La distribución de recursos entre Comunidades Autónomas. Una primera aproximación a los cambios derivados del nuevo modelo de financiación

El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo analizar el cambio en los resultados distributivos del nuevo modelo de financiación autonómica de régimen común con respecto al vigente desde 2002. Para ello se utilizan indicadores de desigualdad y progresividad derivados de curvas de concentración, así como indicadores de dispersión y de elasticidad. El resultado fundamental que se obtiene es que, a pesar de las modificaciones sustanciales que se producen en la estructura del nuevo modelo, ello no conlleva cambios significativos en los efectos redistributivos de las transferencias, ni en términos de desigualdad ni en términos de progresividad. No obstante, el nuevo modelo sí produce menos reordenación y, en consecuencia, menos desigualdad generada por la misma.The present work has as aim to analyze the change in the distributive results of the new model of financing of Autonomous Communities of common regime with regard to model in force from 2002. For it we use indicators of inequality and progressiveness derived from curves of concentration, as well as indicators of dispersion and of elasticity. The fundamental result obtained is that, in spite of the substantial modifications that are produced in the structure of the new model, it does not carry significant changes in the redistributive effects of the transfers, nor in terms of inequality nor in terms of progressiveness. Nevertheless, the new model produces less reranking and, in consequence, less inequality generated by the same one

Multiparametric Study of Antioxidant Effect on Ram Sperm Cryopreservation—From Field Trials to Research Bench

The optimization of sperm cryopreservation protocols in ram is a feasible tool to reinforce artificial insemination technologies considering the desirable application of sperm by vaginal/cervical or transcervical deposition. Cryopreservation provokes different types of damage on spermatozoa and many of these detrimental effects are triggered by redox deregulation. For this reason, the antioxidant supplementation in sperm cryopreservation protocols to decrease reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and to equilibrate redox status has been widely employed in different species. Despite this, more fertility trials are necessary to provide the definitive tool to ensure the antioxidant effectiveness on sperm quality. For this reason, in this work, we performed a multiparametric analysis of some previously tested antioxidants (crocin, GSH and Trolox) on ram sperm cryopreservation from field trials to sperm quality analyses focused on new strategies to measure redox balance. Attending to fertility trial, Trolox supplementation registered an improvement concerning to fertility (when we considered high fertility males) and multiple lambing frequency and other complementary and descriptive data related to lambing performance such as prolificacy and fecundity. This positive effect was more evident in multiple lambing frequency when we considered low fertility males than in global male analysis. In vitro analyses of sperm quality confirmed in vivo trials registering a positive effect on sperm viability and redox balance. In this study, we provided the definitive evidence that the role of trolox on redox balance maintenance has a direct effect on fertility parameters, such as prolificacy. The effectiveness of antioxidant treatments was tested, for the first time in ovine species, using an integrative and multiparametric approach combining in vivo and in vitro analyses and novel approaches, such as RedoxSYS. These types of strategies should be applied to improve sperm conservation methods and optimize AI technologies upgrading the correlation between in vitro and in vivo analyses.SIFunding: This work was financially supported by the Junta de Castilla y León (LE253P18) and MINECO (AGL2017-83098-R) project and the University of León.Acknowledgments: The authors acknowledge the JCyL-LE253P18 research contract and ORDEN EDU/556/2019 fellowship (Junta Castilla y León), FPU17/04142 (MCIU) and PRE2018-086400 (MEC) fellowships, Carlos Palacio Riocerezo, the ITRA-ULE technicians (Ainoa Jordán, Pedro de Vega and Cecilia Pérez), ANCHE and the staff from Ovigén

Cumulative acquisition of pathogenicity islands has shaped virulence potential and contributed to the emergence of LEE-negative Shiga toxinproducing Escherichia coli strains

Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) are foodborne pathogens causing severe gastroenteritis, which may lead to hemolytic uremic syndrome. The Locus of Enterocyte Effacement (LEE), a Pathogenicity Island (PAI), is a major determinant of intestinal epithelium attachment of a group of STEC strains; however, the virulence repertoire of STEC strains lacking LEE, has not been fully characterized. The incidence of LEE-negative STEC strains has increased in several countries, highlighting the relevance of their study. In order to gain insights into the basis for the emergence of LEE-negative STEC strains, we performed a large-scale genomic analysis of 367 strains isolated worldwide from humans, animals, food and the environment. We identified uncharacterized genomic islands, including two PAIs and one Integrative Conjugative Element. Additionally, the Locus of Adhesion and Autoaggregation (LAA) was the most prevalent PAI among LEE-negative strains and we found that it contributes to colonization of the mice intestine. Our comprehensive and rigorous comparative genomic and phylogenetic analyses suggest that the accumulative acquisition of PAIs has played an important, but currently unappreciated role, in the evolution of virulence in these strains. This study provides new knowledge on the pathogenicity of LEE-negative STEC strains and identifies molecular markers for their epidemiological surveillance.This study was supported by FONDECYT grant 1161161 to R. Vidal and CONICYT-PCHA/2014-63140238 fellowship to D. Montero. Work at USC-LREC was supported by Project PI16/01477 from Plan Estatal de I+D+I 2013-2016, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Subdirección General de Evaluación y Fomento de la Investigación and FEDER, Ministerio de Economia, Industria y Competitividad, Gobierno de España and Project ED431C 2017/57 from the Consellería de Cultura, Educación e Ordenación Universitaria, Xunta de Galicia and FEDER. Fondecyt 11150966 to Felipe Del Canto. Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología; [Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico].S

Impact of empirical treatment in extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp. bacteremia. A multicentric cohort study

BACKGROUND: The objective of this study is to analyze the factors that are associated with the adequacy of empirical antibiotic therapy and its impact in mortality in a large cohort of patients with extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)--producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp. bacteremia. METHODS: Cases of ESBL producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-E) bacteremia collected from 2003 through 2008 in 19 hospitals in Spain. Statistical analysis was performed using multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS: We analyzed 387 cases ESBL-E bloodstream infections. The main sources of bacteremia were urinary tract (55.3%), biliary tract (12.7%), intra-abdominal (8.8%) and unknown origin (9.6%). Among all the 387 episodes, E. coli was isolated from blood cultures in 343 and in 45.71% the ESBL-E was multidrug resistant. Empirical antibiotic treatment was adequate in 48.8% of the cases and the in hospital mortality was 20.9%. In a multivariate analysis adequacy was a risk factor for death [adjusted OR (95% CI): 0.39 (0.31-0.97); P = 0.04], but not in patients without severe sepsis or shock. The class of antibiotic used empirically was not associated with prognosis in adequately treated patients. CONCLUSION: ESBL-E bacteremia has a relatively high mortality that is partly related with a low adequacy of empirical antibiotic treatment. In selected subgroups the relevance of the adequacy of empirical therapy is limited

Adaptabilidad y cohesión familiar, implicación parental en conductas autorregulatorias, autoconcepto del estudiante y rendimiento académico

En este estudio se analiza la relación existente entre la adaptabilidad y la cohesión familiar, así como la conducta autorregulatoria de los padres en relación a su comportamiento con los hijos, en general, y en su implicación en el ámbito del estudio, en particular. También se estudia el tipo de relación que tales variables familiares mantienen con diferentes dimensiones del autoconcepto de los hijos y con su rendimiento académico. Los datos se obtienen a partir de una muestra de 163 estudiantes de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria que han cumplinentado tres escalas (Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scales, Parental Inducement of Self-Regulation y Self-Description Questionnaire-II). Los resultados muestran que la percepción que los hijos tienen sobre el grado de implicación de los padres en comportamientos característicos autorregulatorios influye significativamente sobre las diferentes dimensiones que el estudiante tiene sobre sí mismo (privada, social, académica), que este tipo de percepción se encuentra escasamente relacionada con las características de adaptabilidad y cohesión familiar y, finalmente, que la dimensión académica del autoconcepto predice positiva y significativamente el rendimiento académico, mientras que la dimensión social lo predice negativamente

Fixed and drifting buoys around the national Spanish waters

Joint Technical Commission for Oceanography and Marine Meteorology (JCOMM) Marine Technical Conference, The Technical Conference (TECO) Toward an Integrated Met-ocean Monitoring, Forecasting and Services System, 25-29 October 2017, Geneva, SwitzerlandImproving the knowledge of the ocean and seas surrounding the Iberian Peninsula and Balearic and Canary islands is an objective of the Spanish oceanography. For that purpose, a number of fixed and drifting floats have been established in the last 25 years. Data buoys measure sea surface temperature and salinity, ocean current velocity, air temperature, humidity, wave characteristic and wind velocity across seas and ocean. The objective is increase the quantity, quality, coverage and timeliness of atmospheric and oceanographic data. These observations are used immediately to improve forecast and therefore increase marine safety. The main group of fixed buoys is formed by the Puertos del Estado deep and shallow buoy networks, but a series of well instrumented new platforms has been established in later times. The RAIA Project (Xunta de Galicia), PLOCAN, SOCIB, IEO, Euskalmet-AZTI, ICM and UTM (CSIC) and University and Polytechnic of Barcelona have completed the Observing System. Most of the buoys are transmitting data by GTS for using in atmospheric and ocean prediction models. Multidisciplinary sensors as Dissolved Oxygen, Fluorescence Chlorophyll or pCO2 has been mounted in the buoys and calibration/validation procedures has been developed for improve data quality. Antifouling systems recently developed have also been included and quality of the optical sensors measurements has improved. Drifting floats has increase its number and importance, from Argo floats to traditional deriving ones improving the Spanish contribution to IOC and WWO and JCOMM. Spain is member of EuroArgo ERIC. SOCIB and IEO are the main contributors. Also multidisciplinary work has been done associated to Argo buoys. BGQ ARGO incorporate O2 sensor. ICM, SMOS Barcelona Expert Center, and SOCIB are the main contributors to the drifting buoys group. Main objectives are improving Technological development as well as data management. Tropical and Southern Atlantic Ocean are the main studying areasPeer Reviewe

Autogenic Training Relaxation Helping Postpartum Mothers to Achieve Successful Breastfeeding on Early Lactation Period

Introduction: The numbers of breastfeeding failures are mostly caused by mothers` disbelief to themselves. One method that can be done to overcome these problems in accordance with the self-care nursing theory is the autogenic training relaxation. This method teaches mothers to be self-sufficient in building a positive intention and motivation to help the process of breastfeeding. This study aimed to examine the influence of autogenic training relaxation to the effectiveness of breastfeeding and the enhancement of breast milk volume on maternal postpartum. Method: By using an experimental posttest only-non equivalent control group design, 26 samples were taken based on the criteria and divided into two groups by matching technuiqe. autogenic training was given through MP3 Player for 3 weeks. Post-test observation conducted on the third week by home visit. Via Christi Breastfeeding Assessment Tool Jan Riordan modifications used to assess the effectiveness of breastfeeding, and to measure the milk ejection volume, used weighing test using electronic baby scales. Data were analyzed using one-tailed independent t test with α ≤ 0.05. Result: The analysis showed that mothers who did autogenic training relaxation could breastfeed more effectively and had greater average volume of milk ejection than the control group (p = 0.000 and p = 0.001). Discussion: It can be concluded that autogenic relaxation training techniques affect the effectiveness of breastfeeding and breast milk volume. These results can be considered that autogenic training as an intervention in program of support for breastfeeding mothers

Metaverso y derecho: implicaciones éticas y jurídicas más allá de los horizontes de la privacidad

Memoria ID2022-058. Ayudas de la Universidad de Salamanca para la innovación docente, curso 2022-2023

Circulating tumor cells for comprehensive and multiregional non-invasive genetic characterization of multiple myeloma

Multiple myeloma (MM) patients undergo repetitive bone marrow (BM) aspirates for genetic characterization. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are detectable in peripheral blood (PB) of virtually all MM cases and are prognostic, but their applicability for noninvasive screening has been poorly investigated. Here, we used next-generation flow (NGF) cytometry to isolate matched CTCs and BM tumor cells from 53 patients and compared their genetic profile. In eight cases, tumor cells from extramedullary (EM) plasmacytomas were also sorted and whole-exome sequencing was performed in the three spatially distributed tumor samples. CTCs were detectable by NGF in the PB of all patients with MM. Based on the cancer cell fraction of clonal and subclonal mutations, we found that ~22% of CTCs egressed from a BM (or EM) site distant from the matched BM aspirate. Concordance between BM tumor cells and CTCs was high for chromosome arm-level copy number alterations (≥95%) though not for translocations (39%). All high-risk genetic abnormalities except one t(4;14) were detected in CTCs whenever present in BM tumor cells. Noteworthy, ≥82% mutations present in BM and EM clones were detectable in CTCs. Altogether, these results support CTCs for noninvasive risk-stratification of MM patients based on their numbers and genetic profile.This study was supported by the Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red—Área de Oncología—del Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CIBERONC; CB16/12/00236, CB16/12/00369, CB16/12/00489, and CB16/12/00400); by Cancer Research UK [C355/A26819] and FC AECC and AIRC under the Accelerator Award Program; by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III, FCAECC and co-financed by FEDER (ERANET-TRANSCAN-2 iMMunocell AC17/00101); the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation and co-financed by FSE (Torres Quevedo fellowship, PTQ-16-08623); the Black Swan Research Initiative of the International Myeloma Foundation; European Research Council (ERC) under the European Commission’s H2020 Framework Programme (MYELOMANEXT, 680200); the Qatar National Research Fund (QNRF) Award No. 7-916-3-237; the AACR-Millennium Fellowship in Multiple Myeloma Research (15-40-38-PAIV); the Leukemia Research Foundation; and the Multiple Myeloma Research Foundation (MMRF) under the 2019 Research Fellowship Award

Innate IRE1α-XBP1 activation by viral single-stranded RNA and its influence on lung cytokine production during SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia

The utilization of host-cell machinery during SARS-CoV-2 infection can overwhelm the protein-folding capacity of the endoplasmic reticulum and activate the unfolded protein response (UPR). The IRE1α-XBP1 arm of the UPR could also be activated by viral RNA via Toll-like receptors. Based on these premises, a study to gain insight into the pathogenesis of COVID-19 disease was conducted using nasopharyngeal exudates and bronchioloalveolar aspirates. The presence of the mRNA of spliced XBP1 and a high expression of cytokine mRNAs were observed during active infection. TLR8 mRNA showed an overwhelming expression in comparison with TLR7 mRNA in bronchioloalveolar aspirates of COVID-19 patients, thus suggesting the presence of monocytes and monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MDDCs). In vitro experiments in MDDCs activated with ssRNA40, a synthetic mimic of SARS-CoV-2 RNA, showed induction of XBP1 splicing and the expression of proinflammatory cytokines. These responses were blunted by the IRE1α inhibitor MKC8866, the TLR8 antagonist CU-CPT9a, and knockdown of TLR8 receptor. In contrast, the IRE1α-XBP1 activator IXA4 enhanced these responses. Based on these findings, the TLR8/IRE1α system seems to play a significant role in the induction of the proinflammatory cytokines associated with severe COVID-19 disease and might be a druggable target to control cytokine storm.This work was supported by Junta de Castilla y León/Fondo Social Europeo. Valladolid Section of Asociación Española contra el Cáncer. Fondo COVID-19 del Instituto de Salud Carlos III/Junta de Castilla y León. European Commission-NextGenerationEU, (Regulation EU 2020/2094), through CSIC’s Global Health Platform (PTI Salud Global). Plan Nacional de Salud y Farmacia Grant SAF2017-83079-R and Grant PID2020-113751RB-I00 funded by MCIN/AEI/ 10.13039/501100011033. Junta de Castilla y León/Fondo Social Europeo Grants. CSI035P17 and VA175P20. Proyecto SEAHORSE INFRARED: IR2020-1-UVA05.Peer reviewe