中国海洋生物研究70年

随着中国"海洋强国"战略的提出,加快建设海洋类学科的发展成为历史必然,海洋生物是海洋不可分割的一部分,海洋环境和生物相互依存,相互作用,海洋生物研究重要性日益凸显。为纪念中国科学家在海洋生物领域的突出贡献,本文回顾了建国以来中国海洋生物相关的重要研究进展,梳理了中国科学家在海洋生物领域的突出贡献,系统总结并讨论了未来研究方向,抛砖引玉,希望籍此助推中国海洋生物研究的新高潮。国家自然科学基金项目(41876134,41876171)中国大洋矿产资源研究开发协会专项项目(DY135-E2-5-03)教育部长江学者特聘教授项目(T2014253

Genomic Insights into the Formation of Human Populations in East Asia

厦门大学人类学研究所、厦门大学生命科学学院细胞应激生物学国家重点实验室王传超教授课题组与哈佛医学院David Reich教授团队合作，联合全球43个单位的85位共同作者组成的国际合作团队通过古DNA精细解析东亚人群形成历史。研究人员利用古DNA数据检验了东亚地区农业和语言共扩散理论，综合考古学、语言学等证据，该研究系统性地重构了东亚人群的形成、迁徙和混合历史。这是目前国内开展的东亚地区最大规模的考古基因组学研究，此次所报道的东亚地区古人基因组样本量是以往国内研究机构所发表的样本量总和的两倍，改变了东亚地区尤其是中国境内考古基因组学研究长期滞后的局面。 该研究是由王传超教授团队与哈佛医学院（David Reich教授）、德国马普人类历史科学研究所（Johannes Krause教授）、复旦大学现代人类学教育部重点实验室（李辉教授和金力院士）、维也纳大学进化人类学系（Ron Pinhasi副教授）、南洋理工大学人文学院（Hui-Yuan Yeh助理教授）、俄罗斯远东联邦大学科学博物馆（Alexander N Popov研究员）、西安交通大学（张虎勤教授）、蒙古国国家博物馆研究中心、乌兰巴托国立大学考古系、华盛顿大学人类学系、台湾成功大学考古所、加州大学人类学系等全球43个单位的85位共同作者组成的国际合作团队联合完成的。厦门大学人类学研究所、厦门大学生命科学学院细胞应激生物学国家重点实验室为论文第一完成单位。厦门大学人类学研究所韦兰海副教授、胡荣助理教授、郭健新博士后、何光林博士后和杨晓敏硕士参与了研究工作。The deep population history of East Asia remains poorly understood due to a lack of ancient DNA data and sparse sampling of present-day people1,2. We report genome-wide data from 166 East Asians dating to 6000 BCE-1000 CE and 46 present-day groups. Hunter-gatherers from Japan, the Amur River Basin, and people of Neolithic and Iron Age Taiwan and the Tibetan plateau are linked by a deeply-splitting lineage likely reflecting a Late Pleistocene coastal migration. We follow Holocene expansions from four regions. First, hunter-gatherers of Mongolia and the Amur River Basin have ancestry shared by Mongolic and Tungusic language speakers but do not carry West Liao River farmer ancestry contradicting theories that their expansion spread these proto-languages. Second, Yellow River Basin farmers at ～3000 BCE likely spread Sino-Tibetan languages as their ancestry dispersed both to Tibet where it forms up ～84% to some groups and to the Central Plain where it contributed ～59-84% to Han Chinese. Third, people from Taiwan ～1300 BCE to 800 CE derived ～75% ancestry from a lineage also common in modern Austronesian, Tai-Kadai and Austroasiatic speakers likely deriving from Yangtze River Valley farmers; ancient Taiwan people also derived ～25% ancestry from a northern lineage related to but different from Yellow River farmers implying an additional north-to-south expansion. Fourth, Yamnaya Steppe pastoralist ancestry arrived in western Mongolia after ～3000 BCE but was displaced by previously established lineages even while it persisted in western China as expected if it spread the ancestor of Tocharian Indo-European languages. Two later gene flows affected western Mongolia: after ～2000 BCE migrants with Yamnaya and European farmer ancestry, and episodic impacts of later groups with ancestry from Turan.We thank David Anthony, Ofer Bar-Yosef, Katherine Brunson, Rowan Flad, Pavel Flegontov,Qiaomei Fu, Wolfgang Haak, Iosif Lazaridis, Mark Lipson, Iain Mathieson, Richard Meadow,Inigo Olalde, Nick Patterson, Pontus Skoglund, Dan Xu, and the four reviewers for valuable comments. We thank Naruya Saitou and the Asian DNA Repository Consortium for sharing genotype data from present-day Japanese groups. We thank Toyohiro Nishimoto and Takashi Fujisawa from the Rebun Town Board of Education for sharing the Funadomari Jomon samples, and Hideyo Tanaka and Watru Nagahara from the Archeological Center of Chiba City who are excavators of the Rokutsu Jomon site. The excavations at Boisman-2 site (Boisman culture), the Pospelovo-1 site (Yankovsky culture), and the Roshino-4 site (Heishui Mohe culture) were funded by the Far Eastern Federal University and the Institute of History,Archaeology and Ethnology Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences; research on Pospelovo-1 is funded by RFBR project number 18-09-40101. C.C.W was funded by the Max Planck Society, the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC 31801040), the Nanqiang Outstanding Young Talents Program of Xiamen University (X2123302), the Major project of National Social Science Foundation of China (20&ZD248), a European Research Council (ERC) grant to Dan Xu (ERC-2019-ADG-883700-TRAM) and Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (ZK1144). O.B. and Y.B. were funded by Russian Scientific Foundation grant 17-14-01345. H.M. was supported by the grant JSPS 16H02527. M.R. and C.C.W received funding from the ERC under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (grant No 646612) to M.R. The research of C.S. is supported 30 by the Calleva Foundation and the Human Origins Research Fund. H.L was funded NSFC (91731303, 31671297), B&R International Joint Laboratory of Eurasian Anthropology (18490750300). J.K. was funded by DFG grant KR 4015/1-1, the Baden Württemberg Foundation, and the Max Planck Institute. Accelerator Mass Spectrometry radiocarbon dating work was supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF) (BCS-1460369) to D.J.K. and B.J.C. D.R. was funded by NSF grant BCS-1032255, NIH (NIGMS) grant GM100233, the Paul M. Allen Frontiers Group, John Templeton Foundation grant 61220, a gift from Jean-Francois Clin, and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. 该研究得到了国家自然科学基金“中国东南各族群的遗传混合”、国家社科基金重大项目“多学科视角下的南岛语族的起源和形成研究”、厦门大学南强青年拔尖人才支持计划A类、中央高校基本科研业务费等资助

a service adaptation system in mobile distributed environment

移动环境给分布式资源共享特别是服务发现和资源定位带来了新的挑战。本文分析了移动性给服务发现和资源定位机制带来的特殊性,介绍了具有服务主动适配能力的服务适配原型系统Service Catalog Net,给出了其中的关键技术:适应移动性需求的支持多样性的服务模型、服务主动适配策略以及基于模糊匹配的服务定位机制

Na_2CrO_4-NaHCO_3-H_2O体系的相平衡和溶液物化性质

采用等温溶解度法研究了Na2CrO4－NaHCO3－H2O体系25和40℃的相关系以及25℃平衡液相的物化性质（密度、粘度、电导率和pH值）；并用经验和半经验公式计算了平衡液用的密度，与实验值较为一致

Research on the Legend of the Great Master Li Jiang in Debao Country in Guangxi

李将公传说是流传在广西德保、靖西一带的壮族人物传说,由于传说中其具有呼风唤雨的本领,李将公至今仍被当地民众作为"雨神"祭祀。李将公传说是人们的现实需要在民间传说中的反映,随着社会的发展,人们的现实需要发生变化,于是满足这些新的需要成为传说人物新的职能,李将公传说就是这样被不断重塑的。传说中的李将公已经不是具体的某个人,而是道教文化与巫教传统及其他壮族民间信仰相互交融的德保社会风俗文化之产物。The legend of the great master Li Jiang is a legend of Zhuang nationality, which is widely spread in Debao and Jingxi.Li Jiang has been regarded as Rain God to be worshiped by local people, because he was able to control the wind and the rain. The legend of the great master Li Jiang reflects people＇s practical needs. With the development of the society, people＇s practical needs may be changed, so how to meet these needs became his new function, and the legend of the great master Li Jiang was rebuilt like this. In the legend Li Jiang is not a specific man but a product of local social customs and culture, which collects Taoism, witch traditions and other folk beliefs of the Zhuang nationality.广西民族大学2014年研究生田野调查项目“德保县李将公传说研究”； 项目编号:gxun-sdc20141

The Theory of “Panhu Mythology Is Irrelevant to Bottle Gourd Totem”

盘瓠神话的研究中,有人以为盘瓠是葫芦的意思,盘瓠神话是犬图腾神话与洪水葫芦祖先神话的揉合。但是,"盘瓠"是汉人的记音,不能简单运用训诂学的方法认定"盘瓠"是葫芦,表现以葫芦为图腾的观念。在苗瑶语族的语言中"盘瓠"的汉语意译是"王与爷",这可以作为祖先崇拜的证据,而不能论证盘瓠神话和葫芦图腾有关。盘瓠诞生母题很可能是盘瓠神话在汉族地区流传后产生的,在该母题中,"置以瓠蓠,覆之以盘"一语是人们认为盘瓠与葫芦图腾有关的重要依据,但是,葫芦仅仅作为一个工具,为"顶虫化犬"提供了一个"密室"。由此可见,盘瓠神话与葫芦图腾无关。In researches of Panhu Mythology,some researchers consider Panhu as bottle gourd. Panhu Mythology is a mixture of dog totem mythology and the mythology of the ancestors of flood bottle gourd. Panhu is a sound that Han people use for record,so Panhu cannot be simply identified as bottle gourd by way critical interpretation of ancient texts to show the concept of having bottle gourd as totem. In the language of Miao ethnic group,Panhu means King and God which can be used to prove ancestor worship but not that Panhu Mythology is related to bottle gourd totem. The theme of Panhu’s birth may come into being after the spread of Panhu Mythology in the regions where Han people dwell. The saying of＂plant Panhu and cover it with a pan＂in the theme is a significant proof to believe the relationship between Panhu and bottle gourd totem. However,bottle gourd,as a tool,only provides an＂adytum＂for＂worms in brain turn into a dog called Panhu＂. Accordingly,Panhu Mythology has nothing to do with the bottle gourd totem