Epidemiologia e carga de doença de pacientes que necessitam de cuidados neurocríticos : um estudo de coorte multicêntrico brasileiro

Orientador: Prof. Dr. Hélio Afonso Ghizone TeiveTese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências da Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Interna e Ciências da Saúde. Defesa : Curitiba, 17/11/2023Inclui referênciasResumo: As doenças neurológicas são altamente prevalentes e impõem uma carga substancial aos pacientes. Este estudo teve como objetivo descrever uma coorte completa de pacientes neurocríticos e estratificados com base nos diagnósticos neurológicos primários e identificar preditores de mortalidade e desfechos desfavoráveis, juntamente com a carga de doença de cada condição na admissão em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva (UTI). Foi realizado um estudo de coorte prospectivo que incluiu consecutivamente pacientes neurológicos admitidos em 36 UTIs de quatro regiões brasileiras e que acompanhados por 30 dias ou até o desfecho da UTI. Dos 4245 pacientes admitidos nas UTIs participantes, 1194 (28,1%) eram neurocríticos e foram incluídos na coorte. Os pacientes neurocríticos apresentaram uma taxa de mortalidade 1,7 vezes maior do que os não neurocríticos (17,21% versus 10,1%, respectivamente). Os diagnósticos neurológicos primários mais frequentes na admissão na UTI foram cuidados pós-operatórios de neurocirurgia eletiva, traumatismo cranioencefálico, acidente vascular cerebral isquêmico e encefalopatia. Idade avançada, admissão de emergência, maior número de possíveis lesões secundárias e piores escores APACHE II, SAPS III, SOFA e Glasgow na admissão na UTI foram preditores independentes de mortalidade e de desfecho desfavorável. O total estimado de anos de vida ajustados por incapacidade (DALY) foi de 4482,94 na coorte geral de pacientes neurocríticos e o diagnóstico neurológico com o maior DALY foi lesão cerebral traumática (1634,42). Os DALYs relativos às desordens neurocríticas foram significativamente impactados pelo diagnóstico neurológico primário, sexo, faixa etária e número de lesões neurológicas secundárias dos pacientes. Descrevemos com maior precisão a epidemiologia de pacientes neurocríticos e estimamos sua carga geral e relativa de doença. Os achados deste estudo são essenciais para orientar as políticas de educação, prevenção e tratamento dos pacientes com doenças neurocríticas graves.Abstract: Acute neurological emergencies are highly prevalent in intensive care units (ICUs) and impose a substantial burden on patients. This study aims to describe the epidemiology of patients requiring neurocritical care in Brazil, and their differences based on primary acute neurological diagnoses and to identify predictors of mortality and unfavourable outcomes, along with the disease burden of each condition at intensive care unit admission. This prospective cohort study included patients requiring neurocritical care admitted to 36 ICUs in four Brazilian regions who were followed for 30 days or until ICU discharge (Aug-Sep in 2018, 1 month). Of 4245 patients admitted to the participating ICUs, 1194 (28.1%) were patients with acute neurological disorders requiring neurocritical care and were included. Patients requiring neurocritical care had a mean mortality rate 1.7 times higher than ICU patients not requiring neurocritical care (17.21% versus 10.1%, respectively). Older age, emergency admission, higher number of potential secondary injuries, and worse APACHE II, SAPS III, SOFA, and Glasgow coma scale scores on ICU admission are independent predictors of mortality and poor outcome among patients with acute neurological diagnoses. The estimated total DALYs were 4482.94 in the overall cohort, and the diagnosis with the highest DALYs was traumatic brain injury (1634.42). Clinical, epidemiological, treatment, and ICU outcome characteristics vary according to the primary neurologic diagnosis. Advanced age, a lower GCS score and a higher number of potential secondary injuries are independent predictors of mortality and unfavourable outcomes in patients requiring neurocritical care. The findings of this study are essential to guide education policies, prevention, and treatment of severe acute neurocritical diseases

Ceftolozane/tazobactam versus meropenem in patients with ventilated hospital-acquired bacterial pneumonia: Subset analysis of the ASPECT-NP randomized, controlled phase 3 trial

BACKGROUND: Ceftolozane/tazobactam is approved for treatment of hospital-acquired/ventilator-associated bacterial pneumonia (HABP/VABP) at double the dose approved for other infection sites. Among nosocomial pneumonia subtypes, ventilated HABP (vHABP) is associated with the lowest survival. In the ASPECT-NP randomized, controlled trial, participants with vHABP treated with ceftolozane/tazobactam had lower 28-day all-cause mortality (ACM) than those receiving meropenem. We conducted a series of post hoc analyses to explore the clinical significance of this finding. METHODS: ASPECT-NP was a multinational, phase 3, noninferiority trial comparing ceftolozane/tazobactam with meropenem for treating vHABP and VABP; study design, efficacy, and safety results have been reported previously. The primary endpoint was 28-day ACM. The key secondary endpoint was clinical response at test-of-cure. Participants with vHABP were a prospectively defined subgroup, but subgroup analyses were not powered for noninferiority testing. We compared baseline and treatment factors, efficacy, and safety between ceftolozane/tazobactam and meropenem in participants with vHABP. We also conducted a retrospective multivariable logistic regression analysis in this subgroup to determine the impact of treatment arm on mortality when adjusted for significant prognostic factors. RESULTS: Overall, 99 participants in the ceftolozane/tazobactam and 108 in the meropenem arm had vHABP. 28-day ACM was 24.2% and 37.0%, respectively, in the intention-to-treat population (95% confidence interval [CI] for difference: 0.2, 24.8) and 18.2% and 36.6%, respectively, in the microbiologic intention-to-treat population (95% CI 2.5, 32.5). Clinical cure rates in the intention-to-treat population were 50.5% and 44.4%, respectively (95% CI - 7.4, 19.3). Baseline clinical, baseline microbiologic, and treatment factors were comparable between treatment arms. Multivariable regression identified concomitant vasopressor use and baseline bacteremia as significantly impacting ACM in ASPECT-NP; adjusting for these two factors, the odds of dying by day 28 were 2.3-fold greater when participants received meropenem instead of ceftolozane/tazobactam. CONCLUSIONS: There were no underlying differences between treatment arms expected to have biased the observed survival advantage with ceftolozane/tazobactam in the vHABP subgroup. After adjusting for clinically relevant factors found to impact ACM significantly in this trial, the mortality risk in participants with vHABP was over twice as high when treated with meropenem compared with ceftolozane/tazobactam. TRIAL REGISTRATION: clinicaltrials.gov, NCT02070757. Registered 25 February, 2014, clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02070757

Avaliação da variabilidade de intervenções baseadas no cateter de artéria pulmonar: experiência brasileira

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A utilização do cateter de artéria pulmonar (CAP) é ainda fonte de debates, devido aos questionamentos sobre sua segurança e eficácia. Este estudo reproduz, entre uma amostra de médicos brasileiros, outra pesquisa, na qual foi evidenciada a heterogeneidade de condutas guiadas através dos dados fornecidos pelo CAP entre médicos norte-americanos. MÉTODO: Durante o Congresso Brasileiro de Medicina Intensiva (Curitiba, 2004), foram distribuídos formulários nos quais constavam três casos com dados de CAP e, na metade deles, de ecocardiografia. Foi solicitado aos médicos que assinalassem uma entre seis opções terapêuticas. Determinou-se que uma resposta homogênea resultaria em uma escolha selecionada por pelo menos 80% dos respondedores. RESULTADOS: Duzentos e trinta e sete médicos responderam os formulários. Em todos os três casos foram observadas escolhas de intervenção terapêutica completamente distintas, nenhuma delas obtendo mais de 80% de concordância. Quando se comparam as escolhas direcionadas pelos resultados da ecocardiografia, observou-se a persistência da variação de escolhas e que nenhuma delas alcançou número suficiente para ser considerada homogênea. CONCLUSÕES: Semelhantemente ao estudo original, observou-se total heterogeneidade nas condutas dirigidas pelo CAP, o que, em última instância, pode indicar conhecimento inadequado de conceitos fisiopatológicos básicos, e que o ensino nos cursos médicos precisa ser revisto e aprimorado

Dysglycemias in patients admitted to ICUs with severe acute respiratory syndrome due to COVID-19 versus other causes - a cohort study

Abstract Background Dysglycemias have been associated with worse prognosis in critically ill patients with COVID-19, but data on the association of dysglycemia with COVID-19 in comparison with other forms of severe acute respiratory syndrome are lacking. This study aimed to compare the occurrence of different glycemic abnormalities in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome and COVID-19 admitted to intensive care units versus glycemic abnormalities in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome from other causes, to evaluate the adjusted attributable risk associated with COVID-19 and dysglycemia and to assess the influence of these dysglycemias on mortality. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort of consecutive patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome and suspected COVID-19 hospitalized in intensive care units between March 11 and September 13, 2020, across eight hospitals in Curitiba-Brazil. The primary outcome was the influence of COVID-19 on the variation of the following parameters of dysglycemia: highest glucose level at admission, mean and highest glucose levels during ICU stay, mean glucose variability, percentage of days with hyperglycemia, and hypoglycemia during ICU stay. The secondary outcome was the influence of COVID-19 and each of the six parameters of dysglycemia on hospital mortality within 30 days from ICU admission. Results The sample consisted of 841 patients, of whom 703 with and 138 without COVID-19. Comparing patients with and without COVID-19, those with COVID-19 had significantly higher glucose peaks at admission (165 mg/dL vs. 146 mg/dL; p = 0.002) and during ICU stay (242 mg/dL vs. 187md/dL; p < 0.001); higher mean daily glucose (149.7 mg/dL vs. 132.6 mg/dL; p < 0.001); higher percentage of days with hyperglycemia during ICU stay (42.9% vs. 11.1%; p < 0.001); and greater mean glucose variability (28.1 mg/dL vs. 25.0 mg/dL; p = 0.013). However, these associations were no longer statistically significant after adjustment for Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II scores, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment scores, and C-reactive protein level, corticosteroid use and nosocomial infection. Dysglycemia and COVID-19 were each independent risk factors for mortality. The occurrence of hypoglycemia (< 70 mg/dL) during ICU stay was not associated with COVID-19. Conclusion Patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome due to COVID-19 had higher mortality and more frequent dysglycemia than patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome due to other causes. However, this association did not seem to be directly related to the SARS-CoV-2 infection