Silicone-based composites as surgical breast models for oncoplasty training

Surgeons-in-training necessitate practice to improve their skill sets and the shift towards simulation-based trainings enables trainees to learn at their own pace and experience custom-based cases rather than responding to the immediate needs of the patients. Oncoplasty for breast cancer encompasses tumor removal and subsequent breast reconstruction; and there are several oncoplastic techniques to master for proper treatment of the patients. For training purposes, closest media to reality, fresh cadavers, are hard to obtain due to their price and/or unavailability. There is a need for a sustainable, reliable, and affordable platform to diffuse simulation-based trainings to medical curricula and provide trainings even in resource-limited settings. Silicone-based composite models can be designed and manufactured to fulfil the necessities of breast surgery such as precise incision, epidermal undermining, suturing, and resisting suture tension after excision of a considerable mass. We have shown the performance of such a stand-alone breast model for two oncoplastic techniques, “Batwing Mammoplasty” and “Modified Inferior Flap Rezai”. This model can be used in settings where it is difficult and/or expensive to find fresh cadavers. This cost-effective and practical solution also eliminates the need for chemical/cold storage and risk of infections/molding, thus making it a preferable tool for teaching hospitals and also for individual practice. In addition, the model is suitable to be used in self-diagnosis trainings, as well as a communication platform between surgeons and patients

A PCE-based rheology modifier allows machining of solid cast green bodies of alumina

The performance of a poly(carboxylate ether) (PCE)-based superplasticizer to enable the machining of green bodies that are solid cast from suspensions of alumina was investigated. An alumina loading of 35 vol% in the presence of 1.25 wt% superplasticizer was established to be suitable for lathing and removal of significant amount of material through drilling. A reduction of 77% in the diameter of green bodies that corresponds to a 59% reduction in volume was achieved. The lathed green bodies exhibited smooth terraces without visible cracks. All of the green bodies were sintered without a polymer burnout step

Synthesis and characterization of mixed ligand chiral nanoclusters

Chiral mixed ligand silver nanoclusters were synthesized in the presence of a chiral and an achiral ligand. The ratio of the ligands was changed to track the formation of these clusters. While the chiral ligand lead to nanoparticles, Presence of the achiral ligand induced the formation of nanoclusters with chiral properties