Relationship between nurses' perceptions of distance in-service training activities and job motivations

Background: The use of innovative technologies in continuing education activities in nursing is important in terms of increasing the quality of care. Aim: This study aimed to determine the relationship between nurses’ perceptions of distance in-service training and job motivations. Study Design: This study was designed as descriptive and correlational. Methods:. This study population consisted of nurses working in rooted education-research and state hospitals that continue distance in-service training activities. The study were conducted an 703 nurses between October 2020 and January 2021. Data were collected with the “Information Form”, the “Distance In-Service Training Perception Scale” and the “Nurse Job Motivation Scale”. Findings: The nurses’ total mean scale scores were 3.21±.97 for the “Distance In-Service Training Perception Scale” and 59.98±10.01 for the “Nurse Job Motivation Scale”. This showed that the nurses’ perception towards distance in-service training and job motivations were positively above the average. Nurses’ perception towards distance in-service training and job motivations were affected by gender, marital status, education level, type of institution, work years, type of employment, way of working, unit and choosing the profession and unit willingly. The nurses’ perception towards distance in-service training weren’t affected by distance or face-to-face education methods. It was determined that there was a weak positive relationship and a statistically highly significant relationship between the nurses’ perception towards distance in-service training activities and job motivations. Conclusion: It is thought that the use of innovative teaching methods and materials in continuing training activities will contribute to the continuity of professional development and to increase job motivations

Changes in cash holdings around the S&P 500 additions

We analyze the changes in cash holding policies of S&P 500 firms from before to after their inclusion in the index. One year after inclusion, their mean industry-adjusted cash holdings decline by nearly 32% from the year before inclusion. Several factors explain this decline. The precautionary motive for cash subsides due to these firms becoming more visible, less uncertain, and less constrained to raise cheap external capital. Corporate governance deteriorates after inclusion due to increased managerial entrenchment, which leads to a reduction in cash as suggested by the free cash flow hypothesis. Most index firms face diminishing investment opportunities and decreasing capital expenditures, which implies a lesser need for cash holdings related to the transaction motive. © 2013 Elsevier B.V

Strategic waiting in the IPO markets

The paper analyzes the strategic waiting tendencies of IPO firms. Our game theoretic model shows why some high-quality firms may strategically delay their initial public offering until a favorable signal about the economic conditions is generated by other issuing firms. Survival analysis suggests that IPOs in the highest quality decile have significantly higher median waiting days (since the start of a rising IPO cycle) than the IPOs in the lowest decile. During the early stages of an expanding IPO cycle the average firm quality is lower than in its later stages. We find supporting evidence also from the IPOs of future S&P 500 firms.IPO clustering IPO cycles Social learning Information aggregation Strategic waiting Survival analysis

Low back pain approaches by physiotherapists

Amaç:Türkiye’deki fizyoterapistlerin bel ağrısına yaklaşımlarını, konuyla ilgili bilgi düzeylerini, bakış açılarını, tedavi tercihleriniortaya koymak ve güncel bir bakış açısı oluşturabilmektir.Yöntem: Araştırmacılar tarafından fizyoterapistlere yönelik 18 soruluk bir anket hazırlandı. Anket, “Türkiye FizyoterapistlerDerneği’nin mail grubuna birer hafta arayla 4 kere gönderildi. Sosyal medyada yer alan fizyoterapi ile ilgili gruplara da anketinulaştırılması sağlandı ve fizyoterapistler tarafından doldurulan tüm formlar analiz edildi.Bulgular: Ankete toplam 115 fizyoterapist katıldı. Çalışmada fizyoterapistlerin, daha çok kronik bel ağrısıyla karşılaştığı,sakroiliak eklem değerlendirmesini büyük oranda yaptığı, mobilizasyon manipulasyon yöntemlerinden daha çok “McKenzie,Cyriax ve Mulligan” konseptlerini tercih ettikleri, elektroterapi modalitelerinden en çok “TENS, ultrason ve enterferans akımı”tercih ettiği, tedavi seçeneklerinde daha çok germe ve postür egzersizlerini, elektroterapi modalitelerini ve spinal mobilizasyonukullandıkları bulunmuştur.Sonuç: Çalışmamızdan elde ettiğimiz sonuçlar Türkiye'deki fizyoterapistlerin bel ağrısına yaklaşımlarını ortaya koymaktadır.Çalışmanın daha net sonuçlar verebilmesi için daha çok sayıda fizyoterapiste ulaşılması gerektiğini düşünmekteyiz.Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine how physiotherapists approach to low back pain in Turkey and what is the_x000D_ knowledge of physiotherapists about it._x000D_ Methods: A questionnaire survey, include 18 different questions that dispute the preference of treatment and the knowledge of_x000D_ low-back pain, was prepared for physiotherapists. The survey form was sent to the Turkish Physiotherapists Association's mail_x000D_ group, with one-week intervals 4 times. Also, the form was shared on some physiotherapist groups on social media._x000D_ Results: The survey form was recorded by 115 physiotherapists. Physiotherapists reported that they more encounter with_x000D_ chronic low-back pain patients, many of them are evaluating the sacroiliac joint, they most commonly use “Mc-Kenzie, Cyriax_x000D_ and Mulligan” concepts for manipulation and mobilizations, they more use “TENS, ultrasound and interferential stimulation”_x000D_ as electrotherapy modalities, and the most preferred treatments are stretching and posture exercises, electrotherapy_x000D_ modalities and lumbar spinal mobilization and manipulation._x000D_ Conclusion:The main treatment preference and knowledge of low-back pain of physiotherapists in Turkey was demonstrated in_x000D_ this study. However, a smaller number of physiotherapists were completed the survey form, future researches should reach_x000D_ wider groups for more clear informatio

Cycles in the IPO market

We develop a model in which time-varying real investment opportunities lead to time-varying adverse selection in the market for IPOs. The model is consistent with several stylized facts known about the IPO market: economic expansions are associated with a dramatic increase in the number of firms going public, which is in turn positively correlated with underpricing. Adverse selection is procyclical in the sense that dispersion in unobservable quality across firms should be more pronounced during booms. Taking the premise that uncertainty is resolved (and thus private information revealed) over time, we test this hypothesis by looking at long-run abnormal returns and delisting rates. Consistent with the model, we find (a) greater cross-sectional return variance, and (b) higher incidence of delisting for hot-market IPOs.