NDVI and NDBI indexes as indicators of the creation of urban heat islands in the Sarajevo basin

Remote sensing plays a vital role in analyzing urban changes. In this regard, various datasets collected from satellites today serve as a foundation for decision-makers and urban planners. This study compares the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and the Normalized Difference Built-up Index (NDBI) as indicators for the creation of surface heat islands. Using Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS C2 L2 images, spatial correlations between land surface temperature (LST) were examined for August 2013, 2019 and 2023. Urban heat islands (UHI) are a contemporary phenomenon and increasingly common in large urban areas compared to surrounding, less populated areas. With the advancement in remote sensing, it is possible to adequately determine the spatial differentiation and prevalence of urban heat islands (UHI). The study is based on Landsat 8 satellite image sets for the Sarajevo basin in August 2013, 2019 and 2023, which were used to analyze LST, NDVI, and NDBI indices. This work indicates a relationship between LST and NDVI but varies depending on the analyzed year. Normalized Difference Built-up Index (NDBI) serves as a suitable indicator for surface UHI effects and can be used as an indicator to assess its spatial distribution within a larger urban environment

GASTROPODS IN THE BASIN OF THE RIVER FOJNIČKA

Prvo detaljno istraživanje gastropoda u slijevu Fojničke rijeke provedeno je tijekom 2001.–2002. godine. Materijal je uzorkovan pet puta u tijeku četiriju godišnjih sezona (listopad 2001. — rujan 2002.) na 11 lokaliteta, i to na sljedeć im vodotocima: Fojnička rijeka, Dragača, Željeznica, Kreševka i Lepenica. Istodobno s prikupljanjem uzoraka makroinvertebrata zoobentosa, mjereni su i neki fizikalno–kemijski parametri (BPK5, temperatura vode, pH–vrijednost, količina otopljenog kisika, zasićenost kisikom i jednokratno mjerenje koncentracije nitrata i fosfata). Imajući u vidu činjenicu da je biodiverzitet gastropoda u Bosni i Hercegovini na dosta niskom stupnju istraženosti, cilj je ovog rada sagledavanje distribucije zajednice gastropoda slijeva Fojničke rijeke. Navedenim je istraživanjima identificirano 11 taksona i 1 468 jedinki gastropoda i činile su 16% od ukupnog naselja makroinvertebrata zoobentosa. Dominantna vrsta na istraživanim lokalitetima jest Ancylus fluviatilis, dok se sporadično susreću vrste Acicula sp., Saxurinator sp. i Valvata piscinalis. Najveći broj vrsta (osam) i najveći broj jedinki (657) zapažen je na lokalitetu ušća Fojničke rijeke u Bosnu.The first detailed investigation of Gastropods in the basin of river Fojnička has been carried out in 2001–2002. The material has been sampled five times during four seasons (October 2001–September 2002) at 11 sites in the following waterways: the rivers Fojnička, Dragača, Željeznica, Kreševka and Lepenica. Measurement of certain physical and chemical parameters (BOD5, water temperature, pH value, amount of dissolved oxygen, saturation with oxygen and one time measurement of concentration of nitrates and phosphates) has been carried out together with collecting of macroinvertebrates of zoobenthos. Since the knowledge of biodiversity of Gastropods in Bosnia and Herzegovina is at the very low level, the main objective of this paper is to give an overview of distribution of Gastropods communities in the Fojnička river basin. In these investigations, 11 taxa of Gastropods and 1468 individuals have been determined. The Gastropods made 16% of total settlement of macroinvertebrates of zoobenthos. Dominant species at investigated sites was Ancylus fluviatilis, while species Acicula sp., Saxurinator sp. and Valvata piscinalis were just sporadically recorded. The largest number of individuals (657) and largest number of species (eight) was recorded at the mouth of the river Fojnička into the river Bosna

LONG-TERM TRENDS IN THE STRUCTURE AND DYNAMICS OF THE FISH COMMUNITIES IN BUŠKO BLATO RESERVOIR

Akumulacija Buško Blato, treća najveća hidroakumulacija u Europi, smještena je u jugoistočnom dijelu krškog Livanjskog polja. Ovaj vodeni ekosustav odlikuje se vrlo bogatom ihtiofaunom i prisutnošću četiri endemske vrste riba. Ihtiološka istraživanja navedene akumulacije bila su u fokusu brojnih istraživanja. Ihtiofauna Buškog Blata bila je izložena promjenama različitih ekoloških čimbenika, što se odrazilo na strukturu i sastav ribljih populacija. Glavni cilj ovog rada bio je procijeniti trenutno stanje i predvidjeti buduće trendove u strukturi i dinamici ihtiofaune na temelju prikupljenih terenskih podataka i sveobuhvatnih analiza iz literaturnih podataka. Rezultati istraživanja pokazali su prisutnost 11 vrsta riba iz četiri porodice, što je najveći broj vrsta riba ikada zabilježenih u ovom ekosustavu. Sander lucioperca, Lepomis gibbosus, Pseudorasbora parva, i Tinca tinca prvi su put zabilježeni u ovom ekosustavu, dok neke prethodno zabilježene vrste nisu pronađene. Rezultati analiza jasno ukazuju na prisutnost prirodne interspecifične konkurencije i značajnu razinu ugroženosti endemskih vrsta riba uzrokovanu ljudskim aktivnostima.Buško Blato Reservoir, the third largest hydro accumulation in Europe, is situated in the south-eastern part of the karstic Livanjsko Polje Valley. This aquatic ecosystem is distinguished by a very rich ichthyofauna and the presence of four endemic fish species. Numerous studies focus on ichthyological researches of Buško Blato Reservoir. Its ichthyofauna has been exposed to changes in ecological factors, which in turn reflected on the structure and composition of fish populations. The main objective of this paper was to assess the current state and predict future trends in the ichthyofauna structure and dynamics based on the field data and comprehensive analyses of literature data. The results of the research indicated the presence of 11 fish species from four families, which is the largest number of fish species ever recorded in this ecosystem. Sander lucioperca, Lepomis gibbosus, Pseudorasbora parva and Tinca tinca were recorded for the first time in this ecosystem, while some previously recorded species were not found. The results of the analyses clearly indicate the presence of natural interspecific competition and significant level of threats to the endemic fish species caused by human activities

Political and Socio-Economic Aspects of Fisheries in Inland and Coastal Waters of the Western Balkan

In the last decades in Europe, especially in the Balkan region, modernization of agriculture gave priority to economic growth without consideration of the environmental impact and sustainable development. Fisheries have traditional and essential importance of food and income in the Slovenia, Croatia, Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, North Macedonia, and Albania (Western Balkans). The fisheries sector in Western Balkans is still not organized according to requirements of ecosystem integrity and sustainable utility. Practical application of the legislation indicates that the fishery has been developed without adequate harmonization with socio-economic characteristics, enforcement resources, and adequate control measures. Policymakers continue to be reluctant to give importance to the fishery sector, when allocating fishery resources among multifunctional users of water resources. In the following text, we gave review of the fisheries policy and socio-economic aspects of fishery sector in the Western Balkan countries. Critical fisheries policy and management measures are discussed and the propositions and recommendations of environmental sustainability measures under modern anthropogenic pressures are presented

Uspostava zaštićenih područja prirode u Kantonu Sarajevo i mogućnosti njihove ekoturističke valorizacije

Official reports of the cantonal ministry of economy on tourism trends within Canton Sarajevo reveal that ecotourism potentials in the area of the examined canton have not been entirely evaluated yet. Of 80,280 registered tourists that visited the canton in 2002, non-urban municipalities (Ilijaš, Trnovo, Hadžići, and Vogošća) were visited by 17,715 tourists, accounting for only 21%of the total number of visitors. Considering that these municipalities are geographically the largest yet demographically the least populated, it can be concluded that their natural potentials are poorly exploited for ecotourism purposesthis statement is further confirmed by the fact that the largest portion of the established protected natural areas (approximately 71%) is situated in these municipalities. Adding the sparsely populated and urbanized peripheral areas of the municipality of Ilidža (with the natural monument at the spring of the river Bosna - \u27Vrelo Bosne\u27) that were also visited by a relatively low number of tourists (approximately 13,000), a clear picture of negative ecotourism trends in the canton emerges. Aiming to enhance the protection of nature and the development of tourism in the natural protected areas, their management has been conceded to the public forestry company \u27Sarajevošume\u27. In addition, significant efforts have been invested into the protection of mounts Igman, Bjelašnica, and Trebević through their inclusion into the network of protected natural areas in the canton, following the principle of nucleus, island, and corridor

Nature protection in Bosnia and Herzegovina

Bosnia and Herzegovina is distinguished by a very unique mosaic of high biodiversity level. However, current development activities and initiatives for construction of new dams, together with activities in the forestry sector throughout the country, emphasizes the need for establishment of new protected areas in all major ecosystem types that should be ecologically viable and effectively managed. A review of the history of protected areas and administration developments in Bosnia and Herzegovina provide useful input for analysis. However, the data on the current state and size of protected areas in the country are obsolate and inaccurate. The results of the analysis have shown that in spite of a very high biodiversity level, Bosnia and Herzegovina managed to designate only 2.6% of its territory as protected areas, which is far below regional and European level. Lack of protected areas system is one of the main direct threats to biodiversity conservation. The primary objective of establishment of protected area network (PAN) in Bosnia and Herzegovina is to ensure conservation of valuable natural areas, which contain representatives of all main ecosystem types that could be found in the country. Only in this way, sustainable conservation of biodiversity could be achieved

EKOLOŠKA, MORFOLOŠKO-TAKSONOMSKA I HEMATOLOŠKA KARAKTERIZACIJA SMUĐA (SANDER LUCIOPERCA, LINNAEUS 1758) IZ NERETVANSKIH HIDROAKUMULACIJA

Ecological, morphological-taxonomic and haematological features of pike perch (Sander lucioperca, Linnaeus 1758) as introduced species in reservoirs on the river Neretva in Bosnia and Herzegovina is presented in this paper. Field research has been carried out in the period from November 2009 to November 2010. The analysis of morphological-taxonomic paremeters has been carried out on 103 specimens, with 54 used for the analysis of haematological parameters. From an ecological standpoint, populations of pike perch from the „lakes“ on the river Neretva exhibit trends towards an increase in density. These populations include specimens of various age, and they show a high degree of adaptibility to the reservoir\u27s ecosystems. Morphological features of specimens show the presence of several generations, which indicates that this species successfully spawns in the investigated ecosystems. The largest variation coefficient by season, within seven measured haematological parameters, have haematological indices MCV, MCH and MCHC.U radu su prikazani ekološki, morfološko-taksonomske i hematološke značajke smuđa (Sander lucioperca, Linnaeus 1758) kao introducirane vrste u hidroakumulacijama na rijeci Neretvi u Bosni i Hercegovini. Terenska istraživanja su provedena u periodu od novembra 2009. godine do novembra 2010. godine. Ukupno je analizom za morfološko-taksonomske parametre obuhvaćen uzorak od 103 jedinke od kojih je 54 podvrgnuto istraživanjima hematoloških parametara. Sa aspekta ekologije populacija smuđa u neretvanskim „jezerima“ ima tendenciju povećanja gustine, obuhvaća jedinke različite životne dobi i pokazuje visok stupanj adaptiranosti u ekosistemima hidroakumulacija. Morfološke karakteristike jedinki pokazuju prisustvo većeg broja generacija što ukazuje da se ova vrsta uspješno mrijesti u istraživanim ekosistemima. Od ukupno sedam hematoloških parametara najveći koeficijent variranja po sezonama ustanovljen je kod hematoloških indeksa MCV, MCH i MCHC

EKOLOŠKA, MORFOLOŠKO-TAKSONOMSKA I HEMATOLOŠKA KARAKTERIZACIJA SMUĐA (SANDER LUCIOPERCA, LINNAEUS 1758) IZ NERETVANSKIH HIDROAKUMULACIJA

Ecological, morphological-taxonomic and haematological features of pike perch (Sander lucioperca, Linnaeus 1758) as introduced species in reservoirs on the river Neretva in Bosnia and Herzegovina is presented in this paper. Field research has been carried out in the period from November 2009 to November 2010. The analysis of morphological-taxonomic paremeters has been carried out on 103 specimens, with 54 used for the analysis of haematological parameters. From an ecological standpoint, populations of pike perch from the „lakes“ on the river Neretva exhibit trends towards an increase in density. These populations include specimens of various age, and they show a high degree of adaptibility to the reservoir\u27s ecosystems. Morphological features of specimens show the presence of several generations, which indicates that this species successfully spawns in the investigated ecosystems. The largest variation coefficient by season, within seven measured haematological parameters, have haematological indices MCV, MCH and MCHC.U radu su prikazani ekološki, morfološko-taksonomske i hematološke značajke smuđa (Sander lucioperca, Linnaeus 1758) kao introducirane vrste u hidroakumulacijama na rijeci Neretvi u Bosni i Hercegovini. Terenska istraživanja su provedena u periodu od novembra 2009. godine do novembra 2010. godine. Ukupno je analizom za morfološko-taksonomske parametre obuhvaćen uzorak od 103 jedinke od kojih je 54 podvrgnuto istraživanjima hematoloških parametara. Sa aspekta ekologije populacija smuđa u neretvanskim „jezerima“ ima tendenciju povećanja gustine, obuhvaća jedinke različite životne dobi i pokazuje visok stupanj adaptiranosti u ekosistemima hidroakumulacija. Morfološke karakteristike jedinki pokazuju prisustvo većeg broja generacija što ukazuje da se ova vrsta uspješno mrijesti u istraživanim ekosistemima. Od ukupno sedam hematoloških parametara najveći koeficijent variranja po sezonama ustanovljen je kod hematoloških indeksa MCV, MCH i MCHC

Long-Term Trends in the Structure and Dynamics of the Fish Communities in Buško Blato Reservoir

Buško Blato Reservoir, the third largest hydro accumulation in Europe, is situated in the south-eastern part of the karstic Livanjsko Polje Valley. This aquatic ecosystem is distinguished by a very rich ichthyofauna and the presence of four endemic fish species. Numerous studies focus on ichthyological researches of Buško Blato Reservoir. Its ichthyofauna has been exposed to changes in ecological factors, which in turn reflected on the structure and composition of fish populations. The main objective of this paper was to assess the current state and predict future trends in the ichthyofauna structure and dynamics based on the field data and comprehensive analyses of literature data. The results of the research indicated the presence of 11 fish species from four families, which is the largest number of fish species ever recorded in this ecosystem. Sander lucioperca, Lepomis gibbosus, Pseudorasbora parva and Tinca tinca were recorded for the first time in this ecosystem, while some previously recorded species were not found. The results of the analyses clearly indicate the presence of natural interspecific competition and significant level of threats to the endemic fish species caused by human activities