11 research outputs found
Changes in Principal Caregiver Mood Affects the Mood of the Parkinsonâs Disease Patient: The Vicious Cycle of Illness
Caregiver; Parkinsonâs disease; Quality of lifeCuidador; Malaltia de Parkinson; Qualitat de vida.Cuidador; Enfermedad de Parkinson; Calidad de vidaThe aim of this study was to analyze how the change in the caregiverâs status influences PD patients. PD patients and their caregivers who were recruited from January/2016 to November/2017 from 35 centersin Spain from the COPPADIS cohort were included in the study (V0). They were evaluated again at 2-year follow-up(V2). Caregivers completed the Zarit Caregiver Burden Inventory (ZCBI), Caregiver Strain Index (CSI), Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), and EUROHIS-QOL 8-item index (EUROHIS-QOL8) at V0 and V2. Multivariate models were used to analyze the impact of the change from V0 to V2 (_) on the caregiverâs status over the change in the patientâs status. BDI-II and _EUROHIS-QOL8 in the caregiver predicted _BDI-II (_ = 0.32; p < 0.0001; R2 = 0.71) and _EUROHIS-QOL8 (_ = 0.39; p < 0.0001; R2 = 0.68) in the patient, respectively. Variables related to the caregiver were not associated with changes in the patientÂŽs health-related QoL (_PDQ-39 [39-item Parkinsonâs disease Questionnaire]) or autonomy for activities of daily-living (_ADLS [Schwab & England Activities of Daily Living Scale]). The change in the caregiverâs mood and global QoL was associated with the change in the patientâs mood and global QoL, respectively, independently of other variables of the disease influencing both patientÂŽs aspects. Based on this finding, it could be of great importance to detect depression in the principal caregiver of a patient and act on it as earlier as possible.COPPADIS and the present study were developed with the help of FundaciĂłn Española de Ayuda a la InvestigaciĂłn en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas y/o de Origen GenĂ©tico (https://fundaciondegen.org/) and Alpha Bioresearch (www.alphabioresearch.com). Also, we received grants from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness [PI16/01575] co-founded by ISCIII (ConcesiĂłn de subvenciones de Proyectos de InvestigaciĂłn en Salud de la convocatoria 2020 de la AcciĂłn EstratĂ©gica en Salud 2017-2020 por el Proyecto âPROGRESIĂN NO MOTORA E IMPACTO EN LA CALIDAD DE VIDA EN LA ENFERMEDAD DE PARKINSONâ) to develop a part of the COPPADIS project
Prevalence and Factors Associated with Drooling in Parkinsonâs Disease: Results from a Longitudinal Prospective Cohort and Comparison with a Control Group
Prevalence; Drooling; Parkinson's diseasePrevalencia; Babeo; Enfermedad de parkinsonPrevalĂšncia; Babeig; Malaltia de parkinsonIntroduction. Drooling in Parkinsonâs disease (PD) is frequent but often goes underrecognized. Our aim was to examine the prevalence of drooling in a PD cohort and compare it with a control group. Specifically, we identified factors associated with drooling and conducted subanalyses in a subgroup of very early PD patients. Patients and Methods. PD patients who were recruited from January 2016 to November 2017 (baseline visit; V0) and evaluated again at a 2-yearâ±â30-day follow-up (V2) from 35 centers in Spain from the COPPADIS cohort were included in this longitudinal prospective study. Subjects were classified as with or without drooling according to item 19 of the NMSS (Nonmotor Symptoms Scale) at V0, V1 (1-yearâ±â15âdays), and V2 for patients and at V0 and V2 for controls. Results. The frequency of drooling in PD patients was 40.1% (277/691) at V0 (2.4% (5/201) in controls; â<â0.0001), 43.7% (264/604) at V1, and 48.2% (242/502) at V2 (3.2% (4/124) in controls; â<â0.0001), with a period prevalence of 63.6% (306/481). Being older (ORâ=â1.032; â=â0.012), being male (ORâ=â2.333; â<â0.0001), having greater nonmotor symptom (NMS) burden at the baseline (NMSS total score at V0; ORâ=â1.020; â<â0.0001), and having a greater increase in the NMS burden from V0 to V2 (change in the NMSS total score from V0 to V2; ORâ=â1.012; â<â0.0001) were identified as independent predictors of drooling after the 2-year follow-up. Similar results were observed in the group of patients with â€2âyears since symptom onset, with a cumulative prevalence of 64.6% and a higher score on the UPDRS-III at V0 (ORâ=â1.121; â=â0.007) as a predictor of drooling at V2. Conclusion. Drooling is frequent in PD patients even at the initial onset of the disease and is associated with a greater motor severity and NMS burden.COPPADIS and the present study were developed with the help of FundaciĂłn Española de Ayuda a la InvestigaciĂłn en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas y/o de Origen GenĂ©tico (https://fundaciondegen.org/) and Alpha Bioresearch (https://www.alphabioresearch.com). Also, The authors received grants from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness [PI16/01575] co-founded by ISCIII (ConcesiĂłn de subvenciones de Proyectos de InvestigaciĂłn en Salud de la convocatoria 2020 de la AcciĂłn EstratĂ©gica en Salud 2017â2020 por el proyecto âPROGRESIĂN NO MOTORA E IMPACTO EN LA CALIDAD DE VIDA EN LA ENFERMEDAD DE PARKINSONâ) to develop a part of the COPPADIS project. The authors would like to thank all patients and their caregivers who collaborated in this study. They would also like to thank FundaciĂłn Española de Ayuda a la InvestigaciĂłn en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas y/o de Origen GenĂ©tico (https://fundaciondegen.org/) and Alpha Bioresearch (https://www.alphabioresearch.com) and other institutions for helping them
Staging Parkinsonâs disease according to the MNCD classification correlates with caregiver burden
Malaltia de Parkinson; Cuidador; SĂmptomes no motorsParkinson's disease; Caregiver; Non-motor symptomsEnfermedad de Parkinson; Cuidador; SĂntomas no motoresBackground and objective: Recently, we demonstrated that staging Parkinson's disease (PD) with a novel simple classification called MNCD, based on four axes (motor, non-motor, cognition, and dependency) and five stages, correlated with disease severity and patientsâ quality of life. Here, we analyzed the correlation of MNCD staging with PD caregiver's status. Patients and methods: Data from the baseline visit of PD patients and their principal caregiver recruited from 35 centers in Spain from the COPPADIS cohort from January 2016 to November 2017 were used to apply the MNCD total score (from 0 to 12) and MNCD stages (from 1 to 5) in this cross-sectional analysis. Caregivers completed the Zarit Caregiver Burden Inventory (ZCBI), Caregiver Strain Index (CSI), Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), PQ-10, and EUROHIS-QOL 8-item index (EUROHIS-QOL8). Results: Two hundred and twenty-four PD patients (63 ± 9.6 years old; 61.2% males) and their caregivers (58.5 ± 12.1 years old; 67.9% females) were included. The frequency of MNCD stages was 1, 7.6%; 2, 58.9%; 3, 31.3%; and 4â5, 2.2%. A more advanced MNCD stage was associated with a higher score on the ZCBI (p < .0001) and CSI (p < .0001), and a lower score on the PQ-10 (p = .001), but no significant differences were observed in the BDI-II (p = .310) and EUROHIS-QOL8 (p = .133). Moderate correlations were observed between the MNCD total score and the ZCBI (r = .496; p < .0001), CSI (r = .433; p < .0001), and BDI-II (r = .306; p < .0001) in caregivers.Conclusion: Staging PD according to the MNCD classification is correlated with caregiversâ strain and burden.FundaciĂłn Española de Ayuda a la InvestigaciĂłn en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas y/o de Origen GenĂ©tico; Alpha Bioresearch; Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, Grant/Award Number: PI16/0157
Staging Parkinsonâs Disease According to the MNCD (Motor/Non-motor/Cognition/Dependency) Classification Correlates with Disease Severity and Quality of Life
Background: Recently, a novel simple classification called MNCD, based on 4 axes (Motor; Non-motor; Cognition; Dependency) and 5 stages, has been proposed to classify Parkinson's disease (PD). Objective: Our aim was to apply the MNCD classification in a cohort of PD patients for the first time and also to analyze the correlation with quality of life (QoL) and disease severity. Methods: Data from the baseline visit of PD patients recruited from 35 centers in Spain from the COPPADIS cohort from January 2016 to November 2017 were used to apply the MNCD classification. Three instruments were used to assess QoL: 1) the 39-item Parkinson's disease Questionnaire [PDQ-39]); PQ-10; the EUROHIS-QOL 8-item index (EUROHIS-QOL8). Results: Four hundred and thirty-nine PD patients (62.05 +/- 7.84 years old; 59% males) were included. MNCD stage was: stage 1, 8.4% (N = 37); stage 2, 62% (N = 272); stage 3, 28.2% (N = 124); stage 4-5, 1.4% (N = 6). A more advanced MNCD stage was associated with a higher score on the PDQ39SI (p < 0.0001) and a lower score on the PQ-10 (p < 0.0001) and EUROHIS-QOL8 (p < 0.0001). In many other aspects of the disease, such as disease duration, levodopa equivalent daily dose, motor symptoms, non-motor symptoms, and autonomy for activities of daily living, an association between the stage and severity was observed, with data indicating a progressive worsening related to disease progression throughout the proposed stages. Conclusion: Staging PD according to the MNCD classification correlated with QoL and disease severity. The MNCD could be a proper tool to monitor the progression of PD
Staging Parkinsonâs Disease According to the MNCD (Motor/Non-motor/Cognition/Dependency) Classification Correlates with Disease Severity and Quality of Life
© 2023 â The authors. Published by IOS Press. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms
of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License (CC BY-NC 4.0).Background: Recently, a novel simple classification called MNCD, based on 4 axes (Motor; Non-motor; Cognition; Dependency) and 5 stages, has been proposed to classify Parkinson's disease (PD).Objective: Our aim was to apply the MNCD classification in a cohort of PD patients for the first time and also to analyze the correlation with quality of life (QoL) and disease severity.Methods: Data from the baseline visit of PD patients recruited from 35 centers in Spain from the COPPADIS cohort fromJanuary 2016 to November 2017 were used to apply the MNCD classification. Three instruments were used to assess QoL:1) the 39-item Parkinson's disease Questionnaire [PDQ-39]); PQ-10; the EUROHIS-QOL 8-item index (EUROHIS-QOL8).Results: Four hundred and thirty-nine PD patients (62.05±7.84 years old; 59% males) were included. MNCD stage was:stage 1, 8.4% (N = 37); stage 2, 62% (N = 272); stage 3, 28.2% (N = 124); stage 4-5, 1.4% (N = 6). A more advancedMNCD stage was associated with a higher score on the PDQ39SI (p < 0.0001) and a lower score on the PQ-10 (p< 0.0001) and EUROHIS-QOL8 (p< 0.0001). In many other aspects of the disease, such as disease duration, levodopa equivalent daily dose, motor symptoms, non-motor symptoms, and autonomy for activities of daily living, an association between the stage and severity was observed, with data indicating a progressive worsening related to disease progression throughout the proposed stages.Conclusion: Staging PD according to the MNCD classification correlated with QoL and disease severity. The MNCD could be a proper tool to monitor the progression of PD.COPPADIS and the present study were developed with the help of FundaciĂłn Española de Ayuda a la InvestigaciĂłn en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas y/o de Origen GenĂ©tico (https://fundaciondegen.org/) and Alpha Bioresearch (www.alphabioresearch.com). Also, we received grants from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness [PI16/01575] co-founded by ISCIII (ConcesiĂłn de subvenciones de Proyectos de InvestigaciĂłn en Salud de la convocatoria 2020 de la AcciĂłn EstratĂ©gica en Salud 2017-2020 por el Proyecto âPROGRESION NO MOTORA E IMPACTO EN LA CALIDAD DE VIDA EN LA ENFERMEDAD DE PARKINSONâ) to develop a part of the COPPADIS project.Peer reviewe
Staging Parkinson's Disease According to the MNCD (Motor/Non-motor/Cognition/Dependency) Classification Correlates with Disease Severity and Quality of Life
Recently, a novel simple classification called MNCD, based on 4 axes (Motor; Non-motor; Cognition; Dependency) and 5 stages, has been proposed to classify Parkinson's disease (PD). Our aim was to apply the MNCD classification in a cohort of PD patients for the first time and also to analyze the correlation with quality of life (QoL) and disease severity. Data from the baseline visit of PD patients recruited from 35 centers in Spain from the COPPADIS cohort fromJanuary 2016 to November 2017 were used to apply the MNCD classification. Three instruments were used to assess QoL:1) the 39-item Parkinson's disease Questionnaire [PDQ-39]); PQ-10; the EUROHIS-QOL 8-item index (EUROHIS-QOL8). Four hundred and thirty-nine PD patients (62.05±7.84 years old; 59% males) were included. MNCD stage was:stage 1, 8.4% (N = 37); stage 2, 62% (N = 272); stage 3, 28.2% (N = 124); stage 4-5, 1.4% (N = 6). A more advancedMNCD stage was associated with a higher score on the PDQ39SI (p < 0.0001) and a lower score on the PQ-10 (p< 0.0001) and EUROHIS-QOL8 (p< 0.0001). In many other aspects of the disease, such as disease duration, levodopa equivalent daily dose, motor symptoms, non-motor symptoms, and autonomy for activities of daily living, an association between the stage and severity was observed, with data indicating a progressive worsening related to disease progression throughout the proposed stages. Staging PD according to the MNCD classification correlated with QoL and disease severity. The MNCD could be a proper tool to monitor the progression of PD
Predictors of the change in burden, strain, mood, and quality of life among caregivers of Parkinson's disease patients
[Background and Objective] Caregiver burden in Parkinson's disease (PD) has been studied in many cross-sectional studies but poorly in longitudinal ones. The aim of the present study was to analyze the change in burden, strain, mood, and quality of life (QoL) after a 2-year follow-up in a cohort of caregivers of patients with PD and also to identify predictors of these changes.[Patients and Methods] PD patients and their caregivers who were recruited from January/2016 to November/2017 from 35 centers of Spain from the COPPADIS cohort were included in the study. They were evaluated again at 2-year follow-up. Caregivers completed the Zarit Caregiver Burden Inventory (ZCBI), Caregiver Strain Index (CSI), Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), and EUROHIS-QOL 8-item index (EUROHIS-QOL8) at baseline (V0) and at 2-year follow-up (V2). General linear model repeated measure and lineal regression models were applied.[Results] Significant changes, indicating an impairment, were detected on the total score of the ZCBI (p < 0.0001), CSI (p < 0.0001), BDI-II (p = 0.024), and EUROHIS-QOL8 (p = 0.002) in 192 PD caregivers (58.82 ± 11.71 years old; 69.3% were females). Mood impairment (BDI-II; ÎČ = 0.652; p < 0.0001) in patients from V0 to V2 was the strongest factor associated with caregiver's mood impairment after the 2-year follow-up. Caregiver's mood impairment was the strongest factor associated with an increase from V0 to V2 on the total score of the ZCBI (ÎČ = 0.416; p < 0.0001), CSI (ÎČ = 0.277; p = 0.001), and EUROHIS-QOL (ÎČ = 0.397; p = 0.002).[Conclusion] Burden, strain, mood, and QoL were impaired in caregivers of PD patients after a 2-year follow-up. Mood changes in both the patient and the caregiver are key aspects related to caregiver burden increase.Santos GarcĂa D. has received honoraria for educational presentations and advice service by Abbvie, UCB Pharma, Lundbeck, KRKA, Zambon, Bial, Italfarmaco, and Teva. De Deus Fonticoba T.: None. Cores BartolomĂ© C. has received honoraria for educational presentations and advice service by Lundbeck and UCB Pharma. Ăñiguez Alvarado MC: None. Feal Painceiras M. J.: None. MartĂnez MirĂł C.: None. SuĂĄrez Castro E.: None. Canfield H.: None. JesĂșs S. has received honoraria from AbbVie, Bial, Merz, UCB, and Zambon and holds the competitive contract âJuan RodĂ©sâ supported by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III. She has received grants from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (PI18/01898) and the ConsejerĂa de Salud de la Junta de AndalucĂa (PI-0459-2018). Aguilar M.: UCB and Schwabe with assistance to a Congress; Nutricia with assistance to a Congress and payment of lecture. Pastor P.: None. Planellas LL.: None. Cosgaya M.: None. GarcĂa Caldentey J. has received honoraria for educational presentations and advice service by Qualigen, Nutricia, Abbvie, Italfarmaco, UCB Pharma, Lundbeck, Zambon, Bial, and Teva. Caballol N. has received honoraria from Bial, ItalfĂĄrmaco, Qualigen, Zambon, UCB, Teva and KRKA and sponsorship from Zambon, TEVA and Abbvie for attending medical conferences. Legarda I. has received honoraria for educational presentations and advice service by Abbvie, UCB Pharma, Zambon, Bial, and Teva. HernĂĄndez Vara J. has received travel bursaries and educational grants from Abbvie and has received honoraria for educational presentations from Abbvie, Teva, Bial, Zambon, Italfarmaco, and Sanofi-Genzyme. Cabo I. has received honoraria for educational presentations and advice service by Abbvie, Zambon, and Bial. LĂłpez Manzanares L.: Compensated advisory services, consulting, research grant support, or speaker honoraria: AbbVie, Acorda, Bial, Intec Pharma, Italfarmaco, Pfizer, Roche, Teva, UCB, and Zambon. GonzĂĄlez Aramburu I.: None. Ăvila Rivera MA. has received honoraria from Zambon, UCB Pharma, Qualigen, Bial, and Teva, and sponsorship from Zambon and Teva for attending conferences. GĂłmez Mayordomo V.: None. Nogueira V.: None. Puente V. has served as consultant for Abbvie and Zambon; has received grant/research from Abbvie. Dotor GarcĂa-Soto J.: Compensated advisory services, consulting, research grant support, or speaker honoraria: Merck, Sanofi-Genzyme, Allergan, Biogen, Roche, UCB and Novartis. BorruĂ© C.: None. Solano Vila B. has received honoraria for educational presentations and advice service by UCB, Zambon, Teva, Abbvie, Bial. Ălvarez Sauco M. has received honoraria for educational presentations and advice service by Abbvie, UCB Pharma, Zambon, Bial, and Teva. Vela L. has received honoraria for educational presentations and advice service by Abbvie, UCB Pharma, Lundbeck, KRKA, Zambon, Bial, and Teva. Escalante S. has received honoraria for educational presentations and advice service by Abbvie, Zambon, and Bial. Cubo E.: Travel grants: Abbvie, Allergan, Boston; Lecturing honoraria: Abbvie, International Parkinson's disease Movement Disorder Society. Carrillo Padilla F. has received honoraria from Zambon (SEN Congress assistance). MartĂnez Castrillo JC. has received research support from Lundbeck, Italfarmaco, Allergan, Zambon, Merz, and Abbvie. He has received speaking honoraria from AbbVie, Bial, Italfarmaco, Lundbeck, Krka, TEVA, UCB, Zambon, Allergan, Ipsen, and Merz. SĂĄnchez Alonso P. has received honoraria for educational presentations and advice service by Abbvie, UCB Pharma, Lundbeck, KRKA, Zambon, Bial, and Teva. Alonso Losada M. G. has received honoraria for educational presentations and advice service by Zambon and Bial. LĂłpez Ariztegui N. has received honoraria for educational presentations and advice service by Abbvie, Italfarmaco, Zambon, and Bial. GastĂłn I. has received research support from Abbvie and Zambon and has served as a consultant for Abbvie, Exelts, and Zambon. Kulisevsky J.: (1) Consulting fees: Roche, Zambon; (2) Stock/allotment: No; (3) Patent royalties/licensing fees: No; (4) Honoraria (e.g. lecture fees): Zambon, Teva, Bial, UCB; (5) Fees for promotional materials: No; (6) Research funding: Roche, Zambon, Ciberned; Instituto de Salud Carlos III; FundaciĂłLa MaratĂłde TV3; (7) Scholarship from corporation: No; (8) Corporate laboratory funding: No; (9) Others (e.g., trips, travel, or gifts): No. BlĂĄzquez Estrada M. has received honoraria for educational presentations and advice service by Abbvie, Abbott, UCB Pharma, Allergan, Zambon, Bial, and Qualigen. Seijo M. has received honoraria for educational services from KRKA, UCB, Zambon, Bial; travel grants from Daiichi and Roche. Ruiz MartĂnez J. has received honoraria for educational presentations, attending medical conferences, and advice service by Abbvie, UCB Pharma, Zambon, Italfarmaco, Bial, and Teva. Valero C. has received honoraria for educational services from Zambon, Abbvie and UCB. Kurtis M. has received honoraria from Bial, the Spanish Neurology Society, and the International and Movement Disorders Society. de FĂĄbregues O. has received honoraria for educational presentations and advice service by Bial, Zambon, Abbvie, KRKA, and Teva. GonzĂĄlez Ardura J. has received honoraria for speking from italofarma, Krka, Genzyme, UCB, Esteve, Psyma iberica marketing research SL and Ferrer, course grant from Teva and travel grant from Merck. Alonso Redondo R.: None. OrdĂĄs C.: None. LĂłpez DĂaz L. M. has received honoraria from UCB, Lundbeck, and KRKA. McAfee D.: None. MartĂnez-Martin P. has received honoraria from National School of Public Health (ISCIII), Editorial Viguera and Takeda Pharmaceuticals for lecturing in courses, and from the International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society (MDS) for management of the Program on Rating Scales. Mir P. has received honoraria from AbbVie, Abbott, Allergan, Bial, Merz, UCB, and Zambon and have received grants from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness [PI16/01575] co-founded by ISCIII (SubdirecciĂłn General de EvaluaciĂłn y Fomento de la InvestigaciĂłn) and by Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER), the ConsejerĂa de EconomĂa, InnovaciĂłn, Ciencia y Empleo de la Junta de AndalucĂa [CVI-02526, CTS-7685], the ConsejerĂa de Salud y Bienestar Social de la Junta de AndalucĂa [ PI-0437-2012, PI-0471-2013], the Sociedad Andaluza de NeurologĂa, the Jacques and Gloria Gossweiler Foundation, the FundaciĂłn Alicia Koplowitz, the FundaciĂłn Mutua Madrileña.Peer reviewe
Staging Parkinson's disease according to the MNCD classification correlates with caregiver burden
Abstract Background and objective Recently, we demonstrated that staging Parkinson's disease (PD) with a novel simple classification called MNCD, based on four axes (motor, nonâmotor, cognition, and dependency) and five stages, correlated with disease severity and patientsâ quality of life. Here, we analyzed the correlation of MNCD staging with PD caregiver's status. Patients and methods Data from the baseline visit of PD patients and their principal caregiver recruited from 35 centers in Spain from the COPPADIS cohort from January 2016 to November 2017 were used to apply the MNCD total score (from 0 to 12) and MNCD stages (from 1 to 5) in this crossâsectional analysis. Caregivers completed the Zarit Caregiver Burden Inventory (ZCBI), Caregiver Strain Index (CSI), Beck Depression InventoryâII (BDIâII), PQâ10, and EUROHISâQOL 8âitem index (EUROHISâQOL8). Results Two hundred and twentyâfour PD patients (63 ± 9.6 years old; 61.2% males) and their caregivers (58.5 ± 12.1 years old; 67.9% females) were included. The frequency of MNCD stages was 1, 7.6%; 2, 58.9%; 3, 31.3%; and 4â5, 2.2%. A more advanced MNCD stage was associated with a higher score on the ZCBI (p < .0001) and CSI (p < .0001), and a lower score on the PQâ10 (p = .001), but no significant differences were observed in the BDIâII (p = .310) and EUROHISâQOL8 (p = .133). Moderate correlations were observed between the MNCD total score and the ZCBI (r = .496; p < .0001), CSI (r = .433; p < .0001), and BDIâII (r = .306; p < .0001) in caregivers. Conclusion Staging PD according to the MNCD classification is correlated with caregiversâ strain and burden
Suicidal ideation among people with Parkinson's disease and comparison with a control group
[Background] Detection of suicidal ideation (SI) is key for trying to prevent suicide. The aim of this study was to analyze the frequency of SI and related factors in Spanish people with Parkinson's Disease (PwPD) and to compare them with a control group.[Methods] PD patients and controls recruited from the Spanish cohort COPPADIS from January 2016 to November 2017 were included. Two visits were conducted: V0 (baseline); V2 (2-year ± 1 month follow-up). SI was defined as a score â„1 on item nine of the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II). Regression analyses were conducted to identify factors related to SI.[Results] At baseline, 693 PwPD (60.2% males; 62.59 ± 8.91 years old) and 207 controls (49.8% males; 60.99 ± 8.32 years old) were included. No differences between PwPD and controls were detected in SI frequency at either V0 (5.1% [35/693] vs. 4.3% [9/207]; p = 0.421) or at V2 (5.1% [26/508] vs. 4.8% [6/125]; p = 0.549). Major depression (MD) and a worse quality of life were associated with SI at both visits in PwPD: V0 (MD, OR = 5.63; p = 0.003; PDQ-39, OR = 1.06; p = 0.021); V2 (MD, OR = 4.75; p = 0.027; EUROHIS-QOL8, OR = 0.22; p = 0.006). A greater increase in the BDI-II total score from V0 to V2 was the only factor predicting SI at V2 (OR = 1.21; p = 0.002) along with an increase in the total number of non-antiparkinsonian drugs (OR = 1.39; p = 0.041).[Conclusion] The frequency of SI (5%) in PwPD was similar to in controls. Depression, a worse quality of life, and a greater comorbidity were related to SI.COPPADIS and the present study were developed with the help of FundaciĂłn Española de Ayuda a la InvestigaciĂłn en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas y/o de Origen GenĂ©tico (https://fundaciondegen.org/) and Alpha Bioresearch (www.alphabioresearch.com). Also, we received grants from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness [PI16/01575] co-founded by ISCIII (ConcesiĂłn de subvenciones de Proyectos de InvestigaciĂłn en Salud de la convocatoria 2020 de la AcciĂłn EstratĂ©gica en Salud 2017â2020 por el Proyecto âPROGRESIĂN NO MOTORA E IMPACTO EN LA CALIDAD DE VIDA EN LA ENFERMEDAD DE PARKINSONâ) to develop a part of the COPPADIS project.Peer reviewe
Prevalence and Factors Associated with Drooling in Parkinsonâs Disease: Results from a Longitudinal Prospective Cohort and Comparison with a Control Group
Introduction. Drooling in Parkinsonâs disease (PD) is frequent but often goes underrecognized. Our aim was to examine the prevalence of drooling in a PD cohort and compare it with a control group. Specifically, we identified factors associated with drooling and conducted subanalyses in a subgroup of very early PD patients. Patients and Methods. PD patients who were recruited from January 2016 to November 2017 (baseline visit; V0) and evaluated again at a 2-yearâ±â30-day follow-up (V2) from 35 centers in Spain from the COPPADIS cohort were included in this longitudinal prospective study. Subjects were classified as with or without drooling according to item 19 of the NMSS (Nonmotor Symptoms Scale) at V0, V1 (1-yearâ±â15âdays), and V2 for patients and at V0 and V2 for controls. Results. The frequency of drooling in PD patients was 40.1% (277/691) at V0 (2.4% (5/201) in controls; pâ<â0.0001), 43.7% (264/604) at V1, and 48.2% (242/502) at V2 (3.2% (4/124) in controls; pâ<â0.0001), with a period prevalence of 63.6% (306/481). Being older (ORâ=â1.032; pâ=â0.012), being male (ORâ=â2.333; pâ<â0.0001), having greater nonmotor symptom (NMS) burden at the baseline (NMSS total score at V0; ORâ=â1.020; pâ<â0.0001), and having a greater increase in the NMS burden from V0 to V2 (change in the NMSS total score from V0 to V2; ORâ=â1.012; pâ<â0.0001) were identified as independent predictors of drooling after the 2-year follow-up. Similar results were observed in the group of patients with â€2âyears since symptom onset, with a cumulative prevalence of 64.6% and a higher score on the UPDRS-III at V0 (ORâ=â1.121; pâ=â0.007) as a predictor of drooling at V2. Conclusion. Drooling is frequent in PD patients even at the initial onset of the disease and is associated with a greater motor severity and NMS burden