Motivation – læreransvar eller elevansvar?

Hvordan påvirker det, der sker i undervisningen, gymnasieelevers motivation? Dette casestudie, der er gennemført i to erhvervsgymnasiale 3.g-klasser, undersøger betydningen af arbejdsformer, bevægelse og struktur i undervisningen. Den viser, at brug af aktive arbejdsformer, tydelig klasseledelse og socialisering af elever til en professionel elevrolle kan påvirke elevmotivationen positivt. Undersøgelsen illustrerer to principielt forskellige opfattelser af læreransvar i den forbindelse og peger på behovet for, at lærere ser deres undervisning med elevernes øjne og udforsker deres egne muligheder for at påvirke elevers motivation

Nordnorsk dialekt i talegjenkjenningsverktøy. En kvalitativ studie av hvordan Word «Dikter» transkriberer nordnorsk talemål

Denne masteroppgaven undersøker hvordan talegjenkjenningsverktøyet Word «Dikter» transkriberer nordnorsk talemål til standardspråklig norsk ortografi. Videre undersøker den hvorvidt informanter tilpasser sitt talemål til dikteringsverktøyet. Studien tar i bruk kvalitativ metode, med utgangspunkt i en hypotese om at talemålsverktøy er for lite tilpasset mangfoldet av norske talemål, med vekt på nordnorsk talemål. Datamaterialet som ligger til grunn, er kvalitative data samlet inn ved hjelp av seks unge informanter med dialekt fra Vestvågøy i Lofoten. Datamaterialet består av transkripsjoner utført av «Dikter», samt intervju mer hver enkelt informant. Empirien er analysert gjennom å sammenligne transkripsjonene fra «Dikter» med lydnære transkripsjoner av det informantene faktisk sa. Resultatet viser at «Dikter» har utfordringer med å transkribere nordnorsk talemål til standardspråklig norsk ortografi. Det er særlig de fonologiske trekkene ved nordnorsk talemål som blir transkribert feilaktig av talegjenkjenningsverktøyet, for eksempel palatalitet, senking og apokope. En hovedårsak til dette er at det østnorske standardtalemålet ligger til grunn for databasene til talegjenkjenningsverktøyet, og at nordnorsk talemål vurderes ut ifra dette. Når det gjelder informantenes tilpasning av eget talemål, viser funn fra denne studien at informantene i liten grad tilpasser talemålet til dikteringssituasjonen. Dikteringssituasjonen hvor informantene snakker til en datamaskin påvirker altså ikke informantenes autentiske talemål

The hydrology and preservation condition in the flat-topped burial mound: Klangshøj at Vennebjerg in Vendsyssel

Klangshøj is a flat-topped burial mound similar to the Royal Jelling mounds, although smaller. The myths tell that a well has existed on top of the mound as at Jelling and a spring had flown at the base of the mound. In order to verify the myths and a similar hydrology in Klangshøj as found in Jelling, several borings have been carried out in a north-south line across the mound. The investigation showed that Klangshøj is built of sods mainly harvested from heathland. The sods are of different grain sizes from fine sand to clay. The preservation conditions were excellent in three of the six borings, where undecomposed plant remnants, occasionally greenish, were observed. A 14C-dating showed that the mound was built in the Viking Age. The hydrology in Klangshøj is the same as in the Jelling mounds, with a permeable bioturbation zone covering almost impermeable, distinct sod layers. This form a perched groundwater table in the transition zone, which keeps the distinct sod layer below anaerobic, i.e. the preservation conditions extremely favourable. The perched water table drains internally as in the Jelling mounds, and there are no current nor fossil evidence to suggest a spring was ever present at the foot slope, as the local legend suggests. Moreover, it seems unlikely that a well, similar to the one on the Jelling mound, has existed on the top of the north-facing slope, as the amount of water the well would have been able to collect is little

Conditions and strategies to meet the challenges imposed by the COVID-19-related visiting restrictions in the intensive care unit: A Scandinavian cross-sectional study

publishedVersio

Development of a harmonised soil profile analytical database for Europe:a resource for supporting regional soil management

Soil mapping is an essential method for obtaining a spatial overview of soil resources that are increasingly threatened by environmental change and population pressure. Despite recent advances in digital soil-mapping techniques based on inference, such methods are still immature for large-scale soil mapping. During the 1970s, 1980s and 1990s, soil scientists constructed a harmonised soil map of Europe (1:1 000 000) based on national soil maps. Despite this extraordinary regional overview of the spatial distribution of European soil types, crude assumptions about soil properties were necessary for translating the maps into thematic information relevant to management. To support modellers with analytical data connected to the soil map, the European Soil Bureau Network (ESBW) commissioned the development of the soil profile analytical database for Europe (SPADE) in the late 1980s. This database contains soil analytical data based on a standardised set of soil analytical methods across the European countries. Here, we review the principles adopted for developing the SPADE database during the past five decades, the work towards fulfilling the milestones of full geographic coverage for dominant soils in all the European countries (SPADE level 1) and the addition of secondary soil types (SPADE level 2). We illustrate the application of the database by showing the distribution of the root zone capacity and by estimating the soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks at a depth of 1 m for Europe to be 60×1015 g. The increased accuracy, potentially obtained by including secondary soil types (level 2), is shown in a case study to estimate SOC stocks in Denmark. Until data from systematic cross-European soil-sampling programmes have sufficient spatial coverage for reliable data interpolation, integrating national soil maps and locally assessed analytical data into a harmonised database remains a powerful resource to support soil resources management at regional and continental scales by providing a platform to guide sustainable soil management and food production

Family involvement in the intensive care unit in four Nordic countries

Background - Relevance to clinical practice The findings from the study highlighting family involvement, high-quality communication and flexible visiting policy as central aspects of family care may inspire clinicians to identify aspects of everyday family care in their ICUs calling for further improvement. Aims and objectives - To describe family involvement, communication practices and visiting policies in adult ICUs. Design - A cross-sectional survey. Method - A questionnaire consisting of 11 sections was developed, pilot tested and e-mailed to 196 ICUs. The participants were intensive care nurses in adult ICUs in four Nordic countries. Results - The survey was conducted in October to December 2019. The response rate was 81% (158/196) of the invited ICUs. Most of the units had fewer than 11 beds. Family participation in patient care, including involvement in ward rounds and presence during cardiopulmonary resuscitation, varied between the countries, whereas most families in all countries were involved in decision-making. Family conferences were generally initiated by staff or family members. Children under 18 did not always receive information directly from the staff, and parents were not advised about how to inform their children. Although most respondents described open visiting, restrictions were also mentioned in free-text comments. Conclusions - The level of family care in ICUs in the four Nordic countries is generally based on nurses' discretion. Although most Nordic ICUs report having an open or flexible visiting policy, a wide range of potential restrictions still exists. Children and young relatives are not routinely followed up. Family members are included in communication and decision-making, whereas family involvement in daily care, ward rounds and family-witnessed resuscitation seem to be areas with a potential for improvement

‘No Time to be Lost!’: Ethical Considerations on Consent for Inclusion in Emergency Pharmacological Research in Severe Traumatic Brain Injury in the European Union

Severe Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) remains a major cause of death and disability afflicting mostly young adult males and elderly people, resulting in high economic costs to society. Therapeutic approaches focus on reducing the risk on secondary brain injury. Specific ethical issues pertaining in clinical testing of pharmacological neuroprotective agents in TBI include the emergency nature of the research, the incapacity of the patients to informed consent before inclusion, short therapeutic time windows, and a risk-benefit ratio based on concept that in relation to the severity of the trauma, significant adverse side effects may be acceptable for possible beneficial treatments. Randomized controlled phase III trials investigating the safety and efficacy of agents in TBI with promising benefit, conducted in acute emergency situations with short therapeutic time windows, should allow randomization under deferred consent or waiver of consent. Making progress in knowledge of treatment in acute neurological and other intensive care conditions is only possible if national regulations and legislations allow waiver of consent or deferred consent for clinical trials