Application of direct bioautography and SPME-GC-MS for the study of antibacterial chamomile ingredients

The isolation and characterization of antibacterial chamomile components were performed by the use of direct bioautography and solid phase microextraction (SPME)-GC-MS. Four ingredients, active against Vibrio fischeri, were identified as the polyacetylene geometric isomers cis- and trans-spiroethers, the coumarin related herniarin, and the sesquiterpene alcohol (-)-alpha-bisabolol

Separation and identification of antibacterial chamomile components using OPLC, bioautography and GC-MS

Components of 50% ethanolic chamomile (Matricaria recutica L.) flower extract, previously found antibacterial in a TLC-bioautographic study, were separated and isolated by the use of on-line OPLC, which consisted of an OPLC 50 BS system, an on-line coupled flow-through UV detector, and a manual fraction collector. The collected peaks were investigated by GC-MS analysis and by TLC re-chromatography with subsequent visualization, performed after use of the vanillin-sulphuric acid reagent, or under UV illumination, or applying bioautographic detection. The main compounds of the collected 11 fractions were identified by GC-MS. The results showed that the antibacterial effect of 50% ethanolic extract of chamomile is ascribable to cis-, trans-spiroethers, and the coumarins like herniarin and umbelliferone

In-situ Clean-up and OPLC Fractionation of Chamomile Flower Extract Searching Active Components by Bioautography

Bioassay-guided isolation of antibacterial components of chamomile flower methanol extract was performed by OPLC with on-line detection, fractionation combined with sample clean-up in-situ in the adsorbent bed after sample application. The antibacterial effect of the fractions and the separated compounds remained on the adsorbent layer (do not overrun during OPLC separation) was tested with direct bioautography (DB) against the bioluminescent Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. maculicola and Vibrio fischeri. The fractions with great biologically activity were analysed by SPME-GC-MS and LC-MS/MS and the two active uneluted compounds were characterized by OPLC-MS using interface. Mainly essential oil components, coumarins, flavonoids, phenolic acids and fatty acids were identified in the fractions

Antitumor effects of α-bisabolol against pancreatic cancer.

In the present study, we investigated whether α-bisabolol, a sesquiterpene alcohol present in essential oils derived from a variety of plants, has antitumor effects against pancreatic cancer. α-Bisabolol induced a decrease in cell proliferation and viability in pancreatic cancer cell lines (KLM1, KP4, Panc1, MIA Paca2), but not in pancreatic epithelial cells (ACBRI515). α-Bisabolol treatment induced apoptosis and suppressed Akt activation in pancreatic cancer cell lines. Furthermore, α-bisabolol treatment induced the overexpression of early growth response-1 (EGR1), whereas EGR1 siRNA decreased the α-bisabolol-induced cell death of KLM1 cells. Tumor growth in both subcutaneous and peritoneal xenograft nude mouse models was significantly inhibited by intragastric administration of 1000 mg/kg of α-bisabolol, once a week for three weeks. The results indicate that α-bisabolol could be a novel therapeutic option for the treatment of pancreatic cancer

Nanoformulation shows cytotoxicity against glioblastoma cell lines and antiangiogenic activity in chicken chorioallantoic membrane

Glioblastoma (GB) is a histological and genetically heterogeneous brain tumor that is highly proliferative and vascularized. The prognosis is poor with currently available treatment. In this study, we evaluated the cytotoxicity and antiangiogenic activity of doxorubicin-loaded-chitosan-coated-arginylglycylaspartic acid-functionalized-poly(ε-caprolactone)-alpha bisabolol-LNC (AB-DOX-LNC-L-C-RGD). The nanoformulation was prepared by self-assembling followed by interfacial reactions, physicochemically characterized and evaluated in vitro against GB cell lines (U87MG and U138MG) and in vivo using the chicken chorioallantoic membrane assay (CAM). Spherical shape nanocapsules had a hydrodynamic mean diameter of 138 nm, zeta potential of +13.4 mV, doxorubicin encapsulation of 65%, and RGD conjugation of 92%. After 24 h of treatment (U87MG and U138MG), the median inhibition concentrations (IC50) were 520 and 490 nmol L−1 doxorubicin-equivalent concentrations, respectively. The treatment induced antiproliferative activity with S-phase cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis in the GB cells. Furthermore, after 48 h of exposure, evaluation of antiangiogenic activity (CAM) showed that the relative vessel growth following treatment with the nanocapsules was 5.4 times lower than that with the control treatment. The results support the therapeutic potential of the nanoformulation against GB and, thereby, pave the way for future preclinical studies

Antitcancer effect and Seasonal variation in oil constituents of Santolina chamaecyparissus

The volatile components of the aerial parts of Santolina chamaecyparissus, an aromatic plant of North region, Saudi Arabia, were analyzed in two season by GC and GC-MS. Among the 39 compounds identified, major components were Curcumene, alpha-terpinol, p-cymene, 1,8-cineole and caryophllene oxide. Quantitative variations have been characterized following the season. Oil extract of the aerial parts of the medicinal plant Santolina, was in vitro investigated for cytotoxicity against A549,  HCT116, HepG2 and MCF-7 cell lines, and resulted show high cytotoxic activity against  HepG2 with (97.7 %), but resistance to other cell lines, The percentages of inhibition related to the reference drug (doxorubicin),  as long as people are looking to alternative forms of medicine and relaxation such as aromatherapy in this review we confirm the use of one of these medicinal plant as  antitumor agent. Keywords: S. chamaecyparissus, volatile oil , anticancer, Caryophyllene oxid

GC-MS analysis and in silico activity prediction of phytocompounds in the roots of Chrysopogon zizanioides (L.) Roberty

Chrysopogon zizanioides (L.) Roberty (Poaceae) commonly known as Ramachamis an aromatic, vigorous growing perennial grass with medicinal properties. The plant is tolerant to extreme soil and climatic conditions and is known for its cooling properties. Roots of the plant are widely used as body scrubber and is suggested for skin diseases in Ayurveda. The present work aims to identify the components in the crude methanolic root extract of C. zizanioides using GC-MS and also to predict the pharmacokinetic behaviour of selected compounds in silico using Swiss ADME online server . 41 compounds were identified of which sesquiterpenes formed the major group. Sesquiterpene Vetivenic acid was the compound with a maximum peak area of 38.9%. Components identified is reported to possess a range of biological activities like anti oxidant, antibacterial, anti cancer, anti inflammatory, anti ulcer, analgesic and insecticidal activities. Compounds with higher peak area like Vetivenic acid, beta vatirenene, beta.-Cedren-9-.alpha.-ol, D Viridiflorol, Gamma muurolene, (Z,E)-alpha-farnesene, Nootkatone, Aromadendrene oxide-(2), 7-Acetyl-2-hydroxy-2methyl-5isopropylbicyclo[4.3.0] nonane, Rosifoliol, 9,10-dehydro isolongifolene, Ylangenol, 4,7,10,13,16,19-Docosahexaenoic acid methyl ester, Carbonic acid, propargyl 2,2,2-tri chloroethyl ester, Oxacyclotetradeca-4,11-diyne, beta eudesmol and longifolene were evaluated in silico. All these compounds proved to obey Lipinski's rule-of-five and were water soluble. Vetivenic acid showed a good bioavailability score of 85% while the others showed 55%. None of the compounds were substrates to P glycoprotein. The values predicted may be used for preliminary evaluation of pharmacological properties of C. zizanioides and also as monographs for the development of potential semisynthetic or synthetic drugs

Next generation breeding tools for chamomile: Evaluating genetic diversity, ploidy variation, and identifying marker-trait associations

Chamomile (Matricaria recutita L.) has a long history of use in herbal medicine with various applications, and the flower heads contain numerous medicinally active compounds. Next generation sequencing (NGS) approaches are applied to exploit genetic resources in the major crop plants to develop genomic resources, and to enhance breeding. Genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) has been used to evaluate the genetic structure of cultivated populations in the non-model crop chamomile using 6495 SNP markers, and to perform a genome wide association study (GWAS) identifying sequences significantly associated with the medicinally important alpha-bisabolol content. Ploidy variation in chamomile was investigated by high-throughput flow-cytometry. Di-, tri- and tetraploid plants were identified, and in field trials characterized. Since seeds are not needed in the harvested product of chamomile, triploidy could be a way to obtain a sterile chamomile variety, omitting the problems of chamomile seeds lying up to 15 years dormant in the soil and facilitating crop rotation in the fields.Die Nutzung von Kamille (Matricaria recutita L.) als Arzneipflanze hat eine lange Tradition und umfasst einen weiten Anwendungsbereich. Die Blütenköpfe von Kamille enthalten eine Vielzahl an medizinisch wirksamen Inhaltsstoffen. Next-Generation Sequenzierungsmethoden (NGS) werden bei den Hauptkulturpflanzen verwendet, um genetische Ressourcen zu erschließen und die Züchtung zu unterstützen. Genotypisierungdurch- Sequenzierung (GBS) wurde bei der Nicht-Modellpflanze Kamille zur Charakterisierung der genetischen Diversität angewandt. Unter Nutzung von den erhaltenen 6495 hochqualitativen SNP-Markern wurden mittels einer genomweiten Assoziationsstudie (GWAS) DNA-Sequenzen identifiziert, die signifikant mit dem pharmazeutisch wichtigen Alpha-Bisabolol-Gehalt assoziiert sind. Die Ploidievariation in der Art Echte Kamille wurde mittels Hochdurchsatz-Durchflusszytometrie untersucht. Di-, tri- und tetraploide Pflanzen wurden identifiziert und in Feldversuchen charakterisiert. Da für das Ernteprodukt bei Kamille keine Samen benötigt werden, könnte Triploidie ein Weg sein, eine sterile Kamillensorte zu erzeugen. Mit einer sterilen Sorte könnte so das Problem gelöst werden, dass Kamillensamen im Boden bis zu 15 Jahre lang nach dem Anbau auskeimen, was den Fruchtwechsel auf den Ackerböden erheblich erschwert und u.a. zur Akkumulation von Kamillenkrankheiten führt