Förekomst av agens i kattsnuvekomplexet på ett svenskt katthem

Conjunctival swabs from 12 cats in a Swedish animal shelter were analyzed by real-time PCR for FHV-1, Mycoplasma felis and chlamydiae. The purpose of this study was to see whether and to what extent these agents can be detected and if they were detected from cats housed in quarantine or in the adoption department. Samples were first taken upon arrival at the quarantine and then a second sample was taken two weeks after moving to the adoption department, or upon presentation of signs of disease. The cats spent the quarantine period in two separate quarantines: five in a new quarantine (quarantine A) and seven in a room in the old shelter (quarantine B). The difference between these quarantines was that in B the cats were often mixed together ant the hygiene routines were not as good as in quarantine A. Of a total of 24 samples, 7 (29%) were positive for any of these agents, of these two were positive for two agents at the same time. Seven out of 12 cats (58%) were positive for FHV-1, 2 of 12 (16%) were positive for Mycoplasma felis and no samples were positive for chlamydiae. All positive cats except one had been quarantined in quarantine B. Five of the cats showed clinical signs of disease (sneezing and nose discharge + / - eye flow) at the second sampling. It is likely that the cats that were positive for FHV-1 had become infected at an earlier stage and activated a latent infection. This because six of these seven cats came from multi-cat households, three of these were not mixed with other cats and two of these were positive at the first sampling. Some of the cats were suspected of getting the infection at the shelter since they did not come from multiple cat homes, or were mixed with other cats. The cats that were positive for Mycoplasma felis were suspected of being infected at the shelter since they both were mixed with other cats. These cats also had a co-infection with FHV-1, which may have made them especially vulnerable. The study shows evidence that quarantine works satisfactorily when the cats were housed in quarantine A in the new building (only had one positive cat of five cats housed in that quarantine and of the seven positive totally). The study also shows that the shelter does not need to expand vaccination routines to also vaccinate against chlamydiae. Since the problem at this shelter lies in the presence of FHV-1 the preventive efforts should attach great importance to reduce direct contact between cats, careful hygiene and reducing stress in cats. Further studies are needed to be able to draw more conclusions on the risk of being infected depending on the background, quarantine and vaccination status of the cat.I denna studie togs svabbprov från konjunktiva på 12 stycken katter på ett svenskt katthem. Proverna analyserades med realtids-PCR för FHV-1, Mycoplasma felis och klamydia. Syftet med studien var att se om och i vilken grad dessa agens förekom samt var i katthemmets inslussningsystem de kunde påvisas (vid ankomst eller efter att katterna vistats en tid på katthemmet). Provtagningen skedde i form av ett första prov vid ankomsten till katthemmet samt ett andra prov två veckor efter flytt till visningsavdelningen eller vid uppvisande av sjukdomssymtom. Katterna tillbringade karantänstiden i två olika karantänslokaler: fem stycken i karantänen i katthemmet (karantän A) och sju stycken i en lokal i det gamla katthemmet (karantän B). Skillnaden mellan dessa lokaler var att i karantän B blandades ofta katterna och hygienrutinerna var sämre i B än i A. Av totalt 24 prov var 7 (29 %) positiva för något av dessa agens, två av proven var positiva för två agens vid samma tillfälle. Sju av 12 (58 %) provtagna katter var vid något provtagningstillfälle positiva för FHV-1, 2 av 12 (16 %) var positiva för Mycoplasma felis och inget prov var positivt för klamydia. Alla positiva katter förutom en hade vistats i karantän B och fem av de sju katterna från vilka något agens kunde påvisas visade tecken på sjukdom (nysning och snuva +/- ögonflöde). I denna studie misstänks katterna som var positiva för FHV-1 sannolikt ha smittats innan de kom till katthemmet och på katthemmet ha aktiverat en latent infektion. Detta är sannolikt för att 6 av 7 katter kom från flerkattshushåll, tre av dessa inte blandades med andra katter och två var positiva vid första provtagningen och inte borde ha hunnit smittas på katthemmet. Några av katterna misstänks ha blivit smittade på katthemmet för att de inte kom ifrån flerkattshem och för att de blandades med andra katter. De katter som var positiva för Mycoplasma felis misstänks ha blivit smittade på katthemmet då båda dessa katter blandades med andra katter. Dessa katter hade även en samtidig infektion med FHV-1 vilket kan ha gjort dem extra mottagliga. Studien tyder på att karantänen fungerar tillfredställande då de katter som satt i karantän A i den nya byggnaden bara hade en positiv katt (av de totalt fem katterna i karantän A). Studien visar även att katthemmet inte behöver utvidga vaccinationsrutinerna med att även vaccinera mot klamydia. Då studien visar att problemet på detta katthem framförallt ligger i förekomsten av FHV-1 som är en kontaktsmitta så bör det förebyggande arbetet lägga stor vikt vid att minska direktkontakt mellan katter, noggrann hygien samt minska stressen hos katterna. Vidare studier behövs för att kunna dra fler slutsatser avseende risken för en katt att infekteras beroende på bakgrund (hittegods/ensamkatt eller djurskyddsärende/flerkattsfamilj), karantän och vaccinationsstatus

The rovibrational spectrum of BeH, MgH and CaH at high temperatures in the X 2Σ+X\,{}^2\Sigma^+ state: a theoretical study

Accurate line lists for three molecules, BeH, MgH and CaH, in their ground electronic states are presented. These line lists are suitable for temperatures relevant to exoplanetary atmospheres and cool stars (up to 2000K). A combination of empirical and \textit{ab initio} methods is used. The rovibrational energy levels of BeH, MgH and CaH are computed using the programs Level and DPotFit in conjunction with `spectroscopic' potential energy curves (PECs). The PEC of BeH is taken from the literature, while the PECs of CaH and MgH are generated by fitting to the experimental transition energy levels. Both spin-rotation interactions (except for BeH, for which it is negligible) and non-adiabatic corrections are explicitly taken into account. Accurate line intensities are generated using newly computed \textit{ab initio} dipole moment curves for each molecule using high levels of theory. Full line lists of rotation-vibration transitions for $^9$BeH, $^{24}$MgH, $^{25}$MgH, $^{26}$MgH and $^{40}$CaH are made available in an electronic form as supplementary data to this article and at \url{www.exomol.com}.Comment: MNRAS (in press

Children`s Mental Health -with focus on family arrangements

The main aim of this thesis was to study children’s mental health with focus on family arrangements. The thesis was based on four studies (I-IV). Study number I, III and IV were quantitative studies with cross sectional design, using the Swedish version of Health behaviour in School- aged children (HBSC), including children aged 11, 13 and 15 years. The data was analysed with multiple linear regression analysis (I) and multivariate logistic regression analysis (III, IV). Study II was of qualitative descriptive design, based on 28 interviews with parents living in shared physical custody with their children. The qualitative study was analysed with inductive latent content analysis. Study I showed that lower levels of SHC and higher levels of SWB were associated with higher degrees of social capital in the family, school and neighbourhood. Social capital in family, school and neighbourhood had a cumulative influence on children’s SHC and SWB. In study II the participating parents described their own as well as the perceptions of their children and former partners. Parents’ perceptions changed from the beginning of shared physical custody, through the current situation, ending with perception of the future. The fifteen year old boys and girls (III) living in shared physical custody were more at risk of being a smoker or having been drunk compared with children living in two parent families. The results of sex <15 years and conduct problems showed that the risks didn’t differ significantly between these two groups. Study IV showed that children living in shared physical custody with their parents were more likely than children in two parent families to report multiple SHC, and low SWB. The variable of communication did not moderate the SHC and SWB of the children in any of these two groups. This thesis contribute with new and deeper understanding of the relatively new phenomenon: shared physical custody, and its associations to children’s mental health. The parent’s perceptions were an important complement to the children’s self reported health. In order to influence the decreasing mental health among children and adolescents, their opinions contributes to further understanding. Narratives from children, parents and practitioners are required in order to further study the association between children’s health outcomes and different family arrangements. Additional studies are needed to clarify how children’s mental health and different family arrangements are related to school, community economy, and society.Avhandlingens huvudsyfte var att studera barns mentala hälsa med fokus på familjekonstellationer. Fyra olika studier ligger till grund för avhandlingen (I-IV). Studie I, II och IV var kvantitativa studier med tvärsnittsdesign. Datamaterialet utgjordes av den svenska versionen av Health Behaviour in School- aged Children (HBSC) (Svenska skolbarns hälsovanor). De deltagande barnen var i åldrarna 11, 13 och 15 år. Datamaterialet analyserades med hjälp av multipel linjär regressions analys (I) samt multivariat logistisk regressionsanalys (III, IV). Studie II var av kvalitativ karaktär och baserades på 28 intervjuer med föräldrar som bodde växelvis boende med sina barn. Den kvalitativa studien analyserades med hjälp av induktiv latent innehållsanalys. Studie I visade att lägre nivåer av SHC (subjektiva hälsobesvär) och högre nivåer av SWB (subjektivt välbefinnande) hade ett samband med högre nivåer av socialt kapital i familjen, skolan och närområdet. Socialt kapital i familjen, skolan och närområdet hade en kumulativ effekt på barnens självrapporterade SHC och SWB. I studie två beskrev de deltagande föräldrarna sina egna upplevelser, samt upplevelser relaterat till barnen samt och den före detta partnern. Föräldrarnas upplevelser förändrades från den första tiden av växelvis boende till nuvarande situation och avslutades med tankar om framtiden. De växelvis boende femtonåriga pojkarna och flickorna i studie III rapporterade ökad risk för att vara såväl rökare som att ha varit berusade jämfört med 15- åringarna i traditionella familjer. Resultaten avseende sex <15 år samt beteendeproblem visade inga signifikanta skillnader mellan dessa två grupper. Studie IV visade att barn som bodde i växelvis boende rapporterade fler subjektiva hälsobesvär och lägre välbefinnande jämfört med barn i traditionella familjer. Kommunikationsvariabeln hade ingen modererande effekt på någon av dessa båda grupper. Föreliggande avhandling bidrar med såväl ny som fördjupad kunskap för det relativt nya fenomenet, växelvis boende, och dess relation till barns mentala hälsa. Föräldrarnas upplevelse var ett viktigt bidrag till barnens självrapporterade hälsa. För att kunna påverka barn och ungas rapporter om allt sämre mental hälsa, är deras åsikter ett viktigt inslag för ökade kunskaper inom området. Vi behöver barns, föräldrars och yrkesverksammas åsikter för att vidare kunna studera relationen mellan barns hälsoutfall och olika familjekonstellationer. Vi behöver också veta mer om olika familjekonstellationers relation till skolan, närområdet samt det övriga samhället

Cover Times, Sign-dependent Random Walks, and Maxima

NR 2014080

Professionell musiker eller amatörmusiker - vad definierar gränsen?

Examensarbete 15 hp; Musiklärarexame

Daily Life with Type 1 Diabetes from the Perspectives of Young Adults and Their Close Relatives

The aim of this study was to enhance a deeper understanding of daily life as experienced by young adults with Type 1 Diabetes and their close relatives. Young adulthood is commonly considered as an amendment to adult roles. Increased responsibility, such as a long-term illness in young adulthood, might lead to increased stress and anxiety. Type 1 Diabetes involves large obligations related to self-care, and close relatives might play an important role in managing daily life. A hermeneutic study involving interviews with a narrative approach with couples. The hermeneutic analysis revealed that T1D is always unconditionally present in daily life for young adults and their close relatives. Close relatives are important supporters, they have an understanding based on sharing daily life with the young adults with T1D. Young adults and their close relatives highlighted the experiences of being questioned, which in turn threatens the young adults’ integrity

Swedish Parent’s Experiences of Joint Physical Custody

Abstract: Aim: This study’s aim was to learn more about parent experiences, when living in joint physical custody with their children. Methods: The study design was descriptive, using a qualitative approach. Interviews were conducted with 28 parents who lived in joint physical custody with their children. Content was analysed using inductive content analysis. Results: Participants with joint custody reported many positive experiences, and a similar process of adapting to the new living- arrangement. Results indicate that shortly after the separation parents were mainly occupied with emotional reactions to the new family situation. After two to three years, or in some cases longer, things seemed to settle down and the participants became more accustomed to the arrangements. Conclusion: This qualitative study provides insights into parents’ experiences of living in joint physical custody with their children. Many positive experiences and a similar process of adapting to the new arrangement were revealed. In the initial period, the parents seemed mainly to have been occupied with emotional reactions to the new family situation