1,266 research outputs found
TECHNICAL BACKGROUND OF GLOBALIZATION
The technological development is a kind of constraint and
considering this fact
is vital in terms of the globalization processes studied. In the past fifty
years close relations have been developed between science and technology.
The other driving force is the change of the relation between consumers and
the industry. The accelerating technical development of the last fifty years
did not refer to national boundaries. Technology, along with the scientific
development that preceded it, will not remain within the national borders,
but it will disseminate and will take along the cultural background needed
for its usage. Economic and political globalization is based on this
process. Technology-based globalization, in its wider sense, will take place
anyway. Its extent and nature depend on the economic and political methods
and efforts. Fighting against technical globalization is like tilting at
windmills, through which you lose the chance to ensure an appropriate place
for yourself in the globalizing world
The Parliamentary Commissioner for Future Generations of Hungary and his Impact
The Parliamentary Commissioner for Future Generations of Hungary is a fairly new and unique institution that was established in 2008. The Commissioner is provided with strong and very specific competences and powers to protect the interests of future generations. The publication of his first annual report1 to Parliament is a great opportunity to assess the effectiveness of the tools he can apply to facilitate intergenerational equity
The role of foreign capital and multinational companies and their effect on economy in Hungary
Presence of the international companies, alien properties, and the foreign capital in Hungary is under a wide social debate. It is the foreign capital which established Hungary's long-range development and this capital will significantly influence it in the future, too. After the political transformation reintegration into the world economy, establishment of market economy and modernization of the economic structure realized by foreign investments implied an outstanding potential for further development. However, by today the capital drawing ability of Eastern Europe, and Hungary has declined as a result of which adaption to the new situation, reversal of this trend, our ability to keep the capital, and giving the chance to companies in home property all are of stressed importance
A globĂĄlis pĂ©nzĂŒgyi központok vilĂĄggazdasĂĄgi szerepĂ©nek vĂĄltozĂĄsai (The changing role of global financial centres in the world economy)
A pĂ©nzĂŒgyi központok jelentĆs mĂ©rtĂ©kben hozzĂĄjĂĄrulhatnak a bankok nemzetköziesedĂ©sĂ©hez. A vilĂĄggazdasĂĄg törtĂ©nete sorĂĄn mĂĄr Ă©vszĂĄzadokkal ezelĆtt lĂ©trejött a nemzetközi pĂ©nzĂŒgyi központok többsĂ©ge, amelyek szerepe Ă©s sĂșlya folytonosan vĂĄltozott. A vezetĆ globĂĄlis pĂ©nzĂŒgyi központokban ĂĄltalĂĄban mindenfĂ©le pĂ©nzĂŒgyi mƱvelet vĂ©grehajthatĂł, intenzĂven egy helyre koncentrĂĄlĂłdnak a pĂ©nzĂŒgyi-ĂŒzleti mƱveletek Ă©s tranzakciĂłk. Az 1990-es Ă©vekre mĂ©g jellemzĆ globĂĄlis triĂĄd â amit New York, London Ă©s TokiĂł alkotott â napjainkra mĂĄr megszƱnt. A globĂĄlis pĂ©nzĂŒgyi központok szerepĂ©t a 2010-es Ă©vekben London Ă©s New York kĂ©pes betölteni. KĂ©rdĂ©ses azonban, hogy az ĂĄzsiai tĂ©rsĂ©gben globĂĄlis pĂ©nzĂŒgyi központtĂĄ vĂĄlhat-e Hong Kong, esetleg SzingapĂșr. _____ Financial centres significantly contribute to the internationalization of the banks.
Most of the international financial centres were founded centuries ago, but their roles
and magnitudes have always changed. All kinds of financial operations can be carried out
in the leading global financial centres, and a wide scale of financial operations and transactions
concentrate in these places. The dominance of the global triad of New York, London and Tokyo of the 1990s, has recently ended. Only two main financial centres, London and New York, can unambiguously fulfil the role of the global financial centres in the 2010s. However, it is questionable whether Hong Kong or Singapore can become global financial centres in the Asian region of the global economy
Az eurĂłpai bankrendszer koncentrĂĄciĂłs folyamatĂĄnak következmĂ©nyei. M&As, teljesĂtmĂ©ny, verseny Ă©s bankvĂĄlsĂĄg = Consequences of the process of the concentration of the European banking system M&As, performance, competition and banking crises
Az Ă©rtekezĂ©s az eurĂłpai bankrendszer koncentrĂĄciĂłjĂĄt kivĂĄltĂł tĂ©nyezĆk elemzĂ©sĂ©vel, illetve a bankrendszer koncentrĂĄciĂłs folyamatĂĄnak következmĂ©nyeivel foglalkozik mikrogazdasĂĄgi, vagyis banki szinten, illetve globĂĄlis szinten. Az eurĂłpai (kontinentĂĄlis) bankrendszer az angolszĂĄsz pĂ©nzĂŒgyi rendszerhez kĂ©pest szĂĄmos eltĂ©rĆ sajĂĄtossĂĄgokkal rendelkezik. Az utĂłbbi kĂ©t Ă©vtized alatt az eurĂłpai bankrendszer drĂĄmai Ă©s revolĂșciĂłs vĂĄltozĂĄsokon ment keresztĂŒl. Ezen vĂĄltozĂĄsok nemcsak a dezintermediĂĄciĂłs folyamatok növekvĆ szerepĂ©ben, hanem a pĂ©nzĂŒgyi szolgĂĄltatĂłk szĂĄmĂĄnak csökkenĂ©sĂ©ben is tĂŒkrözĆdnek. MĂĄr az 1990-es Ă©vek elejĂ©tĆl kezdĆdĆen egyre inkĂĄbb megfigyelhetĆvĂ© vĂĄlt a fĂșziĂłk Ă©s felvĂĄsĂĄrlĂĄsok (M&As) szĂĄmĂĄnak megnövekedĂ©se, ami a bankrendszer koncentrĂĄciĂłjĂĄnak növekedĂ©sĂ©hez is hozzĂĄjĂĄrult. Az eurĂł bevezetĂ©se idejĂ©n az EU bankrendszerĂ©ben soha nem lĂĄtott mĂ©rtĂ©kƱ fĂșziĂłs hullĂĄm söpört vĂ©gig, mely mind belföldi, mind nemzetközi szinten folyt, kiterjedve akĂĄr mĂĄs szektorokra is, ezĂĄltal a bankok Ă©s biztosĂtĂłk között vĂ©gbemenĆ M&A-k rĂ©vĂ©n lĂ©trejöttek a pĂ©nzĂŒgyi konglomerĂĄtumok, amelyek nagymĂ©rtĂ©kben segĂtik elĆ a konszolidĂĄciĂłs folyamatot az EU bankszektorĂĄban. A 2000-es Ă©vek mĂĄsodik felĂ©ben azonban az M&A-k egy Ășjabb hullĂĄma formĂĄlja ismĂ©t az EU arculatĂĄt. Ez a hullĂĄm azonban eltĂ©r a korĂĄbbiaktĂłl, mivel ezen fĂșziĂłk Ă©s felvĂĄsĂĄrlĂĄsok elsĆsorban nemzetközi, illetve eurĂłpai intraszektoriĂĄlis Ă©s interszektoriĂĄlis tranzakciĂłk, amelyek Ă©rtĂ©kben Ă©s mĂ©rtĂ©kben mĂĄr mega szinten folynak. Nem meglepĆ, hogy az eurĂłpai bankrendszert formĂĄlĂł M&A-k szĂĄmos kĂ©rdĂ©st vetnek fel. Az eurĂłpai bankrendszer koncentrĂĄciĂłs folyamatĂĄt azonban egyes korĂĄbbi feltĂ©telezĂ©sekkel ellentĂ©tben nem az EU-tagsĂĄg, hanem a mĂĄs piaci tĂ©nyezĆk Ă©s az ICT terjedĂ©se indukĂĄlta. Az eurĂłpai bankszektoron belĂŒl az elmĂșlt kĂ©t Ă©vtizedben megfigyelhetĆvĂ© vĂĄlt az M&A-k hullĂĄmszerƱ jelensĂ©ge, ami összefĂŒgg a vilĂĄggazdasĂĄgi konjunktĂșra alakulĂĄsĂĄval, illetve az akvirĂĄlĂł bank kapitalizĂĄciĂłjĂĄval
The Viti-viniculture Sector of the Festetics Estate at the Beginning of the 19th Century
At the end of the 18th century, only 3-4 % of the cultivated area was covered with vineyards. However, the importance of viticulture was not proportionate with the extent of its territorial size - due to the poor public health conditions, most of the waters were non-drinkable, so people usually drunk wines with a 4-5 % alcohol content. The wine production was 13-17 million hectoliters in the first third of the 19th century. During this period, several large estates switched from the former taxation approach to income-oriented market production, in which winemaking played a key role, as it had been an important vital market product before. According to Kaposi, lordshipsâ cellar economy of lordships was engaged in the storage and treatment operations of wine community customs duty, ninth wine, the supply of wine to inns and public houses, and other wine sales.1 In our study, we examined the most important characteristics of the viticulture and wine sector of the Keszthely-based Festetics estate in the period between 1785-1807, both in terms of production and profitability. We concluded that the share of income from wine within the total income decreased at the beginning of the 1800s, besides high production fluctuation characterized the production of lordships as well as production of the estate; however, the production of the lordships could compensate each other to confirm the diversified production in space
PPAR Îł
Involvement of the nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARÎł) in kidney physiology has been explored recently. Synthetic PPARÎł ligands can ameliorate the diabetic kidney disease through different mechanisms, involving inhibition of mesangial cell growth, reduction of mesangial matrix, and cytokine production of glomerular cells as well as promoting endothelial cell survival within the kidney glomeruli. Activation of PPARÎł has additional profibrotic consequences, which can contribute to wound healing in diabetic glomerulonephritis. Beside many beneficial effects, PPARÎł activation, however, can lead to severe water retention, a common side effect of thiazolidinedione therapy. This unwanted effect is due to the activation of PPARÎł in the mesonephric distal collecting system, where PPARÎł positively regulates sodium and water resorbtion leading to the expansion of interstitial fluid volume. Recent studies indicate that PPARÎł is also involved in the normal kidney development, renal lipid metabolism, and activation of the renin-angiotensin system. In this paper, we give a synopsis of the current knowledge on PPARÎł functions in kidney phyisology and pathophysiology
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