Congenital muscular torticollis

Aim: The purpose of these studies was to undertake a survey of functional and cosmetic status in children treated for congenital muscular torticollis (CMT), to examine validity and reliability of the Muscle Function Scale (MFS), to find reference values for rotation and lateral flexion of the neck and muscle function of the lateral flexors in the neck for the normally developing infant, to investigate if infants with CMT are at higher risk of achieving the early motor milestones later compared to a control group of healthy infants and to investigate if treatment duration is affected when stretching is carried out by an experienced physiotherapist compared to parents. Methods: Range of motion (ROM) in neck rotation was measured with an arthrodial protractor. Lateral flexion was measured with the infant/child lying in supine on a big protractor. Muscle function of the lateral flexor muscles of the neck was measured with MFS, which was also tested for validity by a panel of experts. Physiotherapists and students tested intra-rater and inter-rater reliability of the MFS using photos. The presence of asymmetry of the face, posture and lateral band were observed and estimated according to a scoring sheet in study I. In study IV and V craniofacial asymmetry and head posture was assessed with the visual scale “severity assessment for plagiocephaly”. Motor development was assessed with Alberta Infant Motor Scale. A questionnaire about time spent in prone when awake and sleep position was used. Infants with CMT were randomized to stretching treatment by physiotherapist or parent in study V. Results: The majority of the children who had received earlier treatment for torticollis attained an overall excellent/good status and the most notable findings were remaining craniofacial asymmetry and asymmetry in muscle function. The MFS had high inter-rater and intra-rater reliability, weighted Kappa and intraclass correlation both >0.9. Reference values for the mean ROM in neck rotation in healthy infants were in mean 110° with SD 6,2° and a range of 100°-120°. In lateral flexion the mean ROM was 70° with SD 2,2° and a range of 65°-75°. Infants of two months of age had the mean muscle function score of 1, which increased to 3-4 at the age of ten months. Difference in scores on the left and right side were rare. Multiple regression analysis showed that infants in the CMT group had a significantly lower score at AIMS compared to the control group at two (p=0.03) and six months of age (p=0.05). Infants who spent ≥ three times daily in a prone position when awake, had significantly higher scores at AIMS than infants who spent less time in prone at two (p=0.001), six (p <0.001) and ten months of age (p <0.001). When stretching treatment was performed by an experienced physiotherapist the time to achieve satisfactory ROM in both rotation and lateral flexion was significantly (P<0.01) shorter compared to the parents group. Symmetrical head posture was achieved earlier (P=0.05) in the physiotherapist group than in the parent group Conclusion: Most children with CMT had an overall excellent/good status at follow up after physiotherapy treatment and the most notable findings were remaining craniofacial asymmetry and asymmetry in muscle function. The MFS was found to be valid and reliable. Infants under one year of age have good ROM in rotation and lateral flexion of the neck. Infants with CMT seem to be at higher risk of achieving the early motor milestones late compared with a healthy control group. However time spent in prone position seems to have a positive influence on this. Infants with CMT gained full ROM and symmetric head posture earlier when treated by an experienced physiotherapist compared to parents. Nevertheless parents can achieve a good result within a couple of months

Multiple criteria decision analysis with consideration to place-specific values in participatory forest planning

The combination of multiple criteria decision analysis (MCDA) and participatory planning is an approach that has been applied in complex planning situations where multiple criteria of very different natures are considered, and several stakeholders or social groups are involved. The spatial character of forest planning problems adds further to the complexity, because a large number of forest stands are to be assigned different treatments at different points in time. In addition, experience from participatory forest planning indicates that stakeholders may think about the forest in terms of place-specific values rather than in forest-wide terms. The objective of this study was to present an approach for including place-specific values in MCDA-based participatory forest planning and illustrate the approach by a case study where the objective was to choose a multipurpose forest plan for an area of urban forest in northern Sweden. Stakeholder values were identified in interviews, and maps were used to capture place-specific spatial values. The nonspatial and nonplace-specific spatial values were formulated as criteria and used to build an objective hierarchy describing the decision situation. The place-specific spatial values were included in the creation of a map showing zones of different silvicultural management classes, which was used as the basis for creation of forest plan alternatives in the subsequent process. The approach seemed to work well for capturing place-specific values, and the study indicates that formalized methods for including and evaluating place-specific values in participatory forest planning processes should be developed and tested further

An integrated MCDA software application for forest planning : a case study in southwestern Sweden

Forest planning in Sweden today translates not only into planning of timber production, but also for the provision of other functions and services. Multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) methods provide a way to take also non-monetary values into account in planning. The purpose of this study was to gain experience on how to use a forest decision support system combined with an MCDA tool in practical forestry. We used a new forest planning tool, PlanWise, which includes an integrated MCDA module, PlanEval. Using the software, the decision maker can compare different forest plans and evaluate them against his/her objectives in a structured and analytical manner. The analysis thus provides a ranking of the alternatives based on the individual preferences of the decision maker. PlanEval and the MCDA planning process are described in a case study, where the manager of a forest estate in southwestern Sweden used the program to compare different forest plans made for the estate. In the paper, we analyze possibilities and challenges of this approach and identify problems such as the adherence to formal requirements of MCDA techniques and the difficulty of comparing maps. Possibilities to expedite an MCDA planning process further are also discussed. The findings confirm that integration of an MCDA tool with a forest decision support system is valuable, but requires expert assistance to be successful

Från delamning till helamning : En litteraturstudie om hur barnmorskor kan handleda och stödja mödrar till lyckad amning.

Abstrakt Syftet med detta examensarbete är att genom en kvalitativ litteraturstudie beskriva vikten av barnmorskans stöd och handledning till modern för att lyckas med amningen. Utgående från syftet har dessa frågeställningar bildats: Hur kan vi som barnmorskor stödja och informera modern för att öka amningen? Med hjälp av vilka metoder kan modern övergå från delamning till helamning? I den teoretiska utgångspunkten har respondenterna valt att utgå från Erikssons (2000) teori om lära samt Kings (1981) teori om interaktion. Datainsamlingen består av 20 vetenskapliga artiklar. Därefter har en översiktsartikel gjorts av de valda artiklarna för att de ska vara lättöverskådliga (bilaga 1). Respondenterna har analyserat materialet med hjälp av kvalitativ innehållsanalys. I resultatet fick respondenterna fram att nyblivna mödrar önskar barnmorskor som är uppmuntrande, förstående och villiga att hjälpa med amningen. Partnerns stöd var också av stor betydelse för lyckad amning. I resultatet framkom även att planerad amning samt närhet mellan mor och barn är viktiga faktorer för att lyckas med amningen. Barnmorskan bör ge ett bra stöd och bra information för att modern ska kunna känna sig självsäker och trygg med amningen.Abstract The purpose of this study is to through a qualitative literature review describe the importance of the midwife’s support and guidance to the mother in order to succeed with breastfeeding. Based on the purpose, these issues were formed: How can we as midwifes support and inform the mother to increase breastfeeding? Using which methods can the mother go from partial breastfeeding to exclusive breastfeeding? In the theoretical framework, the respondents chose to use Eriksson’s (2000) theory of learning and King’s (1981) theory of interaction. The data collection consists of 20 scientific articles. Thereafter, a review article was made using the selected articles in order to make them easy to grasp (appendice 1). The respondents have analyzed the material using qualitative content analysis. In the result, the respondents obtained that new mothers wish to have encouraging, understanding and helpful midwifes. The partner's support was also of great importance for successful breastfeeding. The results also showed, among other things, that planned breastfeeding and closeness between mother and child are important factors for the success of breastfeeding. The midwife should be supportive and inform the mother well, so that the mother can feel confident and safe with her breastfeeding

Evenemangsplanering och förverkligande av Rantatonni : Ett produktutvecklingsarbete för Esbo Strandmaraton

Detta arbete är ett beställningsarbete av Esbo Strandmaraton. Meningen med arbetet är att skapa ett nytt evenemang, vid namnet Rantatonni, inom verksamheten som riktar sig för barn och ungdomar och på samma gång få Esbo Strandmaraton att växa. Evenemanget ska också fungera som ett verktyg för att rekrytera nya medlemmar att börja idrotta inom de tre organiserande föreningarna, Esbo Idrottsförening, Espoon Tapiot och Leppävaaran Sisu. Resultatet är en produkt i form av en handbok som fungerar som hjälpmedel för att underlätta organiserandet av Rantatonni i framtiden. Handboken är lättläst och är utformad som en checklista med förklaringar där vem som helst kan förstå de viktigaste delarna i planeringen av Rantatonni i framtiden. För att framställa denna handbok krävdes att evenemanget ordnades i praktiken och att alla faser en evenemangsplanering innehåller utfördes, såsom idé och målsättning, planering, utförande samt evaluering. Rantatonni ordnades två gånger innan den slutliga handboken utformades, 21.9.2014 och 20.9.2015 på Otnäs idrottspark i Esbo. År 2014 deltog 104 barn och år 2015 deltog 162. Den teoretiska delen av arbetet handlar om evenemangsplanering för idrottsevenemang som speglas mot processbeskrivningen av det praktiska utförandet. De centrala källorna för den teoretiska delen är böckerna Mitä, miksi, kuinka? Käsikirja tapahtumajärjestäjille av Iiskola–Kesonen (2006) och Tapahtuma on tilaisuus av Vallo och Häyrinen (2014) medan Vilkka och Airaksinens bok Toiminnalinen opintonäytetyö (2003) används när metoden beskrivs i arbetet.Tämä opinnäytetyö on tilaustyö Espoo Rantamaratonille. Työn tarkoitus on luoda uusi tapahtuma nimeltä Rantatonni jonka toiminta suuntautuu lapsille ja nuorille. Samalla ta-voitteena on että Rantamaratonin toiminta kasvaa. Tapahtuman tarkoitus on myös toimia työkaluna uusien jäsenten rekrytoinnissa urheilijoiksi järjestäjäseuroihin, Esbo Idrottsfö-rening, Espoon Tapiot ja Leppävaaran Sisu. Tulos on tuote käsikirjan muodossa joka toimii apuvälineenä Rantatonnin järjestämisen helpottamiseksi tulevaisuudessa. Käsikir-ja on helppolukuinen ja tarkastuslistan muotoinen selityksineen joten kuka tahansa voi ymmärtää tärkeimmät osat Rantatonnin suunnittelusta tulevaisuudessa. Tämän käsikirjan tuottaminen vaati että tapahtuma järjestettiin käytännössä ja että kaikki tapahtumasuun-nitelman osat suoritettiin kuten idea ja tavoite, suunnittelu, suorittaminen ja arviointi. Rantatonni järjestettiin kaksi kertaa ennen kuin lopullinen käsikirja muodostui, 21.9.2014 ja 20.9.2015 Otaniemen urheilupuistossa Espoossa. Vuonna 2014 osallistui 104 lasta ja vuonna 2015 162. Opinnäytetyön teoreettinen osa käsittelee urheilutapahtu-man tapahtumasuunnittelua joka peilataan käytännön toteutuksen prosessikuvausta vas-taan. Teoreettisen osan keskeiset lähteet ovat kirjat Mitä, miksi, kuinka? Käsikirja tapah-tumajärjestäjille jonka on kirjoittanut Iiskola–Kesonen (2006) ja Tapahtuma on tilaisuus jonka ovat kirjoittaneet Vallo ja Häyrinen (2014). Vilkan ja Airaksisen kirja Toiminnal-linen opintonäytetyö (2003) käytetään työn metodin kuvauksessa.This degree thesis is ordered by Espoo Rantamaraton. The purpose of the work is to cre-ate a new activity for the event called Rantatonni directed for children and adolescents. At the same time the purpose is to give Rantamaraton a chance to grow. The new event shall also be a tool to recruit new members to do athletics in the three organizing sport clubs, Esbo Idrottsförening, Espoon Tapiot and Leppävaaran Sisu. The result of this the-sis is a guide that works as a tool to facilitate the organisation of Rantatonni in the future. The guide is easy to read and it is formed as a checklist with explanations so anyone can understand the most important parts of planning Rantatonni. To create this guide it was necessary to arrange the event in praxis and do all parts included in event planning like idea and purpose, planning, doing and evaluating. Rantatonni was arranged twice before the final guide was formed, 21.9.2014 and 20.9.2015 at Otaniemi urheilupuisto in Espoo. 104 children took part in the event in 2014 and 162 in 2015. The theoretical part in this study is based on event planning for sports events and is reflected against the description of the process by the practical achievement. Central references for the theoretical part are the books Mitä, miksi, kuinka? Käsikirja tapahtumajärjestäjille written by Iiskola–Kesonen (2006) and Tapahtuma on tilaisuus written by Vallo & Häyrinen (2014) To de-scribe the method in the study Vilkka & Airaksinens book Toiminnallinen opintonäytetyö (2003) was used

Kalvens utveckling från födsel till produktion

Syfte med detta arbete är att få reda på vilken skötsel som är bäst för kalvens utveckling och hälsa. I arbetet beskrivs olika faktorer som påverkar hurudan mjölkko det blir av kalven. Målet med detta arbete är att få fram de bästa sätten att sköta om kalvar. I arbetet beskrivs kalvens utveckling, utfodring, utrymmes krav, vanligaste sjukdomarna hos kalvar och när kalven blir en kviga. Av dessa faktorer skall det kunna beskriva vilken slags skötsel som är bäst för kalven. För att nå målet i arbetet används kvalitativ forskning och intervju med fyra olika ladugårdsföretagare. Från intervjuerna får man olika synpunkter av fyra olika personer. I arbetet kommer det fram att bra mjölkkor får man av välskötta kalvar. Om kalven har bra utfodring och bra skötsel har den en bra chans att bli en bra mjölkande ko. Det beskrivs också vilka metoder som är mindre bra med tanke på kalvens utveckling och hälsa.Tämän opinnäytetyön tarkoituksena on selvittää, mikä hoito on paras vasikan kehitykselle ja terveydelle. Työssä otetaan huomioon erilaisia tekijöitä, jotka vaikuttavat siihen millainen lehmä vasikasta tulee. Lopputyön tarkoituksena on löytää parhaimpia tapoja hoitaa vasikoita. Siinä kerrotaan vasikan ruokinnasta, tilavaatimuksista, vasikoiden yleisimmistä sairauksista ja milloin vasikasta tulee hieho. Edellä mainittujen aiheiden käsittelystä on tarkoitus saada kuva siitä, minkälainen hoito on vasikalle parasta. Tavoitteen saavuttamiseksi työssä käytetään kvalitatiivista tutkimustapaa ja haastattelu neljän karjanomistajan kanssa. Haastatteluista saadaan selville erilaisia näkemyksiä neljältä eri ihmiseltä. Opinnäytetyöstä selviää, että hyvän lypsylehmän saa hyvin hoidetusta vasikasta. Jos vasikka on hyvin ruokittu ja saanut parasta mahdollista hoitoa, on sillä mahdollisuus tulla hyväksi lypsylehmäksi. Tekstissä kerrotaan myös mitkä hoitotavat johtavat huonon vasikan kehittymiseen.The purpose of this work is to find out which care is best for the calf’s development and health. The work describes various factors that affect what kind of cow you get from the calf. The aim of this work is to find out the best way to handle calves. The work describes calf development, feeding, space requirements, common diseases among calves and describes how a calf becomes a heifer. These factors should describe what care the calf needs. In order to achieve this works goals, qualitative research and interviews will be used in the work. From these interviews, from the interviews you received views from four different people. In the work, it is clear that good dairy cows develop from well-kept calves. If the calf is well fed and well taken care of, it has a good chance to become a good dairy cow. The work also described witch methods are less good considering the development and health of the calf

Supradisciplinary conversations on security, safety and resilience in the river valleys of Sábme – land of the Sámi

Video link of presentation January 31st, 2015. Photos and videos are approved of those that are on the images/videos. All rights reserved! For any kind of publishing beyond this link, please contact [email protected]. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZsLK6Avr0FY Conference link: http://newkirkcenter.uci.edu/2015/01/ Supradisciplinary conversations on security, safety and resilience in the river valleys of Sábme – land of the Sámi   Since 2008 I combine the study of the (perceived) control of rivers through hydropower and the impacts of the hydropower exploitations during the 20th century within Sábme, the land of the indigenous Sámi people. I apply a methodology which I refer to as supradisciplinarity. My own academic field being History of Science and Technology, the method involves collaboration with different academic disciplines, inviting co-researchers from other academic disciplines; amongst other water resource management, political science, and archeology. Furthermore, I integrate knowledges and people outside academia. This approach goes along with the argument by scholar Haraway, about “situated knowledges” and “partial perspectives” in regard to the production of scientific knowledge.[1]  In my interpretation, it also includes the necessity for me as a researcher, and Sámi, to take a stance and not pretend to be “neutral” in front of colonial destructive natural resource exploitation of Indigenous Peoples water- and landscapes. I will describe parts of this work, and the challenges it involves, along with the important work of healing that I find equally important. [1] Donna Haraway, ”Situated knowledges: The Science question in Feminism and the privilege of partial perspective”, Haraway Simians, Cyborgs and Women: The reinvention of Nature (New York, Routledge, 1991), 183-201.  Video link of presentation January 31st, 2015. Photos and videos are approved of those that are on the images/videos. All rights reserved! For any kind of publishing beyond this link, please contact [email protected]. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZsLK6Avr0FYConference link: http://newkirkcenter.uci.edu/2015/01/Rivers, Resistance, Resilience: Sustainable futures in Sápmi and in other Indigenous Peoples' territorie