Random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli isolated from healthy cattle and sheep

The genetic heterogeneity among Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli isolates obtained from apparently healthy cattle and sheep was investigated by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis. A total of 348 Campylobacter isolates, consisting of C. jejuni (n=218) and C. coli (n=130), were analysed. All these isolates were successfully typed by RAPD analysis. The total numbers of band patterns defined by RAPD in cattle and sheep were 42 and 45, respectively. Of the 42 distinct types obtained from cattle, 37 types were observed in C. jejuni isolates (n=115), and the remaining 5 were in C. coli isolates (n=30). Of 45 distinct types obtained from sheep, 21 types were observed in C. jejuni isolates (n=103), and 24 were in C. coli isolates (n=100). It was concluded that a high degree of heterogeneity existed among the C. jejuni and C. coli isolates of healthy cattle and sheep

The relationship between psychological violence against women and parental attitudes: The case of Gümüşhane province

Bu çalışmada kadına yönelik psikolojik şiddet ile ebeveyn tutumları arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Araştırma genel tarama modelleri içinde ilişkisel tarama modeli türünde kesitsel bir çalışmadır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu 2-6 yaş arasında çocuğu olan eş/partnerleri ile Gümüşhane ili Merkez ilçesinde yaşayan, araştırmaya katılmaya gönüllü 22-45 yaş arası 159 kadın oluşturmaktadır. Katılımcıların özellikleri sosyo-demografik bilgi formu ile belirlenmiştir. Ebeveyn tutumları ebeveyn tutum ölçeği (ETÖ), eş/partnerlerinden algıladıkları psikolojik şiddet kadına psikolojik eziyet envanteri (KPEE) kısa formu ile ölçülmüştür. Verilerin analizinde SPSS 21.0 paket programı kullanılmıştır. ETÖ ile KPEE arasındaki ilişkinin belirlenmesinde Spearman korelasyon analizi, sosyodemografik özelliklere göre ölçeklerin alt boyutlarının farklılık gösterip göstermediğini belirleyebilmek için fark testleri uygulanmıştır. Bulgular: KPEE alt boyutu duygusal sözel şiddet ile ETÖ alt boyutlarından izin verici tutum (r=-0,360 p<0,01), aşırı koruyucu tutum (r=- 0,467 p<0,01) ve demokratik tutum (r=-0,580 p<0,01) arasında negatif orta düzeyde, otoriter ebeveyn tutumu (r=0,753 p<0,01) arasında ise pozitif yüksek düzeyde anlamlı ilişki bulunmuştur. KPEE alt boyutu sorumluluk ile ETÖ alt boyutlarından izin verici tutum (r=-0,527 p<0,01), demokratik tutum (r=-0,609 p<0,01) arasında negatif orta düzeyde, otoriter ebeveyn tutumu arasında (r=0,565 p<0,01) pozitif orta düzeyde anlamlı ilişki saptanmıştır. KPEE alt boyutu kısıtlama/suçlama tehdit ile koruyucu tutum (r=-0,594 p<0,01), demokratik tutum (r=-0,408 p<0,01) arasında orta düzeyde negatif, otoriter ebeveyn tutumu (r=0,294 p<0,01) arasında pozitif düşük düzeyde anlamlı ilişki bulunmuştur. Sonuç: Kadınların algıladıkları psikolojik şiddet ile ebeveyn tutumları arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı ilişki bulunmuştur. KPEE ile ETÖ alt boyutlarının eğitim durumuna ve çocuk sayısına göre anlamlı biçimde farklılık gösterdiği saptanmıştır (p<0,05).In this study, it was aimed to investigate the relationship between psychological violence against women and parental attitudes. Materials and Methods: The research is a cross-sectional study in relational screening model type among general screening models. The study group of the research consists of 159 women between the ages of 22-45 who are volunteers to participate in the study and living in the central district of Gümüşhane province with their spouse/partners and who have children between the ages of 2-6 years. The characteristics of the participants were determined by the Socio-demographic information form. Parental attitudes were measured with the Parental Attitude scale (PAS), the psychological violence perceived by their spouse/partners with the short form of psychological torment inventory (PMWI). SPSS 21.0 package program was used in the analysis of the data. Spearman correlation analysis was used to determine the relationship between PAS and PMWI, and difference tests were used to determine whether the sub-dimensions of the scales differed according to socio-demographic characteristics. Results: PMWI sub-dimension, emotional verbal violence, and permissive attitude (r=-0.360 p<0.01), overprotective attitude (r=-0.467 p<0.01) and democratic attitude (r=-0.580 p<0.01) negative, moderate, authoritarian parent attitude (r=0.753 p<0.01) positive correlation was found. Of the PMWI sub-dimensions, responsibility had negatively moderate relationship with authoritative attitude (r=-0.527 p<0.01) and democratic attitude (r=-0.609 p<0.01), and a positive moderately significant relationship with authoritarian parental attitude (r=0.565 p<0.01) was detected. PMWI sub-dimension/blame threat had a moderate negative relationship with protective attitude (r=-0.594 p<0.01) and democratic attitude (r=-0.408 p<0.01), and a positive low level significant relationship with authoritarian parental attitude (r=0.294 p<0.01). Conclusion: A statistically significant relationship was found between psychological violence perceived by women and parental attitudes. PMWI and PAS subscales were found to differ significantly according to the level of education and number of children (p<0.05)

Investigation of arcobacters in meat and faecal samples of clinically healthy cattle in Turkey

Aims: To investigate the presence of Arcobacter spp. in minced beef meat (n ¼ 97) and rectal faecal samples (n ¼ 200) collected from cattle immediately after slaughter at a local abattoir in Turkey. Methods and Results: Meat samples were examined using three different isolation procedures (CATsupplemented media, de Boer arcobacter isolation method and membrane filtration method), but only one method (CAT-supplemented media) was employed for faecal samples. The isolated Arcobacter strains were identified by genus- and species-(multiplex) specific PCR assays. Arcobacter spp. were isolated from 5 and 9Æ5% of meat and faecal samples respectively. Although the only Arcobacter sp. found in meat samples was Arcobacter butzleri, all three pathogenic species – A. butzleri, A. cryaerophilus and A. skirrowii – were detected in the rectal swabs. No Arcobacter was isolated when the de Boer method was used for minced meat samples but the same five meat samples were found positive for arcobacters when CAT-supplemented media and membrane filtration method were used. Conclusions: The membrane filtration method was found to be superior to the CAT-supplemented media, because it led to a reduction in competing microflora. However, the necessity for one filter and medium for each sample makes this method somewhat expensive. The multiplex-PCR (m-PCR) assay shortened significantly the time required for the identification of Arcobacter spp. and also removed the possibility of false positive results due to other campylobacteria. Significance and Impact of the Study: This study reports the isolation of Arcobacter spp. in cattle for the first time in Turkey. The m-PCR assay enables the identification and differentiation of all arcobacters simultaneously in one-step PCR

Investigation of Toxin Genes by Polymerase Chain Reaction in Staphylococcus aureus Strains Isolated from Bovine Mastitis in Turkey

Staphylococcus aureus causes a number of diseases in humans and animals, and it is the most common etiological agent of contagious bovine mastitis. The agent produces several virulence factors such as coagulase (coa), clumping factor, protein A, exfoliative toxins, staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs), and toxic shock syndrome toxin-1. The aim of the present study was to characterize coa-positive S. aureus strains (n¼92) isolated from bovine subclinical mastitis in Turkey by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of exfoliative toxin (eta and etb) and toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (tsst) genes. In addition, a multiplex PCR was employed to investigate the presence of SE genes sea, seb, sec, sed, see, seg, seh, sej, and sei. By PCR amplification, while eta and etb were not detected, only three isolates (3.3%) were positive for tsst. Twenty-seven (29.3%) isolates harbored one or more SE genes, and sei was the most common pattern by multiplex PCR. None of the isolates harbored the genes encoding sea, see, and seh. The application of this multiplex PCR assay could enable more samples to be rapidly characterized for enterotoxin production of S. aureus isolates from milk for epidemiological studies

Effects of endobag usage on port site infections in acute cholecystitis

Objectives: To find out the usage of endo-bag technique whether has an effect on port site infection in which the gallbladder is removed out within the patients of laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis.Materials and methods: A total of 30 cases with acute cholecystitis underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy by the same surgeon in Fırat University Medical School Hospital were evaluated. Endobag was used in 15 patients and 15 patients were included as control group. All the patients were observed in terms of port site infection after removal of gallbladder in postoperative period.Results: There were no wound infection in which endobag was used, but 3 patients of the control group had port site infection.Conclusion: There were no significant effect of using endo-bag among acute cholcystitis patients underwent laparoscopic chelcystectomy on the port site infection which gall bladder is removed ou

Investigation of arcobacters in meat and faecal samples of clinically healthy cattle in Turkey

Aims: To investigate the presence of Arcobacter spp. in minced beef meat (n ¼ 97) and rectal faecal samples (n ¼ 200) collected from cattle immediately after slaughter at a local abattoir in Turkey. Methods and Results: Meat samples were examined using three different isolation procedures (CATsupplemented media, de Boer arcobacter isolation method and membrane filtration method), but only one method (CAT-supplemented media) was employed for faecal samples. The isolated Arcobacter strains were identified by genus- and species-(multiplex) specific PCR assays. Arcobacter spp. were isolated from 5 and 9Æ5% of meat and faecal samples respectively. Although the only Arcobacter sp. found in meat samples was Arcobacter butzleri, all three pathogenic species – A. butzleri, A. cryaerophilus and A. skirrowii – were detected in the rectal swabs. No Arcobacter was isolated when the de Boer method was used for minced meat samples but the same five meat samples were found positive for arcobacters when CAT-supplemented media and membrane filtration method were used. Conclusions: The membrane filtration method was found to be superior to the CAT-supplemented media, because it led to a reduction in competing microflora. However, the necessity for one filter and medium for each sample makes this method somewhat expensive. The multiplex-PCR (m-PCR) assay shortened significantly the time required for the identification of Arcobacter spp. and also removed the possibility of false positive results due to other campylobacteria. Significance and Impact of the Study: This study reports the isolation of Arcobacter spp. in cattle for the first time in Turkey. The m-PCR assay enables the identification and differentiation of all arcobacters simultaneously in one-step PCR

Knowledge, Attitudes, Practices and Some Characteristic Features of People Recovered from COVID-19 in Turkey

Background and objectives: The whole world is spending an extraordinary effort by implementing various measures to control and prevent the COVID-19 pandemic. The effectiveness of the preventive measures is greatly influenced by the public’s knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) towards the disease. In this study, KAP values and some characteristic features of people recovered from COVID-19 were determined by conducting a questionnaire survey. Materials and Methods:&nbsp;The questionnaire survey was conducted between 1 and 10 January 2021 on people who recovered from COVID-19 in a total of 150 different locations in Turkey. The questionnaire consisted of 46 questions: 14 for determining demographic and some characteristic features of the participants, and 32 for determining their knowledge, attitudes, and practices. The data obtained were evaluated using descriptive statistics, chi-squared tests, t-tests, and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results: It was determined that 63% of the participants had at least one chronic illness, 3.9% suffered from the disease twice, and 45.2% changed their smoking habits. The average knowledge score of the participants about COVID-19 was calculated as 10.25 (SD = 2.37; range 0–15). The participants were found to have a high level of knowledge about the symptoms and prevention methods in general, and positive changes in post-illness attitudes and behaviors. However, there was a great instability regarding the drugs and vaccines used in the treatment of COVID-19. Conclusions: This was the first study carried out in Turkey to determine knowledge, attitudes, practices, and some characteristic features of people who recovered from COVID-19. It was suggested that health authorities in the country need to develop more effective strategies and policies to find out permanent solutions in order to control and prevent the COVID-19 pandemic by taking into account the concerns of the public, particularly with regards to the drugs used in the treatment and vaccination

Prognostic factors in colorectal cancers

Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate retrospectively the impact of the various prognostic factors on survival in patients with colorectal cancer. Methods: The clinical records, pathology and operation reports of 126 patients in 154 patients operated for colorectal cancer General Surgery Clinic of Fırat University Hospital between 1994 and 2005 years. The effects of the prognostic factors on 2-years, 5-years and 10-years survival, overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) were evaluated. The survival durations are presented as months. Results: The mean age was 57.5 ± 15.2. The median duration of follow-up was 44,5 month. The median OS was 60 months. The median DFS in stage I-III patients was 62 months. According to the univariate analysis, the factors found significant in both OS and DFS rates were the following; stage of the cancer, extent of bowel wall penetration, lymph nodes metastasis, distant metastasis, pathologic stage, surgical margin, pretreatment CEA levels and type of surgery. The age and histologic type of tumor were related to only OS. The following variables were independent prognostic factors for both OS and DFS as determined by multivariate analysis; stage of the cancer, extent of bowel wall penetration and distant metastasis. Conclusion: A large number of prognostic factors are available to help predict the outcome of patients with colorectal cancer after surgery. In order to predict survival more accurately, a scoring system can be created that involving not only prognostic factors determined by multivariate analysis, but also prognostic factors determined by univariate analysis

Production, characterization and therapeutic efficacy of egg yolk antibodies specific to Nosema ceranae.

Nosema disease, caused by Nosema ceranae, one of the single-celled fungal microsporidian parasites, is one of the most important and common diseases of adult honey bees. Since fumagillin, which has been used for decades in the control of Nosema disease in honey bees (Apis mellifera), poses a toxic threat and its efficacy against N. ceranae is uncertain, there is an urgent need to develop alternative prophylactic and curative strategies for the treatment of this disease. The main aim of this study was to investigate the therapeutic potential of specific egg yolk immunoglobulins (IgY) on Nosema disease. For this purpose, the presence of N. ceranae was determined by microscopic and PCR methods in honey bees collected from Nosema suspicious colonies by conducting a field survey. Layered Ataks chickens, divided into four groups each containing 20 animals, were vaccinated with live and inactivated vaccines prepared from field isolates of N. ceranae. Eggs were collected weekly for 10 weeks following the last vaccination. IgY extraction was performed using the PEG precipitation method from egg yolks collected from each group, and the purity of the antibodies was determined by SDS-PAGE and Western Blot. The presence of N. ceranae-specific IgYs was investigated by Western Blot and indirect ELISA methods. It was determined that specific IgYs showed high therapeutic efficacy on Nosema disease in naturally infected bee colonies. In addition, honey bees collected from infected colonies were brought to the laboratory and placed in cages with 30 bees each, and the effectiveness of IgYs was investigated under controlled conditions. It was detected that specific IgY reduced the Nosema spore load and the number of infected bees significantly in both the field and experimental study groups treated for seven days. It was concluded that chicken IgYs, an innovative and eco-friendly method, had a significant potential for use as an alternative to antifungal drugs

Sudden death due to gas gangrene caused by Clostridium septicum in goats

Abstract Background Even though gas gangrene caused by Clostridium septicum in goats is mentioned in the classical textbooks, we have not managed to find any case description in the literature. Case presentation Clinical signs resembling gas gangrene such as subcutaneous bloating, edema and crepitation were detected at various body parts of nine pregnant animals at the ages of 2–3 years on a hair goat farm (n = 170) located in Bingol province, Eastern Turkey. Five of these suspected animals with severe clinical symptoms died within 2 days. Various samples such as internal organs, edematous skin and edema fluid collected from dead and live animals were analyzed for the presence of clostridial agents by histopathological and microbiological methods. As a result of macroscopic and microscopic examination, lesions of gas gangrene were detected. The suspected isolates were identified and confirmed as C. septicum by bacteriological and molecular methods. Conclusion The present study was the first to report identification of C. septicum as primary agent in the gas gangrene of goats