一分為二。過程由CCD攝影機拍攝下來，並使用程式記錄液橋之三相接觸線和接觸角的變化。通常，接觸線的移動與否與液體於基材上的後退角有關；實驗結果指出，接觸角在液橋拉伸過程中會先下降到一個最小值再上升，此最小值與拉伸速度存在一關係式。且當接觸角上升到液體在基材上的後退角時，邊界便會停滯不動。此一停滯的寬度也會隨著速度的增加而增加。這一個停滯的寬度與速度的變化趨勢，就會在不同基材組合下對轉移率就會造成不同的影響。 若能將相同的實驗結論套用在實際的凹版轉印研究上，便可找出提升轉移率的方法，使相關技術之缺陷減少、增加產品良率，以達到提升其競爭力、造福人群之目的。In recent years, gravure offset printing has received great attention for its high throughput rate and fine quality for printed electronics. However, as the dimensions of printed features decrease, the ink left over in the patterned gravures usually dries quickly and leads to defects, such as undesired dots or broken lines. These defects not only deteriorate the printing quality but also shorten the life time of gravures. One way to solve this problem is to increase the transfer ratio, which is the volumetric ratio of the liquid transferred from the gravure to target media. To study the fundamental physics of liquid transfer phenomena in the printing process, a liquid bridge is used in this study for its simple geometry. The stretching process of a liquid bridge between two separating large plates is recorded by a CCD camera. Image analyses are performed to obtain the transient interfacial profiles of liquid bridges. From the experiment results, we observe that the contact angle first decrease to a minimum value even below the receding angle, and then increase until the liquid bridge breaks up. The minimum contact angle has an exponential relationship with the top plate’s velocity. Furthermore, the boundaries on both sides stop receding when the contact angle increases to the receding angle. Also, when the top plate’s velocity increases, the boundaries stop at larger values. This phenomenon makes the transfer ratio vary differently in different substrates combination.謝誌 I 摘要 II Abstract III 目 錄 V 圖目錄 VII 表目錄 XI 符號表 XII 第一章 緒論 1 1.1 研究背景與動機 1 1.2 研究目的 4 1.3 論文架構 4 第二章 文獻回顧 5 2.1 液態薄膜之界面現象 5 2.2 兩板間的液體轉移 11 第三章 實驗系統程序 16 3.1實驗藥品與儀器介紹 16 3.2實驗流程 23 第四章 液體於兩平板間的拉伸過程 26 4.1 純甘油於兩平板間之拉伸過程 26 4.2 甘油水溶液於兩PET平板間之拉伸過程 32 4.3 純甘油溶液於疏水性基材上之拉伸過程 36 4.4拉伸過程中之最小角度 43 第五章 液橋邊界後退機制與轉移率 49 5.1 液橋邊界後退機制之討論 49 5.2 液體轉移率之探討 53 第六章 結論 56 第七章 未來展望 58 參考文獻 59 附錄 6

The Study of Artificial Sweetener Concentration Analysis by the Spectrophotometer

[[abstract]]近年來人工甜味劑由於有成本低廉、甜度很高、用量極小的特點被廣泛添加在食品和飲品中，分為能產生熱量的營養型以及不產生熱量的非營養型甜味劑；低熱量的非營養型甜味劑能幫助降低熱量攝取和控制體重，不會引起人體胰島素水平，有助糖尿病慢性病患者在控制血糖的同時又能嚐到甜味，但也有研究指出過量食用部分的人工甜味劑有致癌的可能性，以及患有苯丙酮酸尿症(PAH)的患者不適合食用阿斯巴甜，因此在食用前對於人工甜味劑定性與定量的檢測便顯得非常重要。目前用來檢測人工甜味劑的方式為高效液相層析儀(High performance Liquid Chromatography, HPCL)， HPLC的缺點為設備昂貴、操作嚴格，故在本論文中使用分光光度計進行人工甜味劑定性與定量分析，分析目前台灣食物安全衛生管理法核准使用的阿斯巴甜(Aspartame)、糖精鈉鹽(Sodium Saccharin)、糖蜜素(環己基(代)磺醯胺酸鈉)(Sodium cyclamate)，藉由不同種類的物質對不同光波長吸收率強度的差異，量測不同濃度的人工甜味劑並進行樣品數據的回歸分析以及統計檢定，藉此討論分光光度計用以檢測人工甜味劑的可行性。[[abstract]]In recent years, artificial sweeteners are widely used in food and beverages because of their low cost, high sweetness and low dosage. They are classified into nutritive and non-nutritive sweeteners which can produce heat. Heat sweeteners help reduce calorie intake and weight control, do not cause human insulin levels, it also helps patients with chronic diabetes in the control of blood sugar also can taste the sweetness at the same time, but there are studies have pointed out that excessive consumption of artificial sweeteners have the risk of suffering from cancer and patients with phenylketonuria (PAH) are not suitable for consumption of aspartame, so it is important to have a qualitative and quantitative detection of artificial sweeteners before consumption. At present, the method used to detect artificial sweeteners is High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPCL); HPLC shortcomings for the equipment is expensive, strict operation. In this paper the use of spectrophotometer for artificial sweetener qualitative and quantitative analysis of Aspartame, Sodium Saccharin, and sodium cyclamate approved by the Taiwan Food Safety and Health Administration, by different kinds of substances on the different wavelengths of light absorption intensity difference, measurement of different concentrations of artificial sweeteners and sample data regression analysis and statistical test to discuss the feasibility of spectrophotometer to detect artificial sweeteners.[[note]]碩