215 research outputs found
Optimization of piroxicam tablet formula using flowlac, avicel and compritol by Simplex Lattice Design Method
Piroksikam is non steroid anti inflammation drug (NSAID) with small dose (10-20 mg daily) with a long time (t1/2) elimination. Piroxicam formulation was expected able to yield a good (quality) tablet to physical characteristic standard. Tablet r component was consisted of Flowlac 100 (filler), Avicel PH-101 (binder) and Compritol 888 ATO (lubricant).The research was done with simplex lattice design (SLD) by using 3 component, i.e. Flowlac (A), Avicel (B), and Compritol (C). Seven formula were needed, I,e, F1 (100 % A), F2 (100 % B), F3 (100 % C), F4 (50 % A and 50 % B), F5 (50 % B and 50 % C), F6 (50 % A and 50 % C),dan F7 (33.33% A, 33.33 % B, 33.33 % C). The optimization parameters of piroxicam tablets were flow rate of the tablet mass, tablet hardness, disintegration time, piroxicam content and the dissolution (C45), on SLD model; equations, contour plots, and superimposed of contour plots were obtained, by which the optimum formula was determined.Based on superimposed contour plot optimum formula was obtained with proportion of Flowlac (89.6 %), Avicel (7.4 %) and Compritol (3 %). The result of flowability was 21.46 g/second; hardness (6.46 kg); disintegration time (6.98 minutes); drug content (10.13 mg) and dissolution C45 (7.35 mg) Interaction of Flowlac-Avicel-Compritol could influence the physical properties and the release profile of tablet. Flowlac was the most dominant factor in increasing flowability, hardness and dissolution of tablet. Compritol was the most dominant factor in increating time of disintegration tablet.Key words: optimization; piroxicam; simplex lattice design
Optimization of chitosan, sodium carboxy methyl celulose and magnesium stearat as mucoadhesive system in captopril tablet
Captopril is an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACE inhibitor) used for the treatment of hypertension and some types of congestive heart failure. It has been reported that the duration of antihypertensive action after a single oral dose of captopril is only 6–8 h. Captopril is most stable at acidic condition and as the pH increases, it becomes unstable and undergoes a degradation reaction. These indicates a promising potential of the captopril mucoadhesive system as an alternative to the conventional dosage form. The objective of the current study was to find an optimum formula of mucoadhesive tablet for captopril using factorial design. Tablets were evaluated formucoadhesive strength and drug release profile. The studies were perfomed to establish composition of chitosan, sodium CMC and Mg stearat. Such composition could produce mucoadhesive strength with a zero order releasekinetics. A 23 factorial design has been applied to systematically optimize the formula. The amounts of chitosan (XA), sodium CMC (XB), and Mg stearat (XC)were selected as independent variables. Mucoadhesive strength and dissolution efficiency (DE480) were selected as dependent variables. According the contour plot suggested that optimum formula will be reach mucoadhesive strength (26-30 g) and DE480 (≥70 %) chitosan at low to middle level (20-35 mg), sodium CMC at middle to high level (150-200 mg), and Mg stearat at low to middle level(4-6 mg).Key words : mucoadhesive, factorial design, DE480 , chitosan, CMC Na, Mg stearat, contour plo
Evaluation of the implementation of the good manufacturing practice for traditional medicine industries in Central Java
The study of the GMP implementation for the traditional medicine industries in Central Java has been performed. The GMP for traditional medicine industry is the guidance how to produce and to manage the quality of the product so that it meets to the quality of design and the quality of conformance. The aim of the study is to evaluate how far the GMP is implemented in the traditional medicine industries in Central Java.The method used of the study was a descriptive evaluative qualitative data collected from several traditional industries namely: M, N, O, P, Q, R and S by assessing the implementation level of the GMP in those industries. The evaluation instrument used was the primary data directly collected by interviewing the directors, the managers and the heads of department, and then followed by visitation to the industries to check the primary data and the actual condition. The result showed that the evaluation of the GMP implementation for the traditional medicine industries in Central Java reached the score of 86.10% that meant of good category, although the quality control, the selfevaluation, and the documentation aspect had to be ameliorated.Key word : GMP, traditional medicine industrie
Zaini, Achmad Fudholi (2020)فعالية استخدام الوسيلة التعليمية (مقرسوف فابليصير) لترقية مهارة الكتابة لطلاب الفصل السابع بمدرسة هاشم أشعري المتوسطة سوكودونو سيدوارجو Undergraduate thesis, UIN Sunan Ampel Surabaya
وجد الباحث مشاكل أن الطلاب في الفصل السابع بمدرسة هاشم أشعري المتوسطة سوكودونو سيدوارجو. لديهم صعوبة في تعبير عن الجمل خاصة في مهارة الكتابة. هم يستطيعون أن يتعلموا المفردات فقط، وكذلك تخرج غالبتهم من المدرسة الابتدائية التي لم تتلق دروس اللغة العربية على الإطلاق. التعلم باستخدام الوسيلة التعليمية Microsoft Publisher هو مخصص للطلاب المبتدئين .أهداف هذا البحث العلمي هي : (1) لمعرفة مهارة الكتابة لطلاب الفصل السابع بمدرسة هاشم أشعري المتوسطة سوكودونو سيدوارجو (2) ولمعرفة استخدام الوسيلة التعليمية Microsoft Publisher لترقية مهارة الكتابة لديهم (3) ولمعرفة فعالية استخدام الوسيلة التعليمية Microsoft Publisher ، ومهارة الكتابة لديهم.
لإجابة تلك القضايا, استخدام الباحث طريقة الكمية. وأما طريقة جمع البيانات فهي : طريقة الملاحظة، وطريقة الوثائق، وطريقة الاختبار. وأما عينة البحث فهي 28 طلاب في الفصل السابع (ب) بمدرسة هاشم أشعري المتوسطة سوكودونو سيدوارجو.
و اما نتائج هذا البحث، وجود ترقية مهارة الكتابة في الفصل السابع (ب) بمدرسة هاشم أشعري المتوسطة سوكودونو سيدوارجو. أن نتيجة 11،30 t hitung أكبر من t tabel 1،701 وهذه يدل على مردود الفرضية الصفرية (H0) ومقبول الفرضية البدلية (Ha)
Zaini, Achmad Fudholi (2020)فعالية استخدام الوسيلة التعليمية (مقرسوف فابليصير) لترقية مهارة الكتابة لطلاب الفصل السابع بمدرسة هاشم أشعري المتوسطة سوكودونو سيدوارجو Undergraduate thesis, UIN Sunan Ampel Surabaya
وجد الباحث مشاكل أن الطلاب في الفصل السابع بمدرسة هاشم أشعري المتوسطة سوكودونو سيدوارجو. لديهم صعوبة في تعبير عن الجمل خاصة في مهارة الكتابة. هم يستطيعون أن يتعلموا المفردات فقط، وكذلك تخرج غالبتهم من المدرسة الابتدائية التي لم تتلق دروس اللغة العربية على الإطلاق. التعلم باستخدام الوسيلة التعليمية Microsoft Publisher هو مخصص للطلاب المبتدئين .أهداف هذا البحث العلمي هي : (1) لمعرفة مهارة الكتابة لطلاب الفصل السابع بمدرسة هاشم أشعري المتوسطة سوكودونو سيدوارجو (2) ولمعرفة استخدام الوسيلة التعليمية Microsoft Publisher لترقية مهارة الكتابة لديهم (3) ولمعرفة فعالية استخدام الوسيلة التعليمية Microsoft Publisher ، ومهارة الكتابة لديهم.
لإجابة تلك القضايا, استخدام الباحث طريقة الكمية. وأما طريقة جمع البيانات فهي : طريقة الملاحظة، وطريقة الوثائق، وطريقة الاختبار. وأما عينة البحث فهي 28 طلاب في الفصل السابع (ب) بمدرسة هاشم أشعري المتوسطة سوكودونو سيدوارجو.
و اما نتائج هذا البحث، وجود ترقية مهارة الكتابة في الفصل السابع (ب) بمدرسة هاشم أشعري المتوسطة سوكودونو سيدوارجو. أن نتيجة 11،30 t hitung أكبر من t tabel 1،701 وهذه يدل على مردود الفرضية الصفرية (H0) ومقبول الفرضية البدلية (Ha)
Ibuprofen salt production and its application in tablet dosage form
Ibuprofen is an anti-inflammatory drug and is practically insoluble in water. The low melting point and the poor flowability of ibuprofen can lead to process difficulty in tablets production. The purpose of this research was to make the sodium salt form of ibuprofen which has better solubility in water.Sodium ibuprofen salt was prepared by reacting the ibuprofen and sodium hydroxide, then characterized using TG/DTA, DSC, spectrophotometer UV-VIS, spectrophotometer IR, X-ray diffraction, and SEM. Tablets were prepared by wet granulation method.The characterization result showed that sodium ibuprofen result of the synthesis was dehydrate form with melting point of 199.9 °C. Granules of sodium ibuprofen result of the synthesis had better flowability and bigger density than ibuprofen granules. The physical characterization of the tablet showed that the formula of sodium ibuprofen resulted from the. Sodium ibuprofen showed the higher release rate than ibuprofen so can give quicker onset of action.Key words: sodium ibuprofen, ibuprofen, dissolution
Influence of learning and growth toward internal business processes: case studies on Departement of Hospital Pharmacy in DIY
Hospital Pharmacy have revenue contribution to the Hospital reached 40-60%, thus becoming one of the hospital revenue center. However hospital pharmacy services in Indonesia are still many shortcomings, is considering several constraints such as the ability of pharmaceutical workers, the limited ability of hospital management, hospital management policies, and limited knowledge of the relevant parties of hospital pharmacy services. Such conditions must be efforts to change with the development of learning and growth factors, because these factors (human capital, organizational capital and information capital) and that effective management is a source of sustainable competitive advantage. The research objective is to determine the relationship and influence of learning and growth to the internal business processes in Hospital Pharmacy. Kind of research is non-experimental research is associative. Research tool includes a questionnaire indicators of learning andgrowth, and internal business processes. The subjects was the head of hospital pharmacy in the hospital region of Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta (DIY). Sample size was 35 hospital. In addition to sending questionnaires, random interviews will be conducted on several hospital pharmacies to enrich the results of the survey questionnaire. The data was analyzed by correlation and linear regression to determine the relationship and influence the learning and growth factors to the internal business processes in hospital pharmacy. Results obtained from statistical calculations with 95% confidence show that there is a strong relationship between the organizational culture against internal business processes with r value of 0.981 with a contribution of 96.20% of theorganizational capital of the sustainability of the internal business processes in Hospital pharmacy in Yogyakarta Special Region. There is not significant relationship between the human capital against internal business processes. There is not significant relationship between the information capital against internal business processesKey words:learning and growth, internal business processes, the hospital pharmacy
PENETAPAN HARGA POKOK SEBAGAI DASAR PENENTUAN TARIF RAWAT INAP BERDASARKAN ACTIVITY BASED COSTING SYSTEM DI RUMAH SAKIT UMUM PKU MUHAMMADIYAH BANTUL
Penetapan biaya rawat inap di Rumah Sakit Umum PKU Muhammadiyah Bantul masih menggunakan sistem akuntansi tradisional dengan menggunakan satu jenis cost driver saja yaitu jumlah hari rawat inap. Tarif yang diperoleh dengan cara menghitung semua biaya yang ditimbulkan dibagi dengan jumlah hari rawat inap. Akan tetapi selain itu RSU PKU Muhammadiyah Bantul juga mempertimbangkan faktor harga pasar, sehingga biaya overhead dibebankan pada produknya saja dan penyebab timbulnya biaya hanya didasarkan pada aktivitas berlevel unit saja. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui harga pokok dan tarif rawat inap dengan menggunakan ABC system pada Rumah Sakit PKU Muhammadiyah Bantul dan mengetahui perbedaan antara akuntansi tradisional yang digunakan oleh Rumah Sakit PKU Muhammadiyah Bantul dengan metode ABC system dalam menetapkan cost kamar rawat inap. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah Harga pokok rawat inap tiap tipe kelas di RSU PKU Muhammadiyah Bantul bila dihitung menggunakan ABC system untuk kelas VIP sebesar Rp 203.561,93; kelas I sebesar Rp 73.244,73; kelas II sebesar Rp 72.630,28; dan kelas III sebesar Rp 65.061,49. Tarif jasa rawat inap Rumah Sakit apabila dihitung dengan menggunakan ABC system dengan memperhitungkan laba yang diharapkan adalah sebesar Rp 246.309,93 untuk kelas VIP; sebesar Rp 87.893,68 untuk kelas I; sebesar Rp 80.619,61 untuk kelas II; dan sebesar Rp 67.013,33 untuk kelas III. Dari hasil perhitungan tarif rawat inap dengan metode ABC, apabila dibandingkan dengan metode tradisional, maka metode ABC memberikan hasil yang lebih besar kecuali pada kelas I yang memberikan hasil lebih kecil dengan selisih untuk kelas VIP sebesar Rp 36.309,93; kelas I sebesar Rp 27.106,32; kelas II sebesar Rp 25.619,61 dan kelas III sebesar Rp 32.013,33.
Kata kunci : Harga Pokok, Activity Based Costing System, RSU PKU Muhammadiyah Bantu
Formulasi dan Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Gel Ekstrak Batang Brotowali (Tinospora crispa L. ) dengan Variasi Trietanolamin terhadap Bakteri Propionibacterium Acne
Brotowali (Tinospora crispa L.) merupakan tumbuhan obat herbal dar family menispermaceae. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memformulasikan sediaan gel dari ekstrak batang brotowali , yang memiliki aktivitas antibakteri serta stabilitas yang baik. Metode penelitian menggunakan metode eksperimental laboratorium.Formulasi sediaan gel, kemudian dilakukan evaluasi sediaan gel, pengujian stabilitas dengan metodecycling test, serta pengujian aktivitas antibakteri dengan metode difusi sumuran terhadap bakteri P.acnes. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa sediaan gel yang mengandung ekstrak batang brotowali sebesar 15% dengan variasi TEA 2%, 2,5% dan 3% memiliki aktivitas antibakteri terhadap P. acnes yang ditunjukkan dengan terbentuknya diameter zona hambat sebesar 7,5 mm, 8,4 mm dan 9,5 mm
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