Incentivizing impact through innovation : an international review of university policies

Abstract and presentation slides.Universities utilize a range of criteria and practices to assess and reward faculty innovation and impact. The presentation will present findings of our review of tenure and intellectual property policies at universities ranked among the top 100, internationally, by Times Higher Education and QS, including a presentation of policy language defining excellence and impact through research and scholarship. The presentation will discuss the various forms of research products produced by universities and the ways in which research products are translated for societal impact. We also assess the degree to which promotion criteria are set as university policy, versus delegated to individual units, or individual faculty. Findings are supplemented by our survey of National Academy of Inventor fellows on rewards and recognition for faculty innovators, and their contributions to “inside innovation” that improves university practices and offerings. The presentation is part of a broader study of innovation in university practices, which will be published in an upcoming book through MIT Press

To strike a pose: no stereotype backlash for power posing women

Power posing, the adoption of open and powerful postures, has effects that parallel those of actual social power. This study explored the social evaluation of adopting powerful versus powerless body postures in men and women regarding perceived warmth, competence, and the likelihood of eliciting admiration, envy, pity, and contempt. Previous findings suggest that the display of power by women may have side effects due to gender stereotyping, namely reduced warmth ratings and negative emotional reactions. An experiment (N = 2,473) asked participants to rate pictures of men and women who adopted high-power or low-power body postures. High-power posers were rated higher on competence, admiration, envy, and contempt compared to low-power posers, whereas the opposite was true for pity. There was no impact of power posing on perceived warmth. Contrary to expectations, the poser’s gender did not moderate any of the effects. These findings suggest that nonverbal displays of power do influence fundamental dimensions of social perception and their accompanying emotional reactions but result in comparably positive and negative evaluations for both genders

Hippies, Greenies, and Tree Huggers: How the "Warmth" Stereotype Hinders the Adoption of Responsible Brands

Past research has highlighted the difficulty faced by responsible consumers, individuals who wish to make environmentally and socially responsible consumption choices. Individual buyers, it is argued, act within a network of structural and social relationships that make responsible alternatives intrinsically hard to pursue. This paper maintains that one such barrier is the perception that users of responsible brands are not worthy of social emulation. Consumers are less likely to adopt brands positioned explicitly on their positive environmental or social credentials because of the stereotypes attached to the users of these products. Two empirical studies demonstrate that users of responsible brands are perceived as stereotypically warm. Warmth, however, is not an appealing feature in a consumption context. Warm groups are not envied and envy plays a central role in fueling a desire to emulate a consumption group. The study is the first to examine the possibility that a group-level stereotype limits the potential attractiveness of responsible brands. The significant implications of this insight for both scholarly research and marketing practice are examined in detail. The presence of a warmth stereotype, which has a negative influence on the social perception of responsible brands, suggests that the development of niches of responsible or ethical consumers is intrinsically problematic

RRR - Finkel - Caprariello

Template for participating labs in the Finkel RRR. Participating labs should Fork this template to create their own project page

"This one's on me!" : effects of self-centered and recipient-centered motives for spending money on others

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Rochester. Dept. of Clinical and Social Sciences in Psychology, 2012.Past research reliably shows that spending money on others (termed prosocial spending) makes people happier than spending money on oneself (Dunn, Aknin, & Norton, 2008). The present research tested whether the happiness benefits of prosocial spending may be reduced when spending money on others for self-centered reasons--to benefit the self--than when done for recipient-centered reasons--to benefit the recipient. Across seven studies, self-centered prosocial spending was shown to make people less happy than recipient-centered spending. Specific forms of self-centered and recipient-centered motives--including self-enhancement, obligation, other-support, and other-enhancement--affected happiness in different ways, and a scale was developed and validated to measure these effects. Qualities of the relationships between givers and recipients influenced determining on whom to spend as well as predicting affective outcomes. The definition of happiness also mattered. When happiness was defined as trait-level well-being, the effects of self-centered motives were less consistent but seemed to operate through reduced positive affect and not through increased negative affect. When happiness was defined as specific to the spending episode itself or as eudaemonic fulfillment, the effects of recipient-centered motives were more robust. Finally, there was little evidence for two proposed mechanisms for the effect--perceived gratitude and self-focused attention--although gratitude was a reliable predictor of happiness, independently of people's motives for spending. The results are discussed in terms of theoretically situating prosocial spending as an interpersonal process

Buying Life Experiences for the Right Reasons: A Validation of the Motivations for Experiential Buying Scale

Although numerous studies have demonstrated the hedonic benefits of spending money on life experiences instead of material possessions, there has been no attempt to determine how different motivations for experiential consumption relate to psychological need satisfaction and well-being. Across five studies (N = 931), guided by self-determination theory, we developed a reliable and valid measure of motivation for experiential consumption-the Motivation for Experiential Buying Scale-to test these relations. Those who spend money on life experience for autonomous reasons (e.g., because they are an integral part of my life ) report more autonomy, competence, relatedness, flourishing, and vitality; however, those who spend money on life experiences for controlled (e.g., for the recognition I\u27ll get from others ) or amotivated reasons (e.g., I don\u27t really know ) reported less autonomy, competence, and relatedness. These results demonstrated that the benefits of experiential consumption depend on why one buys life experiences. © 2012 Springer Science+Business Media B.V

Oligodendrocyte death and myelin loss in the cuprizone model: an updated overview of the intrinsic and extrinsic causes of cuprizone demyelination.

Funder: Canadian Institutes for Health Research (CA)Funder: Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000038Funder: Fondation Brain Canada; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100009408Funder: Azrieli Foundation; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100005155The dietary consumption of cuprizone - a copper chelator - has long been known to induce demyelination of specific brain structures and is widely used as model of multiple sclerosis. Despite the extensive use of cuprizone, the mechanism by which it induces demyelination are still unknown. With this review we provide an updated understanding of this model, by showcasing two distinct yet overlapping modes of action for cuprizone-induced demyelination; 1) damage originating from within the oligodendrocyte, caused by mitochondrial dysfunction or reduced myelin protein synthesis. We term this mode of action 'intrinsic cell damage'. And 2) damage to the oligodendrocyte exerted by inflammatory molecules, brain resident cells, such as oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, and microglia or peripheral immune cells - neutrophils or T-cells. We term this mode of action 'extrinsic cellular damage'. Lastly, we summarize recent developments in research on different forms of cell death induced by cuprizone, which could add valuable insights into the mechanisms of cuprizone toxicity. With this review we hope to provide a modern understanding of cuprizone-induced demyelination to understand the causes behind the demyelination in MS