Family time, parental behaviour model and the initiation of smoking and alcohol use by ten-year-old children: an epidemiological study in Kaunas, Lithuania

BACKGROUND: Family is considered to be the first and the most important child development and socialization bond. Nevertheless, parental behaviour model importance for the children, as well as family time for shared activity amount influence upon the child's health-related behaviour habit development has not been yet thoroughly examined. The aim of this paper is to indicate the advanced health-hazardous behaviour modelling possibilities in the families, as well as time spent for joint family activities, and to examine the importance of time spent for joint family activities for the smoking and alcohol use habit initiation among children. METHODS: This research was carried out in Kaunas, Lithuania, during the school year 2004–2005. The research population consisted of 369 fifth-grade schoolchildren (211 (57.2%) boys and 158 (42.8%) girls) and 565 parents: 323 (57.2%) mothers and 242 (48.2%) fathers. The response rate was 80.7% for children; 96.1% and 90.6% for mothers and fathers correspondingly. RESULTS: Eating a meal together was the most frequent joint family activity, whereas visiting friends or relatives together, going for a walk, or playing sports were the most infrequent joint family activities. More than two thirds (81.5%) of parents (248 (77.0%) mothers and 207 (85.9%) fathers (p < 0.05)) reported frequenting alcohol furnished parties at least once a month. About half of the surveyed fathers (50.6%) together with one fifth of the mothers (19.9%) (p < 0.001) were smokers. More frequently than girls, boys reported having tried smoking (6.6% and 23.0% respectively; p < 0.001) as well as alcohol (31.16% and 40.1% respectively; p < 0.05). Child alcohol use was associated both with paternal alcohol use, and with the time, spent in joint family activities. For instance, boys were more prone to try alcohol, if their fathers frequented alcohol furnished parties, whereas girls were more prone to try alcohol, if family members spent less time together. CONCLUSION: Joint family activity time deficit together with frequent parental examples of smoking and alcohol use underlie the development of alcohol and smoking addictions in children to some extent. The above-mentioned issues are suggested to be widely addressed in the comprehensive family health education programs

Šeimos įtaka paauglių lytinei sveikatai

Šeimai prarandant prioritetą asmenybės formavimosi procese, vis didesnę atsakomybę priskiriant švietimo įstaigoms, ypač aktualu atsigręžti į šeimą kaip į pagrindinę ir svarbiausią vaiko ugdymo aplinką. Šiame straipsnyje siekiama atskleisti šeimos įtaką paauglių lytinei sveikatai. Atlikta 15 m. amžiaus paauglių anketinė apklausa, kurios rezultatai leidžia teigti, kad lytinė elgsena ir sveikata ypač priklauso nuo šeimos, kurioje jie auga, sudėties, pasitikėjimo ir bendravimo su tėvais ypatumų, šeimos narių kartu praleidžiamo laiko pobūdžio. Tyrimo rezultatai parodė, kad ankstyvo lytinio gyvenimo problema yra aktuali, tai pagrindžia lytinio ugdymo šeimoje svarbą bei poreikį. Raktažodžiai: paaugliai, lytis, lytinė sveikata, lytinė elgsena, šeima, socialinė aplinka.The family losing the priority of personality formation process and increasing responsibility within the educational institutions, it is important to look back to the family as the basic and most children‘s educational environment. This article aims to reveal the family impact on adolescents’ sexual health. The survey of 15 years old adolescents was done. The results suggest the sexual behavior and health depends on the family composition, confidence and communicational relations with parents also spent time together with family members. The survey results showed that early sex life is relevant, it is justified by the importance of sex education in the family. Key words: adolescents, gender, social health, social environment, socialization, family, school, friends

Compliance with the “Baby‐friendly Hospital Initiative for Neonatal Wards” in 36 countries

In 2012, the Baby-friendly Hospital Initiative for Neonatal Wards (Neo-BFHI) began providing recommendations to improve breastfeeding support for preterm and ill infants. This cross-sectional survey aimed to measure compliance on a global level with the Neo-BFHI's expanded Ten Steps to successful breastfeeding and three Guiding Principles in neonatal wards. In 2017, the Neo-BFHI Self-Assessment questionnaire was used in 15 languages to collect data from neonatal wards of all levels of care. Answers were summarized into compliance scores ranging from 0 to 100 at the ward, country, and international levels. A total of 917 neonatal wards from 36 low-, middle-, and high-income countries from all continents participated. The median international overall score was 77, and median country overall scores ranged from 52 to 91. Guiding Principle 1 (respect for mothers), Step 5 (breastfeeding initiation and support), and Step 6 (human milk use) had the highest scores, 100, 88, and 88, respectively. Step 3 (antenatal information) and Step 7 (rooming-in) had the lowest scores, 63 and 67, respectively. High-income countries had significantly higher scores for Guiding Principles 2 (family-centered care), Step 4 (skin-to-skin contact), and Step 5. Neonatal wards in hospitals ever-designated Baby-friendly had significantly higher scores than those never designated. Sixty percent of managers stated they would like to obtain Neo-BFHI designation. Currently, Neo-BFHI recommendations are partly implemented in many countries. The high number of participating wards indicates international readiness to expand Baby-friendly standards to neonatal settings. Hospitals and governments should increase their efforts to better support breastfeeding in neonatal wards.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio