Field Survey of Part of the Route of the Donji Miholjac-Slobodnica Natural Gas Main in Osijek-Baranja County

U terenskom pregledu dijela trase plinovoda Donji Miholjac-Slobodnica, na području Osječko-baranjske županije, zabilježena su 42 arheološka nalazišta, od kojih je tek manji broj bio poznat, također na osnovi prikupljenih površinskih nalaza. Rezultat terenskog pregleda pokazuje kako su nalazišta ravnomjerno raspoređena duž cijele trase plinovoda, kako u dravskoj ravnici, tako i na pitomim sjevernim brežuljcima Krndije. Otkrivena arheološka nalazišta u najvećem broju pripadaju razdobljima prapovijesti i srednjeg vijeka. Na najvećem broju nalazišta prikupljeni su površinski ulomci keramičkih posuda, opeka i kamenih artefakata koji omogućavaju njihovo okvirno kronološko i kulturološko određenje, dok će tek buduća zaštitna istraživanja preciznije definirati granice samih nalazišta.In a field survey of part of the route of the Donji Miholjac-Slobodnica natural gas main in Osijek Baranja County, 42 archaeological sites were registered (Fig. 1), of which only a smaller number were previously known, principally as a result of collected surface finds (Table 1). The field survey results demonstrate how the sites are evenly distributed along the entire natural gas main’s route: in the Drava valley, as well as the gentle hills of Krndija (Fig. 1). The archaeological sites mostly date to the periods of prehistory and the Middle Ages (Table 1). At most sites, fragments of ceramic vessels, bricks and stone artefacts were collected, which enable their approximate chronological and cultural determination, while future rescue excavations will enable a more precise definition of the boundaries of the sites. Some of the oldest archaeological sites dating from prehistoric times were registered in this region, belonging to the Starčevo culture. In the Bronze and Iron Ages, two cultural groups of different origin were in contact with each other in this territory, and their communication reached its peak in the Late Iron Age as Podravina, settled by Scordiscs and Andizetes, became an area of intense trans-European contact. In Classical Antiquity, an important route passed through Podravina, connecting the south-eastern Alps with the Danube region along one of the most important communication routes, the Poetovio-Mursa road. In the Middle Ages, Podravina and the slopes of Krndija remained important, as indicated by dense settlement, and the documented largest number of registered sites

Field Surveys of the Territories of the Municipalities of Ilok, Lovas and Tovarnik in 2008

Tijekom proljeća i jeseni 2008. godine provedeni su terenski pregledi područja općina Ilok, Lovas i Tovarnik radi otkrivanja novih te dokumentiranja otprije poznatih arheoloških nalazišta na području gornjeg (zapadnog) Srijema. S obzirom da je veći dio ruba visoke, desne obale Dunava u općini Ilok pregledan u jesen 2003. godine, novi su terenski pregledi usmjereni na preostali dio ruba lesne zaravni kao i na prostor koji se nalazi u zaleđu ruba dunavske obale, sve do južnih padina vukovarskog ravnjaka kod Tovarnika. U terenskom pregledu zabilježen je niz novih arheoloških nalazišta iz svih razdoblja, od kojih se pojedina izdvajaju količinama i vrstama nalaza. Kako se radi o poljoprivredno intenzivno obradivom zemljištu, na pojedinim nalazištima potrebno je što prije poduzeti pokusna istraživanja, kako bi se provjerile pretpostavke o kronološkim i stratigrafskim zapažanjima koje počivaju na prikupljenim površinskim nalazima.During the spring and autumn of 2008, a field surveys of the territories of the municipalities of Ilok, Lovas and Tovarnik was conducted with the aim of uncovering new and documenting known archaeological sites in the area of Upper (western) Syrmia. Since the major part of the margin of the high, right bank of the Danube River in the Ilok Municipality was surveyed in the fall of 2003, new field surveys are primarily directed at the remaining part of the margin of the loess plateau, and the area in the hinterland of the Danube bank, up to the southern slopes of the Vukovar plateau near Tovarnik. In the field surveys, a number of new archaeological sites from all periods were registered, out of which some stand out for the quantity and type of finds. A total of 36 archaeological sites were documented, of which most were thus far unknown. The documented large number of archaeological sites is not at all surprising, if we consider the outstanding location of the western slopes of Fruška gora above the Danube and the southern slopes of the Vukovar plateau above the alluvial plain. An important European communication route passed along the margin of the high, right bank of the Danube, along which cultural influences streamed for millennia, connecting the Carpathian Basin in all directions. The border of the Roman Empire passed at the same point, with which a number of Roman sites between Ilok and Bapska are associated. Some of the oldest archaeological sites, dating from prehistoric times and belonging to the Starčevo and Sopot cultures, were registered in this region, while in the Bronze and Iron Ages cultural groups of various origins intermingled here, culminating in the Early Iron Age in numerous direct contacts between the Dalj and the Bosut groups at sites from Vukovar to Ilok. Numerous Late Iron Age sites testify the dense Scordisc population in Upper Syrmia. During Roman domination, Rome’s auxiliary troopers were stationed in the fortress of Cuccium. Near the fortress, a civilian settlement developed, to which smaller settlements and villas situated deeper in the hinterland or along the so-called Limes Road gravitated. The number of collected surface finds suggests dense population during Early and High Middle Ages. As a result of high-quality arable land, the densest population was documented in the Late Middle Ages with numerous, well-connected settlements. The reasons for conducting the field surveys of the municipalities of Ilok, Lovas and Tovarnik were fully justified by the results, with a large number of archaeological sites from all periods documented. Although the results of the field surveys rely upon collected surface finds, most sites can be chronologically and culturally defined. In view of the increasingly intense cultivation of permanent crops, and due to the development of infrastructure, this surveys needs to be continued in order to produce a map of archaeological sites in Upper Syrmia, an area with the largest number of sites in Northern Croatia. Also, since the land is subject to intensive agriculture, individual sites need to be test excavate as soon as possible in order to examine hypotheses regarding chronological and stratigraphic observations, which now rest on the collected surface finds

Results of Excavations of the Prehistoric cemetery in Belišće-Zagajci I Cemetery in 2008

U jesen 2008. godine provedena su pokusna arheološka istraživanja nalazišta Belišće-Zagajci I-II, na kojem su 1992. godine prikupljeni nalazi koji su ukazivali na postojanje groblja iz starijeg željeznog doba. Tipološko-kronološka analiza nalaza pokazala je kako se vjerojatno radi o predmetima iz uništenog ženskog kosturnog groba koji se može pripisati južnopanonskoj kasnohalštatskoj skupini, rasprostranjenoj između rijeka Kapos i Save, od sredine 6. st. pr. Kr. sve do keltskog naseljavanja krajem 4. st. pr. Kr. U istraživanjima 2008. godine na položaju Belišće-Zagajci I pronađena su dva paljevinska groba s prijelaza kasnog brončanog na starije željezno doba, dok mlađi prapovijesni grobovi nisu pronađeni.In autumn 2008, a test excavation was conducted on the Belišće-Zagajci I-II site, where in 1992 finds were collected that indicated the existence of an Early Iron Age cemetery. The typological and chronological analysis of finds indicate that we are dealing with artefacts from a destroyed skeletal burial of a woman that may be attributed to the south Pannonian Late Hallstatt group, found between the Kapos and Sava Rivers from the mid-sixth century BC to the Celtic settlement at the end of the fourth century BC. During excavations of the Belišće-Zagajci I site in 2008, two incineration burials dated to the transition from the Late Bronze Age to the Early Iron Age were excavated, while no later prehistoric burial sites were found. These are burials in which the incinerated remains of the deceased were laid in ceramic vessels – pots functioning as urns. The urns were covered with bowls and laid in oval grave pits. On the basis of typological and chronological analysis of ceramic vessels, the burials could have been assigned to the later stage of the Urnfield culture, i.e. the transition to the Early Iron Age. In this period, the Dalj group was settled in the territory of Eastern Slavonia and Baranja; the Dalj group’s western border has not yet been defined, and in Podravina only several sites (Nova Bukovica, Delovi near Koprivnica, Sveti Petar Ludbreški) from this period were registered, still of uncertain cultural origin. That is why the results of the excavation of the prehistoric cemetery in Belišće-Zagajci I are the more important, although it is a pity for proto-historic archaeolog y that the excavations were not conducted earlier, at the time when finds from the skeletal burial were excavated, dated in the first half of the fourth century BC, since at the time a larger number of burials from the Late Bronze Age would have been found

Revenue maximization in the dynamic knapsack problem

We analyze maximization of revenue in the dynamic and stochastic knapsack problem where a given capacity needs to be allocated by a given deadline to sequentially arriving agents. Each agent is described by a two-dimensional type that reflects his capacity requirement and his willingness to pay per unit of capacity. Types are private information. We first characterize implementable policies. Then we solve the revenue maximization problem for the special case where there is private information about per-unit values, but capacity needs are observable. After that we derive two sets of additional conditions on the joint distribution of values and weights under which the revenue maximizing policy for the case with observable weights is implementable, and thus optimal also for the case with two-dimensional private information. In particular, we investigate the role of concave continuation revenues for implementation. We also construct a simple policy for which per-unit prices vary with requested weight but not with time, and prove that it is asymptotically revenue maximizing when available capacity/ time to the deadline both go to infinity. This highlights the importance of nonlinear as opposed to dynamic pricing.Knapsack, revenue maximization, dynamic mechanism design

Results of the Excavations of the La Tène Cemetery in Zvonimirovo-Veliko polje Cemetery in 2008

Zaštitna arheološka istraživanja groblja latenske kulture Zvonimirovo-Veliko polje nastavljena su 2008. godine na sjevernom dijelu uzvisine, gdje je pronađeno šest paljevinskih grobova koji se na osnovi brojnih priloga mogu pripisati mokronoškoj skupini latenske kulture, odnosno njezinom Mokronog IIB stupnju. Posebno se izdvaja nalaz dvojnog groba LT 74 s prilozima naoružanja keltskog ratnika i predmetima ženske nošnje te nalaz cjelovito očuvane staklene narukvice u grobu LT 70. Dio grobova djelomice je uništen intenzivnom obradom zemljišta, što ukazuje na potrebu istraživanja vrha sjevernog dijela uzvisine u cijelosti, kako bi se dokumentirali preostali grobovi.Archaeological rescue excavations of the La Tène cemetery Zvonimirovo-Veliko polje continued in 2008 in the northern part of the elevation, where six incineration graves (LT 69-LT 74) were found. Particularly worth mentioning is the find of a double grave LT 74 containing a Celtic warrior’s weapons and parts of a woman’s attire as burial goods (Fig 3). A whole glass armring made of colourless glass with a yellow foil on the inside, belonging to series 25, in grave LT 70 (Fig. 1) is an extraordinarily significant find. Also, among the pottery objects, a kantharos on a foot from grave LT 73 stands out, with two moulded, ribbonshaped handles, decorated with concentric circles motifs, connected with arch made of sequences of small imprints (Fig.2). The finds from graves LT 69-LT 74, situated in the northern part of the cemetery, can be dated to the older stage of LT C2 (Mokronog IIB), i.e. the late third and first half of the second centuries BC, which corresponds to the understanding of burial rites in that part of the cemetery thus far. Since a part of the graves is partially destroyed due to intense soil cultivation, it is necessary to continue excavations at the northern part of the elevation

Italian Policies Toward Croatians In Occupied Territories During The Second World War

The author is focused on the Italian mistreatment of Croatian population during the period of Italian military occupation of Croatian lands on the Eastern Adriatic. He also pointed out that Italian occupiers did not hesitate to commit war crimes in order to transform occupied territories into ethnic Italian territories

Italian Policies Toward Croatians In Occupied Territories During The Second World War

The author is focused on the Italian mistreatment of Croatian population during the period of Italian military occupation of Croatian lands on the Eastern Adriatic. He also pointed out that Italian occupiers did not hesitate to commit war crimes in order to transform occupied territories into ethnic Italian territories