Pojam i vrste analize kriminaliteta

The analysis represents a systematic procedure of studying crime problems. It involves the process of defining the ways for collecting, processing, classification, identification and use of the acquired information. In the first part, by pointing out the importance of crime analysis for the police work, the author gives some basic information about the process of analysis, statistic techniques, concrete analytical methods and computer software, used as the necessary back-up for keeping, analysis and use of the given information. In the presentation of the information about the process of analysis, a particular emphasis is placed on the need for respecting this principle - the process of analysis directly conditions the results of the crime analysis. In addition to this, the author points out the fundamental ideas of the theories most frequently used for explaining the indicators of crime, and above all: Routine Activity Theory, Rational Choice Theory and Crime Pattern Theory. In the second part, depending on the purpose and primary cause of the analysis, the author shows the most common types of analyses: Intelligence Analysis, Criminal Investigative Analysis, Tactical Crime Analysis (TCA), Strategic Crime Analysis (SCA), Administrative Crime Analysis (ACA). In the end, it is pointed out to the importance of the analysis for the police work, starting with the organization of the everyday work to the definitions of strategies for fighting the crime.Analiza predstavlja postupak proučavanja problema kriminaliteta koji se sastoji u definisanju načina prikupljanja, obrade, klasifikacije, identifikacije i korišćenja tako dobijenih informacija. Ukazujući na značaj analize kriminaliteta za rad policije, autor je u prvom delu rada dao osnovne informacije o postupku analize, konkretnim analitičkim metodama, statističkim tehnikama i kompjuterskim softverima koji se koriste kao neophodna podrška za skladištenje, analizu i korišćenje dobijenih informacija. U prezentaciji informacija o postupku analize posebno je naglašena potreba za poštovanjem načela: rezultati analize kriminaliteta direktno su uslovljeni postupkom analize. Pored toga, autor je posebno istakao osnovne postulate najčešćih teorija koje se koriste za objašnjenje izvedenih indikatora, a pre svega: Teorije rutinske aktivnosti, Teorije racionalnog izbora i Teorije obrasca kriminalnog ponašanja. U drugom delu, u zavisnosti od svrhe i primarnog cilja analize, autor je ukazao na najčešće vrste analiza: Obaveštajnu analizu; Analizu ličnosti učinioca; Taktičku analizu kriminaliteta; Strategijsku analizu kriminaliteta i Administrativnu analizu. Na kraju, ukazano je na značaj analize za rad policije, počev od organizacije svakodnevnog rada, pa sve do definisanja strategija za borbu protiv kriminaliteta

Pojam i vrste analize kriminaliteta

The analysis represents a systematic procedure of studying crime problems. It involves the process of defining the ways for collecting, processing, classification, identification and use of the acquired information. In the first part, by pointing out the importance of crime analysis for the police work, the author gives some basic information about the process of analysis, statistic techniques, concrete analytical methods and computer software, used as the necessary back-up for keeping, analysis and use of the given information. In the presentation of the information about the process of analysis, a particular emphasis is placed on the need for respecting this principle - the process of analysis directly conditions the results of the crime analysis. In addition to this, the author points out the fundamental ideas of the theories most frequently used for explaining the indicators of crime, and above all: Routine Activity Theory, Rational Choice Theory and Crime Pattern Theory. In the second part, depending on the purpose and primary cause of the analysis, the author shows the most common types of analyses: Intelligence Analysis, Criminal Investigative Analysis, Tactical Crime Analysis (TCA), Strategic Crime Analysis (SCA), Administrative Crime Analysis (ACA). In the end, it is pointed out to the importance of the analysis for the police work, starting with the organization of the everyday work to the definitions of strategies for fighting the crime.Analiza predstavlja postupak proučavanja problema kriminaliteta koji se sastoji u definisanju načina prikupljanja, obrade, klasifikacije, identifikacije i korišćenja tako dobijenih informacija. Ukazujući na značaj analize kriminaliteta za rad policije, autor je u prvom delu rada dao osnovne informacije o postupku analize, konkretnim analitičkim metodama, statističkim tehnikama i kompjuterskim softverima koji se koriste kao neophodna podrška za skladištenje, analizu i korišćenje dobijenih informacija. U prezentaciji informacija o postupku analize posebno je naglašena potreba za poštovanjem načela: rezultati analize kriminaliteta direktno su uslovljeni postupkom analize. Pored toga, autor je posebno istakao osnovne postulate najčešćih teorija koje se koriste za objašnjenje izvedenih indikatora, a pre svega: Teorije rutinske aktivnosti, Teorije racionalnog izbora i Teorije obrasca kriminalnog ponašanja. U drugom delu, u zavisnosti od svrhe i primarnog cilja analize, autor je ukazao na najčešće vrste analiza: Obaveštajnu analizu; Analizu ličnosti učinioca; Taktičku analizu kriminaliteta; Strategijsku analizu kriminaliteta i Administrativnu analizu. Na kraju, ukazano je na značaj analize za rad policije, počev od organizacije svakodnevnog rada, pa sve do definisanja strategija za borbu protiv kriminaliteta

Kriminalitet nasilja - serijska ubistva

Violence and murders represent the gravest forms of negation of the law. Following that fact, which is, according to the author, indisputable, the first part describes the terms which are most commonly used in defining the greatest number of murders performed by one perpetrator(serial killer, mass killer, spree killer). Besides that, in order to achieve insight into the abundance of terms which are used to designate certain murders, their short review is presented regarding the fact who the perpetrator is and who the victim of the murder is. In the second part of this work, consisting of two units, we point out the objective danger coming from the criminal acts of violence, and above all, from the murders, especially serial ones. The results of the research are given in the first part: who the most famous serial killers in Europe are, both in distant as well as in the recent past. The second part is a short analysis of the criminal acts of murder done in Republic of Serbia and Belgrade in the period between 2001 and 2005. In the end, as a conclusion of the work, as a prerequisitive for a successful prevention of criminal acts of violence, the definition of the following principle is given: Clearly demonstrated and legally defined cooperation of all segments of society based on partnership and sharing of responsibility is a basis for prevention of violence.Nasilje i ubistva predstavljaju najteži oblik negacije prava. Prateći tu, po autoru nespornu činjenicu, u prvom delu rada objašnjeni su termini koji se najčešće koriste za određenje većeg broja ubistava izvršenih od strane jednog učinioca (serijski ubica, masovni ubica). Pored toga, radi sticanja uvida u bogatstvo termina kojim se označavaju pojedina ubistva, dat je njihov kratak pregled u zavisnosti od toga ko je učinilac a ko žrtva. U drugom delu rada, koga čine dve celine, ukazano je na objektivnu ugroženost od krivičnih dela nasilja, a pre svega ubistava i to serijskih. Prvu od navedene dve celine čine rezultati istraživanja, ko su najpoznatije serijske ubice na području Evrope, kako u dalekoj prošlosti tako i u skorašnjoj istoriji. Druga celina predstavlja kratku analizu krivičnih dela ubistava izvršenih na području Republike Srbije i Beograda u periodu od 2001. do 2005. godine. Na kraju, u zaključcima rada, kao preduslov za uspešnu prevenciju krivičnih dela nasilja definisan je princip: Jasno ispoljena i zakonski definisana saradnja svih segmenata društva zasnovana na partnerstvu i podeli odgovornosti osnova je za prevenciju nasilja

Kriminalitet nasilja - serijska ubistva

Violence and murders represent the gravest forms of negation of the law. Following that fact, which is, according to the author, indisputable, the first part describes the terms which are most commonly used in defining the greatest number of murders performed by one perpetrator(serial killer, mass killer, spree killer). Besides that, in order to achieve insight into the abundance of terms which are used to designate certain murders, their short review is presented regarding the fact who the perpetrator is and who the victim of the murder is. In the second part of this work, consisting of two units, we point out the objective danger coming from the criminal acts of violence, and above all, from the murders, especially serial ones. The results of the research are given in the first part: who the most famous serial killers in Europe are, both in distant as well as in the recent past. The second part is a short analysis of the criminal acts of murder done in Republic of Serbia and Belgrade in the period between 2001 and 2005. In the end, as a conclusion of the work, as a prerequisitive for a successful prevention of criminal acts of violence, the definition of the following principle is given: Clearly demonstrated and legally defined cooperation of all segments of society based on partnership and sharing of responsibility is a basis for prevention of violence.Nasilje i ubistva predstavljaju najteži oblik negacije prava. Prateći tu, po autoru nespornu činjenicu, u prvom delu rada objašnjeni su termini koji se najčešće koriste za određenje većeg broja ubistava izvršenih od strane jednog učinioca (serijski ubica, masovni ubica). Pored toga, radi sticanja uvida u bogatstvo termina kojim se označavaju pojedina ubistva, dat je njihov kratak pregled u zavisnosti od toga ko je učinilac a ko žrtva. U drugom delu rada, koga čine dve celine, ukazano je na objektivnu ugroženost od krivičnih dela nasilja, a pre svega ubistava i to serijskih. Prvu od navedene dve celine čine rezultati istraživanja, ko su najpoznatije serijske ubice na području Evrope, kako u dalekoj prošlosti tako i u skorašnjoj istoriji. Druga celina predstavlja kratku analizu krivičnih dela ubistava izvršenih na području Republike Srbije i Beograda u periodu od 2001. do 2005. godine. Na kraju, u zaključcima rada, kao preduslov za uspešnu prevenciju krivičnih dela nasilja definisan je princip: Jasno ispoljena i zakonski definisana saradnja svih segmenata društva zasnovana na partnerstvu i podeli odgovornosti osnova je za prevenciju nasilja

Prinicipi i standardi rekonstrukcije krivičnog događaja

This paper deals with crime reconstruction as a method of crime investigation which represents a set of systematic, analytical processes which serve to provide relevant information about the manner of creation and dynamics of crime perpetration. Special attention is paid to ethical principles of crime reconstruction, as well as to the relationship between a scientific method and crime reconstruction method. In addition to this, basic information on models, scientific principles and practical standards of crime reconstruction have been presented. The subject of research is directed towards the analysis of determinants of creation of material pieces of evidence, as well as towards establishing theories and scientific principles for their analysis in order to deduct evidence admissible in court. Finally, the paper analyses the place of crime reconstruction within a complex procedure of its clearing up and proving.Rekonstrukcija krivičnog dela se definiše kao skup sistematskih analitičkih procesa kojima se obezbeđuju relevantne informacije o načinu nastanka i dinamici izvršenja krivičnog dela. Polaznu osnovu u njenoj realizaciji čine materijalni dokazi, do kojih se najvećim delom dolazi na uviđaju, ali i iskazi svedoka, žrtve i okrivljenog. Pri tome treba imati u vidu činjenicu da je percepcija krivičnog dela od strane različitih subjekata različita, te da je rezultat odraza radnje i determinanti krivičnog dela u njihovoj svesti. Rezultati rekonstrukcije zavise od poštovanja etičkih principa profesije, primene naučnih metoda i praktičnih standarda analize dokaza. Takođe, oni su direktno uslovljeni i profesionalizmom koji se manifestuje kroz stručnu (posedovanje neophodnih znanja vezanih za profesiju) i moralnu komponentu (etički kodeks profesije) ličnosti kriminaliste. Objektivna analiza činjenica, odnosno dokaza, podrazumeva postojanje profesionalnog integriteta i nezavisnosti osobe koja izvodi zaključke. Poseban akcenat u postupku rekonstrukcije treba staviti na praktične standarde, kao fundamentalna pravila interpretacije dokaza u postupku rekonstrukcije krivičnog dela

Protection of adult victims of trafficking in human beings and the status of a particularly sensitive witness

In addition to the introduction and conclusion, the paper consists of three logically related parts within which an analysis of certain international and national legal standards in the protection of victims of crime and particularly sensitive witnesses in criminal proceedings has been performed. A special subject of analysis were the national criminal law provisions regulating the protection of adult victims of the criminal offence of trafficking in human beings. Key problems and omissions in the protection of these witnesses were identified, as well as suggestions for overcoming them. In its conclusion, the paper underlines that particularly sensitive witnesses are not always provided protection in accordance with minimum international standards, and the reasons can be found in the impossibility of providing technical conditions, insensibility of acting officers, as well as an inadequate assessment by the authorities in charge of applying certain elements of criminal law protection

Računarsko pretraživanje i upoređivanje podataka u otkrivanju i dokazivanju krivičnih dela

Collection of various information about citizens and their storage in appropriate data bases are realities of modern societies. Ever-increasing amount of that information has triumphed over human capacity to deal and analyse them in traditional manner requiring development of computerised methods. Being widely applied in public administration and economy for many years, computer search and data comparison has not been sufficiently exploited in criminalistics and forensic. Police agencies and forensic laboratories collect a significant amount of various data resulting from the analysis of numerous criminal activities. A success of the automatic search and comparison in criminal investigations essentially depends on the availability and characteristics of the existing data about persons, objects or events. From 2006 onwards, automatic computer search of personal and other related data has become available as particular evidential act within Serbian criminal legislation which was a decisive motive for writing this article.Prikupljanje najraznovrsnijih informacija o građanima i njihovo smeštanje u odgovarajuće baze, predstavlja realnost savremenog društva. Rast količine ovih informacija prevazišao je čovekove moći da tradicionalnim sredstvima obrađuje i analizira tako velike količine podataka, iziskujući kompjuterizovane metode za ove potrebe. Iako godinama unazad ima široku primenu u poslovima javne uprave i privrede, kompjutersko pretraživanje i upoređivanje podataka do sada nije dovoljno eksploatisano u kriminalistici i forenzici. Policijske agencije i forenzičke laboratorije sakupljaju velike količine različitih podataka, koji nastaju kao rezultat obrade brojnih kriminalnih aktivnosti. Sam uspeh njihovog automatskog pretraživanja i upoređivanja u krivičnim istragama u presudnoj meri zavisi od raspoloživosti i karakteristika podataka (obeležja, rastera) koja se odnose na lica, predmete ili događaje. Od 2006. godine i srpsko krivično zakonodavstvo, kao posebnu dokaznu radnju, predviđa automatsko računarsko pretraživanje ličnih i drugih sa njima povezanih podataka, što je bio odlučujući motiv za pisanje ovog rada

Primena grafičkih metoda za prikaz informacija u istragama organizovanog kriminala

Graphical methods for displaying information represent one of the most efficient method for visualization and integration of large amounts of data on organized crime groups and their connections. Application of these methods in investigating organized crime allows the organization of existing data so as to provide an insight into all important aspects of criminalistic investigation in a short period of time. Specifically, the criminal investigation of organized crime accumulate a large quantity of data from numerous sources over long periods tim, and contain information on a wide range of organizations, activities and people involved in organized criminal activity. An analyst using the graphical methods in the analysis of these data gives them a new dimension. The authors pay special attention to the application of the graphical methods in making the connection diagrams, telephone call diagrams and the chronology of events diagrams in investigations of organized crime offences. The effective use of these methods to display information can significantly improve performance in preventing and combating all crime, including organized crime offences.Grafički metodi za prikaz informacija predstavljaju jedan od izuzetno efikasnih načina za prikaz i integraciju velikog broja podataka o organizovanim kriminalnim grupama i njihovim vezama. Pri­mena ovih metoda u istragama organizovanog kriminala omogućava organizaciju postojećih podataka na takav način da se u kratkom vremenskom intervalu može dobiti uvid u sve značajne aspekte kriminalističke obrade. Naime, kriminalističke obrade slučajeva organizovanog kriminala obiluju podacima koje duže vreme prikupljaju različita lica, a sadrže informacije o velikom broju organizacija, delatnosti i ljudi uključenih u organizovane kriminalne aktivnosti. Koristeći ove podatke analitičar primenom grafičkih metoda tokom procesa analize tim podacima daje jednu novu dimenziju. Autori u radu posebnu pažnju posvećuju primeni grafičkih metoda u izradi dijagrama veza, telefonskih poziva i hronologije događaja u istragama krivičnih dela organizovanog kriminala. Efikasno korišćenje ovih metoda za prikaz informacija može značajno da poboljša rezultate rada u sprečavanju i suzbijanju svih krivičnih dela, uključujući i krivična dela organizovanog kriminala

The establishment and development of the National Criminal Intelligence System in the Republic of Serbia

Efficient countering contemporary forms of crime, especially terrorism, high-tech and organised crime, requires a multi-agency approach and cooperation, both at the national and international level. One of the basic indicators for assessing the quality of cooperation is the exchange of information. The exchange of information overcomes limited resources, and improves the efficiency and cost-efficiency of the evidentiary procedure. The National Criminal Intelligence System is based on the establishment of a Platform for secure electronic communication, exchange of data and information between government authorities, special organisational units of government authorities and institutions, in order to prevent organised crime and other forms of serious crime. The following institutions are participating in the first phase of the establishment of the National Criminal Intelligence System: the Ministry of Interior; Ministry of Justice; Republic Public Prosecutor’s Office; Prosecutor’s Office for Organised Crime; Office of the National Security Council and Classified Information Protection; Customs Administration; Anti-Corruption Agency; and Tax Administration. The subject of this paper is the analysis of the legal framework, defining of recommendations, establishing which issues need to be legally regulated and which legal acts should be adopted to create the legal conditions necessary for the establishment and development of the NCIS

Kriminalistička analiza pisanih i snimljenih iskaza

Relevant element of law enforcement work is collecting data about criminal act which we can get from witnesses (including victims) and persons suspected for committing a crime. It is a very important issue for success of each the process of proving. The special subject of objective analysis of statement presents criminalistic analysis truthfulness of written statements, transcripts or recorded statements. For criminalistic analysis today we often use two techniques, whereby authors in article write about that: Criterion Based Statement Analysis-CBSA and Scientific Content Analysis-SCAN.Nezaobilazan element policijskog rada čini prikupljanje informacija koje o krivičnom delu mogu dati potencijalni svedoci (uključujući i žrtve) i lica osumnjičena za njegovo izvršenje. To je bitan elemenat za uspeh svakog postupka dokazivanja. Poseban predmet objektivne analize iskaza predstavlja kriminalistička analiza istinitosti pisanih izjava, transkripata, ili snimljenih izjava. Danas se za kriminalističku analizu izjava najčešće koriste dve tehnike, pri čemu se autori u radu upravo osvrću na njih: Analiza izjave na osnovu kriterijuma (Criterion Based Statement Analysis-CBSA) i Naučna analiza sadržaja (Scientific Content Analysis-SCAN)